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Dustoor (Hindi:; literally Foundation) is an Indian television drama-series that was directed by Gurbir Singh Grewal of NEEM KA PED FAME. The series was written by Dr.F.S.Shirani. Kahani Ghar Ghar Ki fame Sakshi Tanwar started her career from this serial.^[1]

Dastoor first aired in 1996 on the Indian state television channel DD National, which is owned and operated by Doordarshan network.

Cast[link]

• Babla Mehta
• S.M.Zaheer
• Arun Bali
• Sanjay Sharma
• Sakshi Tanwar-- Bano
• Alka Amin-- Bano's mother
• Hema Singh
• Hemant Mishra
• Shad Khan

References[link]

External links[link]

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Habib Jalib (Urdu: حبیب جالب) was a Pakistani revolutionary poet. A left-wing activist and politician, he was a staunch democrat who opposed martial law, authoritarianism and state oppression.

Early life[link]

Habib Jalib was born on March 24, 1928 as Habib Ahmad ^[1] in a village near Hoshiarpur, British India. He migrated to Pakistan after partition and worked as a proofreader in Daily Imroze, Karachi. He was a progressive writer and soon started to grab the audience with his enthusiastic recitation of poetry. He wrote in plain language, adopted a simple style and addressed common people and issues. But the conviction behind his words, the music of his voice and his emotional energy coupled with the sensitivity of the socio-political context is what stirred the audience.^[2]

Political views[link]

He was a Marxist-Leninist and aspired to the ideals of Communism. He was a member of the Communist Party of Pakistan; later when the Communist Party was banned and started working under the banner of National Awami Party (NAP), Jalib joined the NAP. Due to his blunt expression of his beliefs, he suffered hard time all his life and spent most of time in Jails.

Ayub Khan's martial law[link]

Habib Jalib was first imprisoned during the martial law regime of Ayub Khan due to his defiant views on Ayub Khan's capitalistic policies. He wrote his legendary poem "Dastoor" during those days.

Criticizing those who supported Ayub Khan's regime, he wrote:

کہیں گیس کا دھواں ہے

کہیں گولیوں کی بارش ہے

شب عہد کم نگاہی

تجھے کس طرح سراہیں

Kahin gas ka dhuan hae

kahin golion ki baarish

Shab-e-ehd-e-kum nigahi

tujhay kis tarah sarahein

There is smoke of teargas in the air

and the bullets are raining all around

How can I praise thee

the night of the period of shortsightedness^[3]

A humble man with limited means of livelihood, Jalib could never reconcile with the dictatorship of Ayub Khan. So when Ayub enforced his tailor-made constitution in the country in 1962, which a former prime minister Chaudhry Muhammad Ali likened to the Clock Tower of Lyallpur, Jalib wrote the following poem:

دیپ جس کا محلات ہی میں جلے

چند لوگوں کی خوشیوں کو لے کر چلے

وہ جو سایےمیں ہر مصلحت کے پلے

ایسے دستور کو، صبح بےنور کو

میں نہیں مانتا،میں نہیں مانتا

Whose light shines only in palaces

And carries the joys of only a few people

That derives its strength from others' weaknesses

That system, like a dawn without light

I refuse to acknowledge, I refuse to accept

Due to his daring revolt against the order of the day, Jalib was banned from official media but he remained undeterred. He rather started a tirade against the tyranny with more resolution. It reached its zenith when Fatima Jinnah decided to contest elections against Ayub Khan. All democratic forces rallied around her and at her election meetings, Jalib used to recite his fiery poems in front of an emotionally charged crowd. His most popular poem at that time was:

ماں کے پائوں تلے جنت ہے ادھر آجائو

Maan kay paon talay jannat hai idhar aa jao

The paradise is under the feet of the mother. So come into her fold.

In another incident which has become a part of the resistance folklore of the country, the Governor of West Pakistan, the Nawab of Kalabagh, invited filmstar Neelo to dance in front of a foreign dignitary (Be bold and read here Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran!). As she refused, the police was sent to bring her, which led to a suicide attempt on her part. This incident inspired a poem by Jalib, which was later included by Neelo's husband Riaz Shahid in the film Zarqa. The song was:

تو کہ ناواقفِ ادبِ غلامی ہے ابھی

رقص زنجیر پہن کر بھی کیا جاتا ہے

Tu kay nawaqif-e-aadab-e-ghulami hae abhi

Raqs zanjeer pehan kar bhi kiya jata hai.

You are not aware of the protocol of a king's court. Sometimes one has to dance (before them) with the fetters on.

Bhutto's government[link]

In 1972 when Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came to power, many of his colleagues were able to hit fortunes. He, on the other hand, kept his integrity and stuck to ideology. According to sources close to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, one day Habib Jalib went to Bhutto's place to meet him. Bhutto on seeing him said that when are you going to come (referring to joining his political Party) Jalib said, "Have the oceans ever fallen in rivers".

Zia-ul-Haq's martial law[link]

During General Zia-ul-Haq's dictatorship, Jalib joined movement for democracy. He wrote the famous poem on Zia,^[4] where he asked how he could write darkness as Zia ( Zia literally means light in Urdu).

ظلمت کو ضیا، صر صر کو صبا، بندے کو خدا کیا لکھنا

Darkness as light, Hot desert wind as a morning breeze

How can I write a human as God?

Benazir Bhutto's government[link]

In 1988, General Zia-ul-Haq died in air crash and general elections were held. Benazir Bhutto came into power and released Habib Jalib. Fortunes were distributed to those who supported the government rather than those who supported democracy. Disappointed at the state of the nation, when asked if he felt any change after democracy, he said:

حال اب تک وہی ہیں فقیروں کے

دن پھرے ہیں فقط وزیروں کے

ہر بلاول ہے دیس کا مقروض

پاؤں ننگے ہیں بے نظیروں کے

Haal ab tak wahi hain faqiroan kay

Din phiray hain faqat waziroan kay

her Bilawal hai Dais ka maqrooz

paoon nangay hain Benazeeroan kay

The status of the poor is still the same

the days of the ministers have indeed changed

every Bilawal (name of the only son of Benazir Bhutto) of the country is under debt

while Benazirs (literally the poor) of the country walk without shoes

Death[link]

Habib Jalib died on March 12, 1993.

His family refused the offer of the then government to pay for his funeral expenses. Qateel Shifai expressed his sorrow and grief in these words:

اپنے سارے درد بھلا کر اوروں کے دکھ سہتا تھا

ہم جب غزلیں کہتے تھے وہ اکثر جیل میں رہتا تھا

آخر چلا ہی گیا وہ روٹھ کر ہم فرزانوں سے

وہ دیوانہ جس کو زمانہ جالب جالب کہتا تھا

Apney saarey dard bhula kar auron ke dukh sehta tha

Hum jub ghazlain kehtey thay wo aksar jail main rehta tha

Aakhir kaar chala hee gya wo rooth kar hum farzanoun se

Wo deewana jisko zamana Jalib Jalib kehta tha^[5]

Poetry[link]

Jalib’s poetry reflected his vision and approach to life. He never deviated from his chosen path. His love for humankind, his sympathy for the underdog and his passion for the fellow-beings were reflected in his verses. What is quite significant and somewhat rare in a poet who is also charged with political ideology is his capacity to suppress his anger against the injustices and tyrannies that he witnesses in life.

Jalib himself remained a victim of a cruel social order. He was imprisoned for some time after being wrongly implicated in various crimes.

With no regular source of income, he had a rootless existence, but he never considered compromising with his tormentors and coming to terms with established order. And yet Jalib’s poetry only reflects his anguish. It is not an expression of his anger or frustration. At times it is pensive, couched in sarcasm, but his typical soft melodious tone is always there. He believed that the Pakistani leaders should stop obeying the Westerners. His following poem reflects this.

فرنگی کا جو میں دربان ہوتا

تو جینا کس قدر آسان ہوتا

میرے بچے بھی امریکہ میں پڑھتے

میں ہر گرمی میں انگلستان ہوتا

مری انگلش بھی بلا کی چست ہوتی

بلا سے جو نہ میں اردو دان ہوتا

سر جھکاکے جو ہو جاتا 'سر' میں

تو لیڈر بھی عظیم الشان ہوتا

زمینیں میری ہر صوبے میں ہوتیں

میں واللہ صدرِ پاکستان ہوتا

Farangi ka jo main darbaan hota

Tho jeena kis kadar aasaan hota

Meray bachay bhi amreeka may parthay

Main Har garmi may main Inglistaan hota

Meree English bhi balaa ki chusth hotee

Balaa say jo na main Urdu-daan hota

Sar jhuka kay jo ho jaata sir main

Tho leader bhi azeem-u-shaan hota

Zameenain meree har soobay may hoteen

May wallah sadr-e-Pakistan hota

Some poems in his own voice

• ظلمت کو ضیا Zulmat Ko Zia
• قائدِ اعظم دیکھ رہے ہو اپنا پاکستان Quaid-e-Azam Dek Rahe Ho Apna Pakistan
• فرنگی کا جو میں دربان ہوتا Farangi Ka Jo May Darban Hota
• مزارے لغارے Mazaaray Laghaaray
• وطن کو کچھ نہیں خطرہ Wathan Ko Kuch Nahi Khathra
• یہ منصف بھی تو قیدی ہیں Ye Munsif Bhi Tho Qaidi Hain
• گل سن Gal Sun (Punjabi)
• میں نے اس سے یہ کہا Mein Ne Uss Se Yeh Kaha
• دستور - میں نہیں مانتا Dastoor (Main Nahi Manta)

Recent tributes[link]

Until the end of his life in 1993, Jalib remained a member of the Communist Party of Pakistan. In 1994, the Communist Party of Pakistan merged with the Mazdoor Kissan Party to form the Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party.

Two members of the Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party — Shahram Azhar and Taimur Rahman — launched a music video reciting Jalib's famous poem "Musheer Se" under the band title Laal, symbolizing Jalib's struggle for the workers and peasants.

Laal band remastered and remixed the revolutionary poem "Dastoor" in Habib Jalib's voice^[6] and included it in their 2009 album Umeed-e-Sahar.

On 23 March 2009, President of Pakistan has given the highest civil award (posthumously) to the legendary poet, which was received by his daughter.

Solo artist Umair Salim composed his poem "Dastoor" in a musical track to tribute the poet on his death anniversary in 2009, followed by a music video portraying Habib Jalib's life.^[7]

But as nation remembers this great poet, Pakistani channels have aired a story that Habib Jalib’s life partner is fighting with illness and she is deprived of the money President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister have announced for her. ^[8]

See also[link]

• Faiz Ahmed Faiz
• Communist Mazdoor Kissan Party
• Ahmed Faraz
• Mir Gul Khan Naseer
• Ustad Daman

Books[link]

• Sir-e-Maqtal
• Zikr Behte Khoon Ka
• Gumbad-e-Bedar
• Kulyaat e Habib Jalib
• Is Shehar-e-Kharabi Main
• Goshay Main Qafas K
• Harf-e-Haqq
• Harf-e-Sar-e-Daar
• Ehad-e-Sitam

References[link]

External links[link]

• Habib Jalib bio at WhoIsWho Pakistan
• Habib Jalib at the Internet Movie Database
• Habib Jalib at Kavita Kosh (Hindi font)
• Poetry of Defiance, Sung by Habib Jalib with translation in subtitles (Me Ne Us Se Ye Kaha, Zulmat ko Zia Kia Likhna, Jaag Mere Punjab, Zia Referendum)
• A collection of some of Jalib's poems
• Habib Jalib ( Great Poet of Pakistan ) Part 1'

Gopal Singh is a former Speaker of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He served as speaker in Janata Party rule from 25 September 1979 to 7 July 1980. Gopal Singh belongs to Rajput esrwhile Thakur family of Bhadrajun thikana. He currently looks after affairs of family heritage hotel ( a fort converted hotel)

He was MLA from Ahore in the Jalore district twice in 1977 and 1990.

References[link]

• Rajasthan Assembley

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Guru Nanak ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ
A rare Tanjore style painting from the late 19th century depicting the ten Sikh Gurus. Guru Nanak Dev is in the centre.
Born	15 April 1469 Nankana Sahib (now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Died	22 September 1539 Kartarpur, (now in Pakistan)
Ethnicity	Punjabi
Parents	Father: Kalu Mehta Mother: Mata Tripta

Guru Nanak ^[1] (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; Hindi: गुरु नानक, Urdu: گرونانک [ˈɡʊɾu ˈnɑnək] Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539 at Talwandi (present-day Pakistan)) was the founder of the religion of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

The Sikhs believe that all subsequent Gurus possessed Guru Nanak’s divinity and religious authority, and were named "Nanak" in the line of succession.

Early life[link]

Guru Nanak was born on 15 April 1469,^[2] now celebrated as Prakash Divas of Guru Nanak Dev, into a Hindu Khatri family in the village of Rāi Bhōi dī Talwandī, now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore, Pakistan.^[3] Today, his birthplace is marked by Gurdwara Janam Asthan. Some are of the opinion that 20 October is his enlightenment day rather than his birthday. His father, Kalyan Chand Das Bedi, popularly shortened to Kalu Mehta,^[4] was the patwari (accountant) of crop revenue for the village of Talwandi in the employment of a Muslim landlord of that area, Rai Bular Bhatti.^[5] Guru Nanak’s mother was Tripta Devi and he had one elder sister, Bibi Nanaki who became a spiritual figure in her own right.

Gurdwara Nankana Sahib, Pakistan

Nanaki married Jai Ram and went to his town of Sultanpur, where he was the steward (modi) to Daulat Khan Lodi, the eventual governor of Lahore. Guru Nanak was attached to his older sister, and, in traditional Indian fashion, he followed her to Sultanpur to live with her and her husband. Guru Nanak also found work with Daulat Khan, when he was around 16 years old. This was a formative time for Guru Nanak, as the Puratan Janam Sakhi suggests, and in his numerous allusions to governmental structure in his hymns, most likely gained at this time.^[6]

Commentaries on his life give details of his blossoming awareness from a young age. At the age of five, Guru Nanak is said to have voiced interest in divine subjects. At age seven, his father, Kalu Mehta, enrolled him at the village school as was the custom.^[7] Notable lore recounts that as a child Guru Nanak astonished his teacher by describing the implicit symbolism of the first letter of the alphabet, which is an almost straight stroke in Persian or Arabic, resembling the mathematical version of one, as denoting the unity or oneness of God.^[8] Other childhood accounts refer to strange and miraculous events about Guru Nanak witnessed by Rai Bular such as a poisonous cobra being seen to shield the sleeping child’s head from the harsh sunlight.

Biographies[link]

The earliest biographical sources on the life of Guru Nanak recognised today are the Janamsākhīs (life accounts) and the vārs (expounding verses) of the scribe Bhai Gurdas. The most popular Janamsākhī were allegedly written by a close companion of the Guru, Bhai Bala.^[9] However, the writing style and language employed have left scholars such as Max Arthur Macauliffe certain that they were composed after his death.^[10]

Bhai Gurdas, a purported scribe of the Gurū Granth Sahib, also wrote about Guru Nanak’s life in his vārs. Although these too were compiled some time after Guru Nanak’s time, they are less detailed than the Janamsākhīs. The Janamsākhīs recount in minute detail the circumstances of the birth of the guru. The Janamsakhis state that at his birth an astrologer, who came to write his horoscope, insisted on seeing the child. On seeing the infant, he is said to have worshipped him with clasped hands and remarked that "I regret that I shall never live to see young Guru Nanak as an adult.” he is the only one in the world can give you anything which you ask with ≥{{}}

Sikhism and travels[link]

Rai Bular, the local landlord and Guru Nanak’s sister Bibi Nanaki were the first people who recognised divine qualities in the boy. They encouraged and supported him to study and travel. Sikh tradition states that at around 1499, at the age of 30, he had a vision. After he failed to return from his ablutions, his clothes were found on the bank of a local stream called the Kali Bein. The townspeople assumed he had drowned in the river; Daulat Khan had the river dragged, but no body was found. Three days after disappearing, Guru Nanak reappeared, staying silent. The next day, he spoke to pronounce, "There is neither Hindu nor Mussulman (Muslim) so whose path shall I follow? I shall follow God's path. God is neither Hindu nor Mussulman and the path which I follow is God's."^[6] Guru Nanak said that he had been taken to God's court. There, he was offered a cup filled with amrit (nectar) and given the command "This is the cup of the adoration of God's name. Drink it. I am with you. I bless you and raise you up. Whoever remembers you will enjoy my favour. Go, rejoice of my name and teach others to do so. I have bestowed the gift of my name upon you. Let this be your calling." From this point onwards, Nanak is described in accounts as a Guru, and Sikhism was born.^[11]

Although the exact account of his itinerary is disputed, he is widely acknowledged to have made four major journeys, spanning thousands of kilometres, the first tour being east towards Bengal and Assam, the second south towards Tamil Nadu, the third north towards Kashmir, Ladakh, and Tibet, and the final tour west towards Baghdad, Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula.^[12]

Guru Nanak crossed into Arunachal Pradesh and visited most of the part. First while going to Lhasa (Tibet) he passed through Tawang after crossing from Bhutan and entered Tibet from Samdurang Chu. He returned from Lhasa and went to the famous monastery Samye and entered Pemoshubu Menchukha in Arunachal Pradesh. He meditated for some time at this location. From Menchukha he went back to Tibet, brought the residents of Southern Tibet and got them settled in Menchukha. Thereafter through Gelling and Tuiting he proceeded to Saidya and Braham-Kund, before entering the state of Assam again. Guru Nanak is the founder of the Sikh religion.

Personal life[link]

Guru Nanak was married to Mata Sulakhni at about 16 years of age.^[6] His marriage to her took place in the town of Batala. The marriage party had come from the town of Sultanpur Lodhi. The couple had two sons, Sri Chand and Lakhmi Chand.

Succession[link]

Guru Nanak appointed Bhai Lehna as the successor Guru, renaming him as Guru Angad, meaning "one’s very own" or "part of you". Shortly after proclaiming Bhai Lehna as his succesor, Guru Nanak Dev died on 22 September 1539 in Kartarpur, at the age of 70.^[13]

Teachings[link]

Guru Nanak’s teachings can be found in the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib, as a vast collection of revelatory verses recorded in Gurmukhi.

From these some common principles seem discernible. Firstly a supreme Godhead who although incomprehensible, manifests in all major religions, the Singular "Doer" and formless. It is described as the indestructible (undying) form.

Guru Nanak describes the dangers of the Egotism (haumai- "I am") and calls upon devotees to engage in worship through the word of God (Naam, implies God, the Reality, mystical word or formula to recite or meditate upon (shabad in Gurbani), divine order (hukam) and at places divine teacher (guru) and guru’s instructions)^[14] and singing of God’s qualities, discarding doubt in the process. However, such worship must be selfless (sewa). The word of God, cleanses the individual to make such worship possible. This is related to the revelation that God is the Doer and without God there is no other. Guru Nanak warned against hypocrisy and falsehood saying that these are pervasive in humanity and that religious actions can also be in vain. It may also be said that ascetic practices are disfavoured by Guru Nanak who suggests remaining inwardly detached whilst living as a householder.

Through popular tradition, Guru Nanak’s teaching is understood to be practised in three ways:

• Vaṇḍ Chakkō: Sharing with others, helping those with less who are in need
• Kirat Karō: Earning/making a living honestly, without exploitation or fraud
• Naam Japna: Chanting the Holy Name and thus remembering God at all times (ceaseless devotion to God)

Guru Nanak put the greatest emphasis on the worship of the Word of God (Naam Japna).^[14] One should follow the direction of awakened individuals (Gurmukh or God willed) rather than the mind (state of Manmukh- being led by Self will)- the latter being perilous and leading only to frustration.

Reforms that occurred in the institution and both Godhead and Devotion, are seen as transcending any religious consideration or divide, as God is not separate from any individual.

See also[link]

• Life of Guru Nanak through Pictures

References[link]

External links[link]

• Guru Nanak Dev Ji
• First Sikh Guru Nanak Dev Ji
• Singh, Kirpal (First edition March 2004). "Janamsakhi Tradition - An Analaytical Study". globalsikhstudies.net. http://www.globalsikhstudies.net/pdf/janamsakhi.pdf. Retrieved 29 November 2010. 
• Guru Nanak by Jyotsna Kamat
• http://www.youtube.com/user/GAGANJAKHU#p/u/14/MdPutY2H3ko
• http://www.sikhnugget.com/2010/09/new-documentary-on-guru-nanak.html
• Shree Guru Nanak Dev Quotes in English and Hindi

Sardar Ali Takkar (Pashto: سردار علي ټکر, born 15 July 1956) is a Pashto music singer, who is mostly famous for singing the revolutionary poetry of Ghani Khan. A mechanical engineer by profession, Takkar is a graduate of the University of Engineering and Technology in Peshawar, Pakistan. In recognition of his services to the field of music, the President of Pakistan had bestowed upon him the Pride of Performance Award.

Education[link]

Takkar was born in 1956 at Takkar village (Takht Bhai) in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He passed his matric examination from his village school. He did his intermediate from Government College Mardan. He completed his graduation in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar. Aside from this he has also attended special courses in U.K and Canada.

Early Singing Career[link]

His university life provided him more chances to exhibit his hidden talent. Initially he presented his skills before his friends, in different musical programmes in the University. But in 1982 when Yar Muhammad Maghmum, a professor at the historic Edwardes College Peshawar, wanted to celebrate an evening with the legendary philosopher and poet Ghani Khan, but was unable to find a singer who was ready to meet the challenge of putting Ghani's poetry to music. When Takkar became aware of this, he agreed to sing in that programme. Some people also recorded this programme on audio cassette, which got so much prominence that music stores started selling it on a regular basis. In this way, his debut album (solely based on Ghani khan's poetry) touched the market incidentally.

Pakistan Television[link]

It was in those days when a program for youths named "Zalmey Kool" (Young Generation) used to broadcast from the Radio Pakistan. Takkar for the first time not only played different instruments but also sang two ghazals in that program. After that, he also had the opportunity to record a program at the Peshawar Center of Pakistan Television Vision (PTV).

Soviet War in Afghanistan[link]

In 1984, Takkar left for Afghanistan. His stay in Afghanistan helped him become able to sing the poetry of those poets who were banned in Pakistan and his singing from Afghanistan also brought him prominence back at home. In recognition of his unforgettable services to Pashto music, the government of Pakistan awarded him with the Pride of Performance. He is also a recipient of numerous awards and certificates from a number of cultural organizations.

References[link]

• A Profile of Sardar Ali Takkar

Sardar Ali Takkar Songs (pukhtosongs.com)