positions were clear - pornography was generally frowned upon, left men were instructed to eschew strip clubs and especially prostitutes. The ISO (International Socialists) when I first joined were known to walk out of restaurants if there was a belly dancer and some members argued strongly that even drag queens were sexist and should be shunned. Sexist advertising was regularly attacked with graffiti.
But Jill Sparrow has observed a change. The leftists she knows have now embraced the very things they once opposed so fiercely. She quotes the American feminist, Ariel Levy, who has noticed the same thing happening in her social set in the US:
Some odd things were happening in my social life too. People I knew (female people) liked going to strip clubs (female strippers). It was sexy and fun, they explained; it was liberating and rebellious. My best friend from college, who used to go to Take Back the Night marches on campus, had become captivated by porn stars.
Jill Sparrow herself is not sure how to respond to this shift in values on the left. She writes:
what's interested me is the way in which activities that I would have once uncompromisingly condemned as sexist now seem to be increasingly difficult to categorise. I honestly couldn't work out whether there was something wrong in going to a strip club these days when so many women and men I know do so.
Someone recently told me about a workshop he attended on family violence, where participants were asked to say whether they agreed on or disagreed that it was wrong to use pornography and whether it was wrong to visit a prostitute - and I found when raising these issues with others that the Left no longer seems to have a framework to even attempt to answer such questions.
So the radical left failed to hold the line on sex. The leftist version of a sexual ethics wasn't adequate in the real world; it collapsed into its opposite, leaving behind no clear way to understand how such issues ought to be addressed.
Why? One reason is that the left is generally part of the liberal orthodoxy, and a key principle of this orthodoxy is that we become human when we are self-determining.
This means that the underlying aim of a liberal politics will be to "liberate" the individual from anything "external" which impedes what he can do or be.
Therefore, there is a bias in a liberal society, in which breaking down moral taboos is assumed to be progressive and emancipated, rather than transgressive and destructive.
So it was always going to be difficult for the left to maintain its own moral taboos on sex; notice that Ariel Levy's friends justified going to strip clubs on the basis that it was "liberating and rebellious" - this is simply the underlying ethos of liberalism reasserting itself within a left-wing milieu.
Then there is the issue of choice. Liberalism claims that the key thing is to be self-determining; therefore, liberals often take as their guiding moral principle the idea that individuals should choose to do whatever they wish as long as it doesn't directly harm others.
So individual choice is what matters: if an action is something that I choose to do as an individual, then it is morally legitimate.
This approach to morality, though, is once again fatal to the efforts by leftists to maintain their own taboos on sex. After all, a prostitute might argue that she is freely choosing to engage in sex work; a woman might argue that it is her choice to visit strip clubs.
If women are choosing such things, and individual choice is what matters morally, then how can a moral taboo be defended? At best you might argue that a particular choice is inauthentic, that it is not what the person really wants but is a product of some kind of manipulation. This argument, though, can't survive the simple comeback, of someone reasserting that their choice really is authentically their own.
Finally, there is the distinctively left-wing twist to the basic ideas of liberalism. Leftists, more than other liberals, emphasise the idea of relationships of power within a society.
If what matters is that I self-determine, then it's important that I have the power to do so. Yet, there appears to be an inequality between differing classes of society in the wielding of power. This, conclude the leftists, must be due to one class of society deliberately taking power away from another oppressed class.
The dominant, privileged class is believed to maintain an inequality of power by a systematic discrimination, which shapes the way a society works. For feminists, the basic dynamic is between men as a dominant class who maintain power over women through a sexist discrimination.
Therefore, when left-wing feminists reject pornography or prostitution, they tend to do so by claiming that such things represent a sexist discrimination, which reflects male power over women.
There are problems, though, with using this framework to hold together a sexual ethics.
First, women who choose to engage in the sex industry can claim that they are being "empowered" by doing so: that they are doing it in terms of their own self-assertion and self-actualisation, rather than in terms of what men want of them.
Second, if women increasingly run the industry, it becomes more difficult to sell the idea that it exists in order to maintain a male power over women.
Third, if there are female strip shows and porn and the like for men, but also male strips shows and porn and the like for women, it's difficult to oppose such things as "discriminatory" - particularly if women make up an increasing section of the market.
So the cry of "sexism" hasn't been adequate in practice to uphold the earlier left-wing objections to pornography and prostitution.
What then might have held the line? What kind of framework do conservatives look to in considering these matters?
This, I think, requires a serious discussion of its own, so I'll tackle this question in the next post.
MARK SAID:
ReplyDelete”For feminists, the basic dynamic is between men as a dominant class who maintain power over women through a sexist discrimination.”
This is a typical ‘straw-man’ that feminists use. Just because women ‘say’ something existed, doesn’t mean it did. Often, once feminism has achieved a certain goal they continue to progress a female bias way beyond reasonable justification. (read: University quotas, where women are now in greater numbers but nothing is being done to bring the numbers down to a 50/50 parity).
Their mantra is generally:
“We were oppressed by men and demand X because we are strong women now.
Now that we have X, we want concessions to make up for our (theoretical) past oppressions. Also, don’t forget, we’re (y’know) girls, so be nice to us. *giggle, *giggle.”
MARK SAID:
” Third, if there are female strip shows and porn and the like for men, but also male strips shows and porn and the like for women, it's difficult to oppose such things as "discriminatory" - particularly if women make up an increasing section of the market.”
Most women (feminists) will argue that female pornography/erotica is sophisticated & mature, while men’s is disgusting and abhorrent. It’s simply a double-standard whichever way you look at it. It is the social acceptance of looking at ONLY the female point-of-view as legitimate. Whether it’s relationships, pornography, sex, etc – ALL seems to be judged by the feminist/female perspective. Why? Why can’t there be a masculine point of view? Why is my visceral reaction to sex wrong? Why are my ideas wrong?
Coming from a movement (feminism) that purports to espouse ‘equality’ – it seems to me unfathomable, the depths to which they make excuses for their own acts (morally & ethically) that they themselves would find abhorrent if done by the opposite sex. Feminism is the socially accepted theory that gives women most of the rights, while men still have most of the responsibility. Feminists want concessions. The good stuff. They don’t want to ‘give’ much of anything themselves. They want to be waited on hand-&-foot (indefinitely) for all the (perceived) injustices they’ve received historically.
It’s rubbish.
Feminism is a wider social force, derived from a personal female one. Namely, to change men (and thus society) to conform to their ever-changing desires. Just as in the smaller relationships of man-women, a woman will attempt to change (nag) a man to do everything she wants – so too is this selfishness apparent in a broader ‘societal’ sense (now that society has become her surrogate spouse), now that she has been given (and encouraged) to be un-attached to men.
Feminists can have their mess – but I’m not taking out the garbage any longer.
Bobby.N
Mark;
ReplyDeleteThere is something wrong with this blogg.
We can only post under 'anonymous' and not 'other'.
Perhaps your identity thing has been hacked?
Gadget.
Yeah maybe not too, cause bobbyn got through
ReplyDeleteOK, this is a test to see if I can comment under "other".
ReplyDeleteI can. Let me know, though, if you continue to have a problem.
ReplyDeleteFeminists believe in the power of words. That is why they are so desperate to change the language, leading to such clumsy and absurd locutions as "female actor".
ReplyDeleteLikewise they believe that things can be changed by renaming them. Once they realise they have lost a debate, for example on erotica in society, they simply "declare victory" and move on. So, if women become strippers, or dress like tarts in the street, or go pole-dancing, this is defined by feminists as "empowerment".
Similarly, if young women like dressing up as pom pom girls and cheerleading in feminine support of male athletes, the girls are redefined in feminist style as highly-trained athletes themselves. Or, in the case of pretty iceskaters doing graceful, feminine routines, the feminist commentator will focus on how hard the girls warming up exercises are! Anything to divert attention from the obvious.
Western feminists frequently remind me of those young middle eastern fighters one sees on TV who, after getting soundly whipped militarily, retreat with a great show of defiance, cheering and firing their weapons.
A poorly researched piece of polemic, Mark.
ReplyDeleteYour fatal flaw is to attempt to define feminism as single entity, which of course it isn't. There are large groups of feminists who defend porn, and equally large groups who revile it. This doesn't invalidate either side, as each have a rationale, merely highlights that Liberalism allows for varying points of view. You think you're attacking a weakness, but you've actually gone straight for the strength.
At best you might argue that a particular choice is inauthentic, that it is not what the person really wants but is a product of some kind of manipulation. This argument, though, can't survive the simple comeback, of someone reasserting that their choice really is authentically their own.
Another frighteningly ignorant statement, and one that I've addressed recently in one of my blog posts.
Alex says,
ReplyDelete"Your fatal flaw is to attempt to define feminism as single entity, which of course it isn't."
If "it" isn't a single entity then "feminism" must be at least two entities if not more. Why then do we call "it" (single entity) feminism? Why do we use a single label to attempt to define that which can't be defined. In other words, feminism is meaningless? Is this the jist of your argument, Alex?
Liberalism is heterogenous, therefore it can never be attacked as invalid or contradictory?
ReplyDeleteTalk about petitio principii.
ALEX SAID:
ReplyDelete“Your fatal flaw is to attempt to define feminism as single entity, which of course it isn't…………… Another frighteningly ignorant statement, and one that I've addressed recently in one of my blog posts.”
Just because you use double-adjectives to make your statements ‘louder’, doesn’t mean the statements hold much water. Feminism can’t expect to be taken seriously if it ‘bands together’ for it's causes (as in ‘strength by numbers’), then claims to be a ‘straw-man’ when it has to take responsibility for it’s ideals and actions.
Put another way; Media & culture uses (quite comfortably and righteously) the term ‘feminism’ as an umbrella to encompass the pillars of beliefs that provide concessions for women, but then claims it’s ‘too complex’ or ‘diverse’ to be accountable (ie. “I didn’t do it”) when responsibility has to be taken for the mess.
Bobby.N
Alex, I'm not sure I can add much to the criticism your comment has already received from Bobby, Shane and Thordaddy.
ReplyDeleteLike the others, I find your argument evasive. It's as if you're trying to employ a tactic to make yourself more invisible as a target, rather than openly defending the real consequences of your politics.