The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the
Tripartite Aggression,
Suez War (
Arabic: أزمة
السويس -- العدوان الثلاثي
ʾAzmat al-Sūwais / al-ʿIdwān al-Thalāthī;
French:
Crise du canal de Suez;
Hebrew:
מבצע קדש
Mivtza' Kadesh "
Operation Kadesh," or
מלחמת סיני Milẖemet
Sinai, "
Sinai War") was an offensive war fought by
France, the
United Kingdom, and
Israel against
Egypt beginning on
29 October 1956.
Less than a day after Israel invaded Egypt,
Britain and France issued a joint ultimatum to Egypt and Israel,
and then began to bomb
Cairo. In a short time, and despite
Israeli and
British denials, considerable evidence showed that the two attacks were planned in collusion, with France as the instigator, Britain as a belated partner, and Israel as the willing trigger. Anglo-French forces withdrew before the end of the year, but
Israeli forces remained until March
1957, prolonging the crisis. In April, the canal was fully reopened to shipping, but other repercussions continued.
The attack followed the
President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser's decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the
Suez Canal, after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the
United States to fund the building of the
Aswan Dam, which was in response to Egypt's new ties with the
Soviet Union and recognizing the
People's Republic of China during the height of tensions between
China and Taiwan. The nationalisation was in violation of the agreement he had signed with the United Kingdom and France on
19 October 1954. The aims of the attack were primarily to regain
Western control of the canal and precipitate the fall of
Nasser from power, whose policies were viewed as potentially threatening the strategic interests of the three nations.
The three allies, especially Israel, were mainly successful in attaining their immediate military objectives, but pressure from the United States and the
USSR at the
United Nations and elsewhere forced them to withdraw. As a result of the outside pressure Britain and France failed in their political and strategic aims of controlling the canal and removing Nasser from power. Israel fulfilled some of its objectives, such as attaining freedom of navigation through the
Straits of Tiran. As a result of the conflict, the
UNEF would police the Egyptian--Israeli border to prevent both sides from recommencing hostilities.
Some sources contend that the
Crisis began on 26 July with the nationalisation of the
Canal, and that the military actions by Britain, France and Israel were their response to the Crisis.
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic:
جمال عبد الناصر حسين,
IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn];
15 January 1918 --
28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death. A colonel in the
Egyptian army, Nasser led the
Egyptian Revolution of 1952 along with
Muhammad Naguib, the first president, which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and
Sudan, and heralded a new period of modernization, and socialist reform in Egypt together with a profound advancement of pan-Arab nationalism, including a short-lived union with
Syria.
Nasser is seen as one of the most important political figures in both modern
Arab history and politics in the
20th century. Under his leadership, Egypt nationalized the
Suez Canal Company and came to play a central role in anti-imperialist efforts in the
Arab World and
Africa. The imposed ending to the
Suez Crisis made him a hero throughout the
Arab world. He was also instrumental in the establishment of the international
Non-Aligned Movement. He is well known for his nationalist policies and version of pan-Arabism, also referred to as Nasserism, which won a great following in the Arab World during the
1950s and
1960s. Although his status as "leader of the
Arabs" was badly damaged by the Israeli victory over the
Arab armies in the
Six-Day War, as well as Egypt's failure to win the subsequent
War of Attrition against Israel, many in the general Arab population still view Nasser as a
symbol of Arab dignity and freedom
.
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This video was taken from (thefilmarchived)
- published: 22 Jan 2013
- views: 4392