A reform school in the United States was a term used to define, often somewhat euphemistically, what was often essentially a penal institution for boys, generally teenagers.

Social reformers in America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries almost invariably found fault with the then-usual practice of treating juvenile offenders essentially the same as adult criminals. It was recognized that the juveniles were often sexually and otherwise exploited by the older inmates and that they were often receiving instruction in more advanced and serious ways of crime by hardened criminals with little regard for law, society's morals, or even human life. As a result, rather than their sentences serving as a deterrent to future crimes, many juvenile offenders emerged from incarceration far worse than when they were first sentenced.

The reforms, which were adopted far more readily in some states than others, consisted of a two-pronged approach: a separate juvenile code and juvenile courts for offenders who had not reached the age of majority, and the building of separate institutions for juvenile "delinquents" (the stigmatizing term "criminal" not being used). Because the primary purpose of these institutions was to be rehabilitative rather than punitive, they were styled "reform schools". For the most part, these institutions were custodial.

Thebe Neruda Kgositsile (born February 24, 1994), better known by his stage name Earl Sweatshirt, is an American rapper and member of the Los Angeles based hip hop collective Odd Future.

Kgositsile was born to Cheryl Harris, a law professor at University of California, Los Angeles, and Keorapetse Kgositsile, a South African poet and political activist. He grew up in the Los Angeles area and is in his senior year at New Roads High School in Santa Monica.

Earl and his group have been featured in mainstream magazines such as Spin, Billboard and The Fader as well as on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. His debut studio album, Earl, was self-released March 31, 2010 as a free digital download on the Odd Future website. Most of the album was produced by Tyler, The Creator. Earl was named the 24th best album of 2010 by Complex. Sweatshirt's rapping style is notable for its dark lyrical content, multi-syllabic rhyme schemes, heavy wordplay and double entendres.

Despite overwhelmingly positive reviews, various sources indicated that Sweatshirt had stopped making music with Odd Future. Posts from Tyler, The Creator's Twitter and Formspring accounts seemed to indicate that Sweatshirt's mother would not grant permission to release any of Sweatshirt's music, although Earl later expressed in an interview that his mother sent him to Samoa not because of his music or lyrical content but because of himself getting into trouble. Earl attended Coral Reef Academy, a therapeutic retreat school for at-risk boys, located outside of the Samoan capital of Apia.

Dominique Marquis Cole (born March 9, 1991), better known by his stage name Domo Genesis, is an American rapper from Los Angeles, currently signed to Odd Future Records. He is a member of the alternative hip hop collective OFWGKTA. He briefly attended Arizona State University before leaving his studies to focus on a career in rapping.

Domo joined Odd Future because he was very good friends with Tyler, the Creator. His debut album Rolling Papers was released on August 30, 2010. The album is primarily a "weed rap" album. Production was done almost entirely by Tyler, the Creator. It was met with generally positive reviews, with one reviewer saying "he shows lyrical skills throughout with interesting punchlines and weed-obsessed lyrics."

His mixtape Under The Influence was released on September 20, 2011. Much like his first release, Under the Influence is mostly about his love for smoking marijuana, as well as style. Many saw this second album as a vast improvement over his first, citing "it's focused and rarely lacking in style — or yeah, SWAG."

Michael Fullan was born in Toronto, Ontario, the eldest of 7 hockey-playing boys, Michael Fullan turned in his skates for books at the age of 18 and slowly worked his way into academia earning a Ph.D in Sociology in 1969. He now spends his time linking practice to theory, rather than the other way around, working with groups at all levels of the system on the moral purpose of raising the bar and closing the gap of school achievement for all children.

Michael Fullan is currently Professor Emeritus at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto, and is Special Adviser on Education to Dalton McGuinty, the Premier of Ontario. He holds Honorary Doctorates from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and from Nipissing University in Canada.

Fullan served as Dean of the Faculty of Education at the University of Toronto from 1988 to 2003, leading two major organizational transformations, including a merger of two large schools of education. He is currently working as adviser and consultant on several major education reform initiatives around the world.

Basic Instinct is a 1992 American erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas, and starring Sharon Stone and Michael Douglas.

The film centers on police detective Nick Curran (Douglas), who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star. During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect, the beautiful, mysterious Catherine Tramell (Stone).

Even before its release, Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence. It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists, who criticized the film's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous sociopath.

Despite initial critical negativity and public protest, Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s; grossing $352 million worldwide. Multiple versions of the film have been released on Videocassette, DVD, and Blu-ray including a director's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas. A 2006 sequel, Basic Instinct 2, was critically panned and became a commercial flop.