The
Chernobyl disaster
was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26
April 1986 at the
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in
Ukraine (officially
Ukrainian SSR), which was under the direct jurisdiction of the central
Moscow's authorities. An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive contamination into the atmosphere, which spread over much of
Western USSR and
Europe. It is considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history atleast until Fukushima, and is one of only three classified as a level 7 event on the
International Nuclear Event Scale (the other being the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster).
The battle to contain the contamination and avert a greater catastrophe ultimately involved over
500,
000 workers and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles, crippling the
Soviet economy.
The disaster began during a systems test on Saturday, 26 April 1986 at reactor number four of the
Chernobyl plant, which is near the city of
Prypiat and within a close proximity to the administrative border with
Belarus and
Dnieper river. There was a sudden power output surge, and when an emergency shutdown was attempted, a more extreme spike in power output occurred, which led to a reactor vessel rupture and a series of explosions. These events exposed the graphite moderator of the reactor to air, causing it to ignite.
The resulting fire sent a plume of highly radioactive smoke fallout into the atmosphere and over an extensive geographical area, including
Pripyat. The plume drifted over large parts of the western
Soviet Union and Europe. From
1986 to
2000, 350,400 people were evacuated and resettled from the most severely contaminated areas of Belarus,
Russia, and Ukraine.
According to official post-Soviet data, about 60% of the fallout landed in Belarus.
The accident raised concerns about the safety of the
Soviet nuclear power industry, as well as nuclear power in general, slowing its expansion for a number of years and forcing the
Soviet government to become less secretive about its procedures.
The government coverup of the Chernobyl disaster was a "catalyst" for glasnost, which "paved the way for reforms leading to the
Soviet collapse."
Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus have been burdened with the continuing and substantial decontamination and health care costs of the
Chernobyl accident. A report of the
International Atomic Energy Agency,
examines the environmental consequences of the accident. Estimates of the number of deaths potentially resulting from the accident vary enormously:
Thirty one deaths are directly attributed to the accident, all among the reactor staff and emergency workers.
A
UNSCEAR report places the total confirmed deaths from radiation at 64 as of 2008.
The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests it could reach 4,000 civilian deaths, a figure which does not include military clean-up worker casualties.
A
2006 report predicted 30,000 to 60,000 cancer deaths as a result of
Chernobyl fallout.
A
Greenpeace report puts this figure at
200,000 or more. A
Russian publication, Chernobyl, concludes that 985,000 premature cancer deaths occurred worldwide between 1986 and 2004 as a result of radioactive contamination from Chernobyl.
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- published: 17 Sep 2011
- views: 103931