Pomaks (Bulgarian: Помаци Pomatsi, Turkish: Pomaklar, Greek: Πομάκοι Pomáki) is a term used for a Slavic Muslim population native to some parts of Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Albania and Kosovo. The Pomaks speak Bulgarian as their native language, also referred to in Greece and Turkey as Pomak language. Some of them are fluent in Turkish, Albanian, and Greek as a second language. The origin of the Pomaks has been debated, but they are today usually considered descendants of native Bulgarians who converted to Islam during the Ottoman rule of the Balkans. Different members of the group today declare a variety of ethnic identities: Bulgarian, Pomak,Muslim, Turkish, Albanian and others.

The Pomaks in Bulgaria are referred to as Bulgarian Muslims (българи-мюсюлмани bălgari-myusyulmani), and under the locally used names Ahryani, Torbeshi, etc. They mainly inhabit the Rhodope Mountains in Smolyan Province, Kardzhali Province, Pazardzhik Province and Blagoevgrad Province. There are Pomaks in other parts of Bulgaria as well. There are a few Pomak villages in Burgas Province, Lovech Province, Veliko Tarnovo Province and Ruse Province. According to the 2001 census there are 131 531 Muslim Bulgarians in Bulgaria. During the 20th century the Pomaks in Bulgaria were the subject of three state-supported assimilation campaigns - in 1912, the 1940s and the 1960s and 1970s which included the change of their Turkish-Arabic names to ethnic Bulgarian ones and in the first campaign conversions from Islam to Eastern Orthodoxy. The first two campaigns were abandoned after a few years, while the second was reversed in 1989. The campaigns were carried out with the justification that the Pomaks as ancestral Bulgarians who had been converted to Islam by force and who therefore needed to be repatriated back to the Bulgarian national domain. These attempts were met with stiff resistance by some Pomaks.