Ghana

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The Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) was the name of the Ghanaian government after the People's National Party's elected government was overthrown by Jerry Rawlings, the former head of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council. This was on December 31, 1981. It remained in power until January 7, 1993. In a statement explaining the coup d'état, Rawlings explained that a "holy war" was necessary due to the PNP's failure to provide effective leadership and by the collapse of the national economy and state services. The PNDC was a military dictatorship that co-opted civilians to give it credibility. The majority of Council members were civilians. The PNDC policies reflect a revolutionary government yet pragmatic in its approach. The economic objectives of the PNDC were to halt the economic decay, stabilise the economy and consequently stimulate economic growth. Politically, its goal was to establish structures that would allow the permeation of ‘People Power.’ Most significantly, the PNDC, carrying with it the spirit of the June 4, 1979 Uprising, brought to the table a change in the people’s attitude from a ‘government will provide’ position to being proactive in nation-building.

Members[link]

The seven original members of the PNDC from its inception were as follows:

• Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings - Chairman
• Brigadier Joseph Nunoo-Mensah - retired Chief of Defence Staff
• Reverend Dr. Vincent Kwabena Damuah
• Warrant Officer (I) Joseph Adjei Buadi
• Sergeant Daniel Alolga Akata Pore
• Joachim Amartey Quaye
• Chris Bukari Atim

Departures and replacements[link]

Over the years, some people were added to the membership and others left. A number left in 1982 due to ideological differences. Joachim Amartey Quaye was executed for his involvement in the murder of three senior judges and a retired army officer. Rev. Damuah who was suspended from the Catholic Church because of his involvement in the government left in late 1982 and started his own church later called the Afrikania Mission, an organization devoted to the promotion of African Traditional Religion.^[1]

August 1992 onwards - Final membership[link]

• Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings - Chairman
• Justice D.F. Annan
• Alhaji Iddrisu Mahama
• Captain (rtd) Kojo Tsikata
• P.V. Obeng
• Lieutenant General Arnold Quainoo
• Air Vice Marshal Dumashie
• Dr. Mrs. Mary Grant

PNDC members[link]

List of secretaries of state[link]

The officials in charge of the various ministries were designated as Secretaries of state.

References[link]

v t e      Ghana governments Democratic: Nkrumah government • Busia government • Limann government • Rawlings government • Kufuor government • Mills government  Military: National Liberation Council • National Redemption Council • Supreme Military Council • Armed Forces Revolutionary Council • Provisional National Defence Council

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John Prine
John Prine at MerleFest, Wilkesboro N.C. (2006)
Background information
Born	(1946-10-10) October 10, 1946 (age 65)
Origin	Maywood, Illinois, United States
Genres	Country Folk Progressive bluegrass
Occupations	Singer-songwriter Guitarist
Instruments	Vocals Guitar
Years active	1971–present
Labels	Atlantic, Asylum, Oh Boy, Rhino
Associated acts	Steve Goodman
Website	www.johnprine.net

John Prine (born October 10, 1946, in Maywood, Illinois) is an American country/folk singer-songwriter. He has been active as a recording artist and live performer since the early 1970s.

Biography[link]

Prine is the son of William Prine and Verna Hamm. Prine started playing guitar at age 14, taught by his brother, David.^[1] Prine attended Proviso East High School, and was a member on the school's gymnastic team. He was a postman for five years and served in the Army during the Vietnam War era, serving in Germany, before beginning his musical career in Chicago.

In the late 1960s, while Prine was delivering mail in Maywood, Illinois, he began to sing at open mic evenings at the Fifth Peg on Armitage Avenue. Prine was initially a spectator, reluctant to perform, but eventually did so in response to a "You think you can do better?" comment made to him by another performer. Chicago Sun-Times movie critic Roger Ebert heard him there and wrote the first review Prine ever received, calling him a great songwriter.^[2] He became a central figure in the Chicago Folk Revival, which also included such singer-songwriters as Steve Goodman, Bonnie Koloc, Jim Post and Fred Holstein. Joined by such established musicians as Jethro Burns and Bob Gibson, Prine performed frequently at such clubs as the Earl of Old Town, the Quiet Knight, Somebody Else's Troubles, The 5th Peg, and the Bulls.

John Prine is currently living in Nashville with his third wife, Fiona Whelan. They have three children, stepson Jody Whelan, Tommy and Jack. Prine has a second residence in Pinellas County, Florida.

Recordings[link]

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In 1971 Prine's self-titled debut album was released. He and friend Steve Goodman had each been active in the Chicago folk scene before being "discovered" by Kris Kristofferson (Kristofferson remarked that Prine wrote songs so good that "we'll have to break his thumbs"). The album included his signature songs "Illegal Smile," "Sam Stone," and the folk and country standards "Angel from Montgomery" and "Paradise." The album also included "Hello In There", a song about aging that was later covered by numerous artists and "Far From Me," a lonely waltz about lost love for a waitress that Prine later said was his favorite of all his songs. The album received many positive reviews, and some hailed Prine as "the next Dylan." Bob Dylan himself appeared unannounced at one of Prine's first New York City club appearances, anonymously backing him on harmonica.

Prine's second album, Diamonds In The Rough, was a surprise for many after the critical success of his first LP; it was an uncommercial, stripped-down affair that reflected Prine's fondness for bluegrass music and features songs reminiscent of Hank Williams's work as Luke The Drifter. Highlights include the allegorical "The Great Compromise," which features a recitation and addresses the Vietnam War, and the touching ballad "Souvenirs," which Prine later recorded with Goodman.

Later albums include Sweet Revenge (1973), containing such fan favorites as "Dear Abby," "Grandpa Was A Carpenter," and "Christmas In Prison", and Common Sense (1975), with "Come Back to Us Barbara Lewis Hare Krishna Beauregard". The latter album was Prine's first to be charted in the US Top 100 by Billboard, reflecting growing commercial success. It was produced by Steve Cropper. Many veteran Prine fans view the release of 1978's Bruised Orange as a creative highpoint. The Steve Goodman-produced album gave listeners songs such as "The Hobo Song," "Sabu Visits the Twin Cities Alone," and the title track showing that he could capture the human condition as easily as writing politically inspired anthems.

In 1974, singer David Allan Coe achieved considerable success on the country charts with "You Never Even Called Me By My Name", co-written by Prine and Goodman. The song good-naturedly spoofed stereotypical country music lyrics. Prine refused to take a songwriter's credit and the tune went to Goodman, although Goodman bought Prine a jukebox as a gift from his publishing royalties.

The 1979 album Pink Cadillac features two songs produced by legendary Sun Records founder Sam Phillips, who by this time rarely did any studio work. The first song, "Saigon," is about a Vietnam vet traumatized by the war ("The static in my attic's gettin' ready to blow"). During the recording, one of the guitar amps blew up (which is evident on the album track). The other song Phillips produced is "How Lucky," about Prine's hometown.

Prine continued writing and recording albums throughout the 1980s and formed his own record label, Oh Boy Records. His songs continued to be covered by other artists; the country supergroup The Highwaymen recorded "The Twentieth Century Is Almost Over," which had been written by Prine and Goodman. Steve Goodman died of leukemia in 1984 and Prine continues to perform many of Goodman's songs in concert to this day, such as "My Old Man."

In 1991, Prine released the Grammy Award-winning The Missing Years, his first collaboration with producer and Heartbreakers bassist Howie Epstein. The title song records Prine's humorous take on what Jesus did in the unrecorded years between his childhood and ministry. In 1995, Lost Dogs and Mixed Blessings was released, another collaboration with Epstein. Prine followed in 1999 with In Spite of Ourselves, which was unusual for him in that it contained only one original song—the rest were covers of classic country songs—and all were duets with well-known female country vocalists, including Lucinda Williams, Emmylou Harris, Dolores Keane, and Iris DeMent (whom Prine appeared with on the Letterman Show & referred to as his "favorite girl singers".)

In 2001 John co-starred in the Billy Bob Thornton movie Daddy & Them (Alvin Montgomery), and "In Spite of Ourselves" can be heard as the end credits roll .

Cancer[link]

In early 1998, Prine was diagnosed with squamous cell cancer on the right side of his neck. He had surgery to remove the diseased tissue and was left with a substantial loss of tissue. This was followed by six weeks of radiation therapy.^[3] The surgery altered his vocals, and has added a "gravel" tone to his voice.^[4][5]

Awards and influence[link]

In 2003, he was given a Lifetime Achievement Award for songwriting by the UK's BBC Radio 2 and that same year was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. The following year saw his song "Sam Stone" covered by Laura Cantrell for the Future Soundtrack for America compilation.

Prine has taken his place as one of the most influential songwriters of his generation. In 2009, Bob Dylan told the Huffington Post that Prine was one of his favourite writers, stating "Prine's stuff is pure Proustian existentialism. Midwestern mindtrips to the nth degree. And he writes beautiful songs. I remember when Kris Kristofferson first brought him on the scene. All that stuff about "Sam Stone," the soldier junkie daddy, and "Donald and Lydia," where people make love from ten miles away. Nobody but Prine could write like that."^[6] In Johnny Cash's autobiography Cash, he admitted "I don't listen to music much at the farm, unless I'm going into songwriting mode and looking for inspiration. Then I'll put on something by the writers I've admired and used for years (Rodney Crowell, John Prine, Guy Clark, and the late Steve Goodman are my Big Four)..."^[7] When asked by Word Magazine in 2008 if he heard Pink Floyd's influence in newer British bands like Radiohead, Roger Waters replied "I don't really listen to Radiohead. I listened to the albums and they just didn't move me in the way, say, John Prine does. His is just extra-ordinarily eloquent music—and he lives on that plane with Neil Young and Lennon."^[8] Prine received the Artist of the Year award at the Americana Music Awards on September 9, 2005. The award was accepted in his name by awards host and long-time friend Billy Bob Thornton.

Recent years[link]

Prine recorded a version of Stephen Foster's "Old Kentucky Home" in 2004 for the compilation album Beautiful Dreamer, which won the Grammy for Best Traditional Folk Album in 2005.

In 2005, Prine released his first all-new offering since Lost Dogs and Mixed Blessings, the album Fair & Square, which tended toward a more laid-back, acoustic approach than, for example, Lost Dogs and Mixed Blessings. The album contains songs such as "Safety Joe," about a man who has never taken any risks in his life, and also "Some Humans Ain't Human," Prine's protest piece on the album, which talks about the ugly side of human nature and includes a quick shot at President George W. Bush. Fair & Square won the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album. The album contains original songs plus two covers: A.P. Carter's "Bear Creek Blues" and Blaze Foley's "Clay Pigeons."

2010 kicked off with a flurry of Prine activity, as he stopped by The Marty Stuart Show on RFD-TV in January to perform three of his most popular recordings: "Speed of the Sound of Loneliness," "Souvenirs," & "Paradise." Later in May Prine appeared on Late Show With David Letterman, performing "All The Best" with Jim James of the band My Morning Jacket.

On July 3, 2010, Prine appeared at Ravinia Festival in Highland Park, Illinois, broadcast on American Public Media's A Prairie Home Companion, playing several of his songs.^[9]

On September 30, 2011, Prine played a thirteen song set on the main Banjo Stage at the Hardly Strictly Bluegrass festival in San Francisco, California.

Broken Hearts and Dirty Windows[link]

On June 22, 2010 Oh Boy Records released a tribute album titled "Broken Hearts and Dirty Windows: The Songs of John Prine". The album features members of the modern folk revival including My Morning Jacket, The Avett Brothers, Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band, Old Crow Medicine Show, Lambchop, Josh Ritter, Drive-By Truckers, Nickel Creek's Sara Watkins, Deer Tick featuring Liz Isenberg, Justin Townes Earle, Those Darlins, and Bon Iver's Justin Vernon.^[10]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

Guest singles[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• A Literary Evening with John Prine and Ted Kooser. March 9, 2005. The Poetry and Literature Center at the Library of Congress.
• Interview with John Prine - KyndMusic, September 2005
• 1971 Radio Interview with John Prine on WGLD Oak Park - fr JOHNPRINE.NET
• John Prine at the Internet Movie Database

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Lee Ingleby (born 28 January 1976) is a British film, television, and stage actor.

He is perhaps best known for his roles as Detective Sergeant John Bacchus in the BBC Drama George Gently and as Stan Shunpike in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. He has also appeared as Sean O'Neill in Jimmy McGovern's The Street, and a recurring role in the second series of Early Doors as Mel's boyfriend, Dean. Another prominent role was his part in the 2003 film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, where he played a nervous Midshipman Hollom. In addition, he played a part in the final episode of Series One of Life on Mars, playing Sam Tyler's father Vic, and made an appearance in Spaced in 2001.

Early life[link]

Ingleby was born in Burnley and lived in Brierfield, Lancashire, England during his early life, attending Edge End High School, as did fellow actor John Simm. Both were taught by the same drama teacher who encouraged them into the professional theatre.^[1] He then studied at Accrington and Rossendale College before progressing to the drama school LAMDA in London.

Career[link]

His first major role was as the young lead in the 2000 BBC miniseries Nature Boy, alongside Paul McGann. He played Smike in a 2001 television film version of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby. Also in 2001, he starred in and wrote the screenplay for the short film Cracks in the Ceiling, which he appeared in with his father, Gordon Ingleby.

In the 2002 theatrical release Borstal Boy, based very loosely on the life of Irish poet-activist Brendan Behan, Ingleby played a bully in an English boarding school for juvenile offenders.

He has also made one-off appearances in television programmes such as Hustle, Clocking Off, No Angels, Fat Friends, Jonathan Creek, Dalziel and Pascoe, Cadfael (Pilgrim of Hate) and The Bill. He has had supporting roles in films such as Gustave in Ever After alongside Drew Barrymore and as Hollom in the 2003 Peter Weir film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World. In 2004, he had a small role in the Orlando Bloom vehicle Haven, which premiered at the Toronto Film Festival but was not commercially released until 2006, following heavy re-editing. He also guest-starred in the Doctor Who audio adventure, Terror Firma.

In 2006 he appeared in Jimmy McGovern BBC TV series The Street where he played abusive husband Sean O'Neill alongside Christine Bottomley. Another project was the 2006 television adaptation of The Wind in the Willows, in which he played Mole. It also starred Bob Hoskins as Badger, Matt Lucas as Toad, and Mark Gatiss as Ratty, and has also appeared in a modernised BBC adaptation of Rapunzel for the Fairy Tales series.

Ingleby headed the cast of the 2008 three-part television crime drama Place of Execution as DI George Bennett as he was in the 1960s determined to close the case of a missing girl.

When not working in films and television, Ingleby remains active on the stage, where his credits include Puck in Midsummer Night's Dream, Alexander in Nicholas Wright's Cressida, and Katurian in Martin McDonagh's The Pillowman.

He performed in the play Our Class by Tadeusz Slobodzianek at the Cottesloe Theatre from September 2009 to January 2010 as Zygmunt.^[2]

In 2011 he appeared in the television series Being Human as Edgar Wyndham, a menacing vampire elder, and also in Luther as serial killer Cameron Pell.

Personal life[link]

Ingleby is single and lives in Clapham, South London.

Filmography[link]

Film[link]

• Ever After (as Gustave), 1998
• Borstal Boy (as Dale), 2000
• Cracks in the Ceiling (as Lad), 2001
• Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (as Midshipman Hollom), 2003
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (as Stan Shunpike), 2004
• Haven (as Patrick), 2004
• The Headsman (as Bernhard), 2005
• The Last Legion (as Germanus), 2007
• Post-It Love (as Boy), 2008
• Doghouse (as Matt), 2009

Television[link]

• Soldier Soldier (as Kevin Fitzpatrick), 1997
• Killer Net (as Gordon), 1998
• In the Red (as Paul), 1998
• The Bill (as Ian in episode called "Puzzled"), 1998
• Cadfael (as Walter), 1998
• Junk (as Rob), 1999
• The Dark Room (as Bobby Franklyn), 1999
• Dalziel and Pascoe (as Kieron Cumming in episode called "The British Grenadier"), 1999
• Jonathan Creek (as David Spratley in episode called "The Three Gamblers"), 2000
• Nature Boy (as David), 2000
• Spaced (as 'Romford Thug Leader' in episode called "Gone"), 2001
• The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (as Smike), 2001
• Impact (as Peter Stamford), 2002
• Clocking Off (as Steven Dugdale), 2002
• Fat Friends (as Craig in episode called "Sweet and Sour"), 2002
• No Angels (as Nurse Carl Jenkins), 2004
• Blue Murder (as Roger Boersma in episode called "Up In Smoke"), 2004
• Early Doors (as Dean), 2004
• Hustle (as Trevor Speed) in episode called "The Lesson"), 2005
• Coming Up (as Gabriel in episode called "Karma Cowboys"), 2005
• Life on Mars (as Vic Tyler), 2006
• The Street (as Sean O'Neill), 2006
• The Wind in the Willows (as Mole), 2006
• George Gently (as Detective Sergeant John Bacchus), 2007 — 2011
• The Worst Journey in the World (as Birdie Bowers), 2007
• Rapunzel (as Jimmy Stojkovic), 2008
• Place of Execution (as DI George Bennett), 2008
• Marple: Nemesis (as Colin Hards), 2008
• Crooked House (as Ben) (2008)
• Being Human (as Edgar Wyndam) (2011)
• Luther (as Cameron Pell) (2011)

Radio[link]

• Cry Hungary (as Peter Kovacs), BBC Radio 4, 2006

• Radio Head, Up and down the dial of British Radio by John Osborne, Book of the Week, BBC Radio 4, 2009

• A Kind of Loving (as Vic Brown), BBC Radio 4, 2010

References[link]

External links[link]

• Lee Ingleby at the Internet Movie Database
• Lee Ingleby on Filmbug
• Daryn's Lee Ingleby Page