The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (Uzbek: Xorazm Xalq Sho'ro Jumhuriyati; Russian: Хорезмская Народная Советская Республика, Khorezmskaya Narodnaya Sovetskaya Respublika) was created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in February 1920, when the khan abdicated in response to popular pressure, and officially declared by the First Khorezm Kurultay (Assembly) on 26 April 1920. On 20 October 1923, it was transformed into the Khorezm Socialist Soviet Republic (Russian: Хорезмская ССР, Khorezmskaya SSR).
On 27 October 1924 the Khorezm SSR was divided between Uzbek and Turkmen SSRs and the Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast as part of the delimitation of Central Asia according to nationalities.