Norse clans

The Scandinavian clan or ætt/ätt (pronounced [ˈæːtː] in Old Norse) was a social group based on common descent.

History

In the absence of a police force, the clan was the primary force of security in Norse society, as the clansmen were obliged by honour to avenge one another. The Norse clan was not tied to a certain territory in the same way as a Scottish clan, where the chief owned the territory. The land of the Scandinavian clan was owned by the individuals who had close neighbours from other clans. The name of the clan was derived from that of its ancestor, often with the addition of an -ung or -ing ending. The original meaning of ætt/ätt seems to have simply been "those who are related". A person could technically belong to several clans, but usually the identification of a individual came with ancestry of most prestige. Therefore, through mostly the exeption to the rule, a clan could have materilinial name if the descent of the ancestral mother was considered more important than the father. Family names where not in used, instead patronyms and materonyms where used, likewise depending on the favoured ancestry. Therefore the clan names reflected the common descent of family groups.