B12

B12 most often refers to:

B12 or B-12 may also refer to:

Biology

Entertainment

Transportation

List of bus routes in Brooklyn

The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) operates a number of bus routes in Brooklyn, New York, United States; one minor route is privately operated under a city franchise. Many of them are the direct descendants of streetcar lines (see list of streetcar lines in Brooklyn); the ones that started out as bus routes were almost all operated by the Brooklyn Bus Corporation, a subsidiary of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, until the New York City Board of Transportation took over on June 5, 1940. Of the 55 local Brooklyn routes operated by the New York City Transit Authority, roughly 35 are the direct descendants of one or more streetcar lines, and most of the others were introduced in full or in part as new bus routes by the 1930s. Only the eastern section of the B82 (then the B50), the B83, and the B84 were created by New York City Transit from scratch, in 1978, 1966, and 2013, respectively.

List of routes

This table gives details for the routes prefixed with "B" - in other words, those considered to run primarily in Brooklyn by the MTA. For details on routes with other prefixes, see the following articles:

Caro–Kann Defence

The Caro–Kann Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

The Caro–Kann is a common defense against the King's Pawn Opening and is classified as a "Semi-Open Game" like the Sicilian Defence and French Defence, although it is thought to be more solid and less dynamic than either of those openings. It often leads to good endgames for Black, who has the better pawn structure.

History

The opening is named after the English player Horatio Caro and the Austrian player Marcus Kann who analysed it in 1886. Kann scored an impressive 17-move victory with the Caro–Kann Defence against German-British chess champion Jacques Mieses at the 4th German Chess Congress in Hamburg in May 1885:

Main line: 2.d4 d5

The usual continuation is

followed by 3.Nc3 (Classical and Modern variations), 3.exd5 (Exchange Variation), 3.e5 (Advance Variation), or 3.Nd2 (almost always same as 3.Nc3). The classical variation (3.Nc3) has gained much popularity.

3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4

Classical Variation: 4...Bf5

Phrase

In everyday speech, a phrase may be any group of words, often carrying a special idiomatic meaning; in this sense it is roughly synonymous with expression. In linguistic analysis, a phrase is a group of words (or possibly a single word) that functions as a constituent in the syntax of a sentence—a single unit within a grammatical hierarchy. A phrase appears within a clause, although it is also possible for a phrase to be a clause or to contain a clause within it.

Common and technical use

There is a difference between the common use of the term phrase and its technical use in linguistics. In common usage, a phrase is usually a group of words with some special idiomatic meaning or other significance, such as "all rights reserved", "economical with the truth", "kick the bucket", and the like. It may be a euphemism, a saying or proverb, a fixed expression, a figure of speech, etc.

In grammatical analysis, particularly in theories of syntax, a phrase is any group of words, or sometimes a single word, which plays a particular role within the grammatical structure of a sentence. It does not have to have any special meaning or significance, or even exist anywhere outside of the sentence being analyzed, but it must function there as a complete grammatical unit. For example, in the sentence Yesterday I saw an orange bird with a white neck, the words an orange bird with a white neck form what is called a noun phrase, or a determiner phrase in some theories, which functions as the object of the sentence.

Renaissance Learning

Renaissance Learning Inc. (RLI) is an educational assessment and learning analytics company that makes cloud-based educational software for use in Kindergarten through 12th grade. In 2011, the company was purchased by Permira. Renaissance Learning acquired Skynet, an instructional e-reading platform in 2013. Google Capital made a $40 million investment in the company at a $1 billion valuation in 2014. In March 2014 it was reported that private equity firm Hellman & Friedman was acquiring Renaissance Learning for $1.1 billion in cash.

History

Accelerated Reader, the company's flagship product, was created in 1985 by Judith and Terrance "Terry" Paul, who founded the company in 1986 under the name "Advantage Learning Systems" (ALS). The company's name changed to "Renaissance Learning, Inc." (RLI) in 2001. At one time, the couple owned about 75% of RLI. In August 2011 the company was bought by the British company Permira. As of October 16, 2011, Renaissance Learning was no longer traded as a public company.

KNOW-FM

KNOW-FM (91.1 FM) is the flagship radio station of Minnesota Public Radio's "news and information" network, primarily broadcasting a talk radio format to the Minneapolis-St. Paul market. The frequency had previously gone under the call sign KSJN, but the purchase of a commercial station at 99.5 MHz in 1991 allowed MPR to broadcast distinct talk radio and classical music services.

History

WLOL (1330 AM) was purchased by MPR in 1980 and carried the KSJN call sign until 1989 when the KNOW letters became available. The AM signal was later spun off into a for-profit subsidiary to help fund the public broadcaster, and was eventually sold off. The station has since reverted to their original WLOL call sign.

In the 1970s, KSJN 91.1 FM and WLOL (99.5 FM) cooperated in an experimental use of quadraphonic stereo, with each station carrying two channels of audio. However, this "quadcast" had some undesirable "ping-pong" effects, much like early stereo broadcasts using the same method did. Somewhat ironically, KNOW currently broadcasts primarily in monaural as its schedule is not music-focused.