- published: 16 Feb 2017
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In this video:
“Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road vehicles in the U.S. in 1995.
Want the text version?: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/11/why-lead-used-to-be-added-to-gasoline/
Sources:
http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead?page=full
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lead-poisoning/FL00068
http://science.howstuffworks.com/gasoline1.htm
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h2j0TzmQV86Pjh8gpDk11BQzT_Zg?docId=fa60a04afec342729f7a64020bda6325
http://www.chemcases.com/tel/
http://www.imperialclub.com/Repair/Lit/Master/291/page13.htm
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/bal/development.html
http://www.myessentia.com/blog/blog/2011/10/30/united-nations-doing-away-with-leaded-gasoline/
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still, for 60 years thousands of tons of lead was spread, causing damage to our IQ levels. Lead from gasoline has, literally, made a lot of us a bit dimmer.
This ½h documentary is part of the international awarded series "Late Lessons from Early Warnings" which explores how we have been able to respond to warnings about the hazards posed by some of the greatest technological innovations of the last century.
We have not always been that successful.
Directed and produced by Jakob Gottshau, Express TV Production
Photography: Michael Daugaard
Film Editing: Jesper Osmund
Music: Niels Mosumgaard
Narration: Brian Patterson
Year of Production: 2006
Watch more: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bz8IFlfcBZ0ocmhDUGpHRnU5TTA/edit?usp=sharing
- published: 16 Sep 2013
- views: 17337
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varieties.
NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxI1-VhESsg
Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive, via a marketing/sales agreement with Octel Corporation (now known as Innospec).
Founded in 1923[1] Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (ESSO). General Motors had the "use patent" for TEL as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., and ESSO had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own and Ethyl started running its own operations.
In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation" owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time.
The Ethyl corporation expanding and diversifying during the 1970s and 1980s in response to the gradual decline of the market for TEL as the automotive industry shifted to unleaded gasoline. In the late 1980s Ethyl began to spin off a number of divisions. The aluminum, plastics, and energy units became Tredegar Corporation in 1989. In 1993, it spun off its life insurance company, First Colony Life, and then in 1994, the specialty chemicals business was spun off as an independent, publicly traded company named Albemarle Corporation.
In 2004, Ethyl Corporation changed its name to NewMarket Corporation, the parent company of Afton Chemical Corporation, manufacturer of lubricant and fuel additives, and Ethyl Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of certain fuel additives, including tetraethyllead, which is no longer allowed in fuel for on-highway vehicles, but is still used in aviation gasoline and some racing gasolines, for which there is no alternative to TEL which provides its advantages.
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead has been recognized as a contributor to soil, air and water lead pollution, and is toxic to humans. Lead pollution has increased by over 625 times previous levels in the past century due partly to pollution by leaded fuel. Ethyl Corporation historically denied that tetraethyllead poses significant public health risks in excess of those associated with gasoline itself.
Tetraethyllead was supplied for blending with raw gasoline in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which blended tetraethyllead with the lead scavengers 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Ethyl fluid contained a dye which would distinguish treated gasoline from untreated gasoline and discourage the diversion of gasoline for other purposes, such as cleaning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead (common name tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb. Its mixing with gasoline (petrol)as an inexpensive additive beginning in the 1920s allowed octane ratings and thus engine compression to be boosted significantly, increasing power and fuel economy. TEL was phased out in view of the toxicity of lead and its deleterious effect on catalytic converters. It is still used as an additive in aviation fuel for piston engine-powered aircraft...
- published: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 9816
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from the 1950s film, Mechanical Engineering at duPont .
- published: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 7573
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
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- published: 19 Jan 2015
- views: 256
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
- published: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle.
A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public health fight was forgotten by the 1980s, and nearly identical arguments were replayed in public, scientific and governmental arenas. However, this time TEL, the industry lostthe fight. The TEL controversy is a good example of Santayana¹s famous aphorism: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This clip is from the 1948 US Bureau of Mines film, the Story of Gasoline.
- published: 30 Mar 2013
- views: 2204
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy over the phase-out of leaded gasoline is familiar to most people, since the transition to unleaded fuel occurred less than 20 years ago. The early 20th century controversy over the introduction of Ethyl brand leaded gasoline is not well known. A longstanding policy question of great importance has been whether technology is best shaped by private or by public interests. We are inundated with reasons to deregulate technology today, but the Ethyl conflict provides a cautionary tale about what happens when there is a vacuum of regulation. "Ethyl" brand leaded gasoline, a higher octane gasoline sold between 1923 and 1986, is now banned in most nations for public health reasons. Ethyl leaded gasoline is the confusing brand name choice for which was an anti-knock (octane boosting) gasoline additive discovered by General Motors researchers and introduced commercially in Ohio in 1923. Ethyl is also the corporate name of the joint GM-Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon) venture established in 1924 to market the additive. Since GM was 38 percent owned by the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours at the time, there were initially three partners. The general public first learned of TEL in late October,1924 when half a dozen workers went violently insane and then died, apparently from a mysterious poison they were making at a Standard oil refinery in New Jersey. When it became clear that this poison was being put into gasoline, and that other workers had died in similar refineries, a vehement public health controversy broke out. GM and Standard insisted that TEL was only dangerous in concentrated form at the refinery, not when diluted in gasoline. But public health scientists, including Dr. Alice Hamilton of Harvard, said it was an important public health question and insisted that safer alternatives should be used. An expert committee in January 1926, issued a report stating that there was "no good grounds for prohibiting the use of Ethyl gasoline," provided that its own investigation was not allowed to lapse. In fact, no independent investigations were continued, although Ethyl financed decades of research through the University of Cincinnati. In 1965 and 1966, scholarship and Congressional testimony, especially from Clair Patterson, a California Institute of Technology geochemist, showed that Ethyl's Cincinnati research was based on questionable and probably fabricated data. In 1972 the Environmental Protection Agency began a regulatory process that phased out leaded gasoline. Many studies, especially early studies by Herbert Needleman and associates, found children highly affected by leaded gasoline. The phase out process took until 1986 in the US, another 15 years in Europe and is still underway in most developing nations. The toxic effects of lead include damage to the nervous system, learning impairments and behavioral problems. High lead levels in many urban areas are from leaded gasoline more than lead paint. Concerns about damage from widespread lead poisoning turned out to have been justified, as Henderson, Hamilton and others foresaw in 1925. The story of their public health advocacy, especially with its emphasis on alternative technologies, deserves to be remembered. This description is primarily from the 2003 article, Ethyl: The 1920s Environmental Conflict Over Leaded Gasoline and Alternative Fuels, by William Kovarik, Ph.D. Read the entire article at http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/papers/ethylconflict.html#abs . Read a detailed account of this tragic history in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from a collection of Some Old Gasoline and Auto Engine Additive Commercials from the 1950sand 60s available at the Internet Archive.
- published: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 7663
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/
Everything under the hood, explained by Pat Goss from Goss' Garage! Send your question at radio@goss-garage.com or call 844-885-GOSS (4677) with your question to Pat.
Tune in on Saturday, 1PM ET live on TuneIn Radio at http://tunein.com/radio/Goss-Garage-s... to listen to the show!
- published: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 4786
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead (commonly styled tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb.
TEL was mixed with gasoline (petrol) beginning in the 1920s as a patented octane rating booster that allowed engine compression to be raised substantially, which in turn increased vehicle performance or fuel economy. TEL in automotive fuel was phased out starting in the U.S. in the mid-1970s because of its cumulative neurotoxicity and its damaging effect on catalytic converters. When present in fuel, TEL is also the main cause of spark plug fouling. TEL is still used as an additive in some grades of aviation gasoline, and in some developing countries.
Innospec has claimed to be the last firm still making TEL, but as of 2013 TEL was apparently being produced illegally by several companies in China.
Synthesis and properties
TEL is produced by reacting chloroethane with a sodium–lead alloy.
The product is recovered by steam distillation, leaving a sludge of lead and sodium chloride. TEL is a viscous colorless liquid. Because TEL is charge neutral and contains an exterior of alkyl groups, it is highly lipophilic and soluble in petrol (gasoline).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Tetraethyllead
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Ethyl Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia in the United States. The company is a distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive.
History
Founded in 1923, Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (Esso). General Motors had the "use patent" for tetraethyllead (TEL) as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., Charles Kettering, and later Charles Allen Thomas, and Esso had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own, and Ethyl started running its own operations.
In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation," owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Ethyl_Corporation
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Ethyl
Ethyl may refer to:
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Ethyl
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Standard Oil
Standard Oil Co. Inc. was an American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world of its time. Its controversial history as one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that Standard was an illegal monopoly.
Standard Oil dominated the oil products market initially through horizontal integration in the refining sector, then, in later years vertical integration; the company was an innovator in the development of the business trust. The Standard Oil trust streamlined production and logistics, lowered costs, and undercut competitors. "Trust-busting" critics accused Standard Oil of using aggressive pricing to destroy competitors and form a monopoly that threatened consumers.
John D. Rockefeller was a founder, chairman and major shareholder. With the dissolution of the Standard Oil trust into 33 smaller companies, Rockefeller became the richest man in the world. Other notable Standard Oil principals include Henry Flagler, developer of the Florida East Coast Railway and resort cities, and Henry H. Rogers, who built the Virginian Railway.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Standard_Oil
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
General Motors
General Motors Company, commonly known as GM, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, that designs, manufactures, markets and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts and sells financial services. General Motors produces vehicles in 37 countries under thirteen brands: Alpheon, Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Cadillac, Holden, HSV, Opel, Vauxhall, Wuling, Baojun, Jie Fang, UzDaewoo. General Motors holds a 20% stake in IMM, and a 77% stake in GM Korea. It also has a number of joint-ventures, including Shanghai GM, SAIC-GM-Wuling and FAW-GM in China, GM-AvtoVAZ in Russia, Ghandhara Industries in Pakistan, GM Uzbekistan, General Motors India, General Motors Egypt, and Isuzu Truck South Africa. General Motors employs 212,000 people and does business in more than 120 countries. General Motors is divided into five business segments: GM North America (GMNA), Opel Group, GM International Operations (GMIO), GM South America (GMSA), and GM Financial. As part of its 2009 bankruptcy restructuring the current company, General Motors Company LLC, ("new GM"), was formed in 2009, after the bankruptcy of the General Motors Corporation ("old GM"). The new company purchased the majority of the assets of "old GM", including the name "General Motors".
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/General_Motors
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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7:02Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
Why Lead Used to Be Added to GasolineWhy Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
→Subscribe for new videos every day! https://www.youtube.com/user/TodayIFoundOut?sub_confirmation=1 →How "Dick" came to be short for 'Richard': https://youtu.be/BH1NAwwKtcg?list=PLR0XuDegDqP2Acy6g9Ta7hzC0Rr3RDS6q Never run out of things to say at the water cooler with TodayIFoundOut! Brand new videos 7 days a week! More from TodayIFoundOut Why Coupons Sometimes Say They are Worth a Fraction of a Penny What Started the Cops Eating Doughnuts Stereotype? In this video: “Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road vehicles in the U.S. in 1995. Want the text version?: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/11/why-lead-used-to-be-added-to-gasoline/ Sources: http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead?page=full http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lead-poisoning/FL00068 http://science.howstuffworks.com/gasoline1.htm http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h2j0TzmQV86Pjh8gpDk11BQzT_Zg?docId=fa60a04afec342729f7a64020bda6325 http://www.chemcases.com/tel/ http://www.imperialclub.com/Repair/Lit/Master/291/page13.htm http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/bal/development.html http://www.myessentia.com/blog/blog/2011/10/30/united-nations-doing-away-with-leaded-gasoline/ -
11:29Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerptLead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still, for 60 years thousands of tons of lead was spread, causing damage to our IQ levels. Lead from gasoline has, literally, made a lot of us a bit dimmer. This ½h documentary is part of the international awarded series "Late Lessons from Early Warnings" which explores how we have been able to respond to warnings about the hazards posed by some of the greatest technological innovations of the last century. We have not always been that successful. Directed and produced by Jakob Gottshau, Express TV Production Photography: Michael Daugaard Film Editing: Jesper Osmund Music: Niels Mosumgaard Narration: Brian Patterson Year of Production: 2006 Watch more: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bz8IFlfcBZ0ocmhDUGpHRnU5TTA/edit?usp=sharing -
12:55Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13minGasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/ "Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varieties. NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxI1-VhESsg Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive, via a marketing/sales agreement with Octel Corporation (now known as Innospec). Founded in 1923[1] Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (ESSO). General Motors had the "use patent" for TEL as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., and ESSO had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own and Ethyl started running its own operations. In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation" owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time. The Ethyl corporation expanding and diversifying during the 1970s and 1980s in response to the gradual decline of the market for TEL as the automotive industry shifted to unleaded gasoline. In the late 1980s Ethyl began to spin off a number of divisions. The aluminum, plastics, and energy units became Tredegar Corporation in 1989. In 1993, it spun off its life insurance company, First Colony Life, and then in 1994, the specialty chemicals business was spun off as an independent, publicly traded company named Albemarle Corporation. In 2004, Ethyl Corporation changed its name to NewMarket Corporation, the parent company of Afton Chemical Corporation, manufacturer of lubricant and fuel additives, and Ethyl Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of certain fuel additives, including tetraethyllead, which is no longer allowed in fuel for on-highway vehicles, but is still used in aviation gasoline and some racing gasolines, for which there is no alternative to TEL which provides its advantages. Tetraethyllead Tetraethyllead has been recognized as a contributor to soil, air and water lead pollution, and is toxic to humans. Lead pollution has increased by over 625 times previous levels in the past century due partly to pollution by leaded fuel. Ethyl Corporation historically denied that tetraethyllead poses significant public health risks in excess of those associated with gasoline itself. Tetraethyllead was supplied for blending with raw gasoline in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which blended tetraethyllead with the lead scavengers 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Ethyl fluid contained a dye which would distinguish treated gasoline from untreated gasoline and discourage the diversion of gasoline for other purposes, such as cleaning. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethyllead Tetraethyllead (common name tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb. Its mixing with gasoline (petrol)as an inexpensive additive beginning in the 1920s allowed octane ratings and thus engine compression to be boosted significantly, increasing power and fuel economy. TEL was phased out in view of the toxicity of lead and its deleterious effect on catalytic converters. It is still used as an additive in aviation fuel for piston engine-powered aircraft... -
0:50Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
Tetraethyl Lead 1950sTetraethyl Lead 1950s
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from the 1950s film, Mechanical Engineering at duPont . -
0:41What does tetraethyl lead mean?
What does tetraethyl lead mean?What does tetraethyl lead mean?
What does tetraethyl lead mean? A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead. Intro Sound: Typewriter - Tamskp Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Outro Music: Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Intro/Outro Photo: The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson Licensed under CC-BY-2.0 Book Image: Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Text derived from: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetraethyl_lead Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM -
3:32VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agentVIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
Organomettalic Chemistry -
0:24Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Tetraethyl lead MeaningTetraethyl lead Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary -
0:49Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard OilLead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle. A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public health fight was forgotten by the 1980s, and nearly identical arguments were replayed in public, scientific and governmental arenas. However, this time TEL, the industry lostthe fight. The TEL controversy is a good example of Santayana¹s famous aphorism: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This clip is from the 1948 US Bureau of Mines film, the Story of Gasoline. -
1:27What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950sWhat is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy over the phase-out of leaded gasoline is familiar to most people, since the transition to unleaded fuel occurred less than 20 years ago. The early 20th century controversy over the introduction of Ethyl brand leaded gasoline is not well known. A longstanding policy question of great importance has been whether technology is best shaped by private or by public interests. We are inundated with reasons to deregulate technology today, but the Ethyl conflict provides a cautionary tale about what happens when there is a vacuum of regulation. "Ethyl" brand leaded gasoline, a higher octane gasoline sold between 1923 and 1986, is now banned in most nations for public health reasons. Ethyl leaded gasoline is the confusing brand name choice for which was an anti-knock (octane boosting) gasoline additive discovered by General Motors researchers and introduced commercially in Ohio in 1923. Ethyl is also the corporate name of the joint GM-Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon) venture established in 1924 to market the additive. Since GM was 38 percent owned by the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours at the time, there were initially three partners. The general public first learned of TEL in late October,1924 when half a dozen workers went violently insane and then died, apparently from a mysterious poison they were making at a Standard oil refinery in New Jersey. When it became clear that this poison was being put into gasoline, and that other workers had died in similar refineries, a vehement public health controversy broke out. GM and Standard insisted that TEL was only dangerous in concentrated form at the refinery, not when diluted in gasoline. But public health scientists, including Dr. Alice Hamilton of Harvard, said it was an important public health question and insisted that safer alternatives should be used. An expert committee in January 1926, issued a report stating that there was "no good grounds for prohibiting the use of Ethyl gasoline," provided that its own investigation was not allowed to lapse. In fact, no independent investigations were continued, although Ethyl financed decades of research through the University of Cincinnati. In 1965 and 1966, scholarship and Congressional testimony, especially from Clair Patterson, a California Institute of Technology geochemist, showed that Ethyl's Cincinnati research was based on questionable and probably fabricated data. In 1972 the Environmental Protection Agency began a regulatory process that phased out leaded gasoline. Many studies, especially early studies by Herbert Needleman and associates, found children highly affected by leaded gasoline. The phase out process took until 1986 in the US, another 15 years in Europe and is still underway in most developing nations. The toxic effects of lead include damage to the nervous system, learning impairments and behavioral problems. High lead levels in many urban areas are from leaded gasoline more than lead paint. Concerns about damage from widespread lead poisoning turned out to have been justified, as Henderson, Hamilton and others foresaw in 1925. The story of their public health advocacy, especially with its emphasis on alternative technologies, deserves to be remembered. This description is primarily from the 2003 article, Ethyl: The 1920s Environmental Conflict Over Leaded Gasoline and Alternative Fuels, by William Kovarik, Ph.D. Read the entire article at http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/papers/ethylconflict.html#abs . Read a detailed account of this tragic history in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from a collection of Some Old Gasoline and Auto Engine Additive Commercials from the 1950sand 60s available at the Internet Archive. -
7:58Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat GossLeaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines. Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/ Everything under the hood, explained by Pat Goss from Goss' Garage! Send your question at radio@goss-garage.com or call 844-885-GOSS (4677) with your question to Pat. Tune in on Saturday, 1PM ET live on TuneIn Radio at http://tunein.com/radio/Goss-Garage-s... to listen to the show! -
0:14Medical vocabulary: What does Tetraethyl Lead mean
Medical vocabulary: What does Tetraethyl Lead mean -
3:42CIC304K Lead Gasoline
CIC304K Lead GasolineCIC304K Lead Gasoline
tetraethyl lead (TEL) -
0:24
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Tetraethyl lead MeaningTetraethyl lead Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary -
1:02What Is Tetraethyl Lead Used For?
What Is Tetraethyl Lead Used For?What Is Tetraethyl Lead Used For?
Tetraethyl lead definition of tetraethyl by the free dictionary. Wikipedia wiki tetraethyllead url? Q webcache. Lead acetate used to be called 'sugar of lead' 14 jan 2013 a british company convicted bribing foreign officials maintain sales poisonous lead fuel additive is continuing sell the chemical 11 may 2016 his rather cavalier attitude towards these health concerns speaks volumes as he stressed tetraethyl was safe use, even after 22 feb 2012 (tel) liquid with formula (ch3ch2)4pb. Tetraethyl lead dictionary definition of tetraethyl by merriam webster. Once widely used (circa 1925 to 1990) increase the octane rating definition of tetraethyl lead our online dictionary has information from columbia encyclopedia, 6th edencyclopedia define a heavy oily poisonous liquid pb(c2h5)4 especially formerly as an antiknock agent tetra ethyl in gasoline. Antiknock agents allow the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and peak power tetraethyl lead (tel) (tel), also spelled tetraethyllead, organometallic compound containing toxic metal that much 20th century was chief antiknock agent automotive gasoline, or petrol is used as a) pain killer b) fire extinguisher c) mosquito repellent d) additive tetraethyllead a highly gasoline. Compound interest the chemistry of petrol & tetraethyl lead. Tetraethyl lead is used as ___ answers with solution in english. Googleusercontent search. Tetraethyl lead (tel) tetraethyl is used as examvedapb(c2h5)4 pubchem. See more tetraethyllead definition, a colorless, oily, water insoluble, poisonous liquid, (c 2 h 5) 4 pb, used as an antiknock agent in gasoline. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled absorbed through the know answer of objective question tetraethyl lead is used as ___ this multiple choice and get explanation result. A gasoline fueled reciprocating engine requires fuel of sufficient octane rating to prevent uncontrolled combustion known as knocking (knock or ping). The secret history of lead tetraethyl definition and meaning. Tetraethyl lead (tel) tetraethyllead wikipedia en. Why lead used to be added gasoline today i found outmade in britain the toxic tetraethyl fuel sold world's encyclopedia article citizendium. See more 17 may 2016 the chemistry of petrol & tetraethyl lead story due to heat generated by greater compression used in diesel enginesTetraethyl (tel) tetraethyllead wikipedia. Tetraethyl lead (tel) tetraethyllead wikipedia. It is provided tetraethyl leada colorless, poisonous, oily liquid, c8h20pb, comprised of four ethyl groups on each lead atom, used in gasoline for 14 nov 2011 today i found out why to be added. Tetraethyl lead was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost lumps of are insoluble, but many compounds dissolve water and act as neurotoxins the body. The new anti knock cheniical tetra ethyl lead which is added to gasoline, has brought recent publicity itself 2 mar 2000 other, safer antiknock additives used increase gasoline
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Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
→Subscribe for new videos every day! https://www.youtube.com/user/TodayIFoundOut?sub_confirmation=1 →How "Dick" came to be short for 'Richard': https://youtu.be/BH1NAwwKtcg?list=PLR0XuDegDqP2Acy6g9Ta7hzC0Rr3RDS6q Never run out of things to say at the water cooler with TodayIFoundOut! Brand new videos 7 days a week! More from TodayIFoundOut Why Coupons Sometimes Say They are Worth a Fraction of a Penny What Started the Cops Eating Doughnuts Stereotype? In this video: “Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road veh...
published: 16 Feb 2017 -
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still, for 60 years thousands of tons of lead was spread, causing damage to our IQ levels. Lead from gasoline has, literally, made a lot of us a bit dimmer. This ½h documentary is part of the international awarded series "Late Lessons from Early Warnings" which explores how we have been able to respond to warnings about the hazards posed by some of the greatest technological innovations of the last century. We have not always been that successful. Directed and produced by Jakob Gottshau, Express TV Production Photography: Michael Daugaard Film Editing: Jesper Osmund Music: Niels Mosumgaard Narration: Brian Patterson Year of Production...
published: 16 Sep 2013 -
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/ "Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varieties. NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxI1-VhESsg Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distr...
published: 22 Feb 2012 -
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller ...
published: 22 Oct 2008 -
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
What does tetraethyl lead mean? A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead. Intro Sound: Typewriter - Tamskp Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Outro Music: Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Intro/Outro Photo: The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson Licensed under CC-BY-2.0 Book Image: Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Text derived from: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetraethyl_lead Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
published: 19 Jan 2015 -
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
Organomettalic Chemistry
published: 16 May 2017 -
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
published: 20 Apr 2015 -
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle. A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public h...
published: 30 Mar 2013 -
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy over the phase-out of leaded gasoline is familiar to most people, since the transition to unleaded fuel occurred less than 20 years ago. The early 20th century controversy over the introduction of Ethyl brand leaded gasoline is not well known. A longstanding policy question of great importance has been whether technology is best shaped by private or by public interests. We are inundated with reasons to deregulate technology today, but the Ethyl conflict provides a cautionary tale about what happens when there is a vacuum of regulation. "Ethyl" brand leaded gasoline, a higher octane gasoline sold between 1923 and 1986, is now banned...
published: 28 Jan 2011 -
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines. Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/ Everything under the hood, explained by Pat Goss from Goss' Garage! Send your question at radio@goss-garage.com or call 844-885-GOSS (4677) with your question to Pat. Tune in on Saturday, 1PM ET live on TuneIn Radio at http://tunein.com/radio/Goss-Garage-s... to listen to the show!
published: 07 Mar 2016 -
-
-
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
published: 20 Apr 2015 -
What Is Tetraethyl Lead Used For?
Tetraethyl lead definition of tetraethyl by the free dictionary. Wikipedia wiki tetraethyllead url? Q webcache. Lead acetate used to be called 'sugar of lead' 14 jan 2013 a british company convicted bribing foreign officials maintain sales poisonous lead fuel additive is continuing sell the chemical 11 may 2016 his rather cavalier attitude towards these health concerns speaks volumes as he stressed tetraethyl was safe use, even after 22 feb 2012 (tel) liquid with formula (ch3ch2)4pb. Tetraethyl lead dictionary definition of tetraethyl by merriam webster. Once widely used (circa 1925 to 1990) increase the octane rating definition of tetraethyl lead our online dictionary has information from columbia encyclopedia, 6th edencyclopedia define a heavy oily poisonous liquid pb(c2h5)4 especially f...
published: 19 Jul 2017
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:02
- Updated: 16 Feb 2017
- views: 269650
→Subscribe for new videos every day!
https://www.youtube.com/user/TodayIFoundOut?sub_confirmation=1
→How "Dick" came to be short for 'Richard': https://youtu.b...
→Subscribe for new videos every day!
https://www.youtube.com/user/TodayIFoundOut?sub_confirmation=1
→How "Dick" came to be short for 'Richard': https://youtu.be/BH1NAwwKtcg?list=PLR0XuDegDqP2Acy6g9Ta7hzC0Rr3RDS6q
Never run out of things to say at the water cooler with TodayIFoundOut! Brand new videos 7 days a week!
More from TodayIFoundOut
Why Coupons Sometimes Say They are Worth a Fraction of a Penny
What Started the Cops Eating Doughnuts Stereotype?
In this video:
“Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road vehicles in the U.S. in 1995.
Want the text version?: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/11/why-lead-used-to-be-added-to-gasoline/
Sources:
http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead?page=full
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lead-poisoning/FL00068
http://science.howstuffworks.com/gasoline1.htm
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h2j0TzmQV86Pjh8gpDk11BQzT_Zg?docId=fa60a04afec342729f7a64020bda6325
http://www.chemcases.com/tel/
http://www.imperialclub.com/Repair/Lit/Master/291/page13.htm
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/bal/development.html
http://www.myessentia.com/blog/blog/2011/10/30/united-nations-doing-away-with-leaded-gasoline/
https://wn.com/Why_Lead_Used_To_Be_Added_To_Gasoline
→Subscribe for new videos every day!
https://www.youtube.com/user/TodayIFoundOut?sub_confirmation=1
→How "Dick" came to be short for 'Richard': https://youtu.be/BH1NAwwKtcg?list=PLR0XuDegDqP2Acy6g9Ta7hzC0Rr3RDS6q
Never run out of things to say at the water cooler with TodayIFoundOut! Brand new videos 7 days a week!
More from TodayIFoundOut
Why Coupons Sometimes Say They are Worth a Fraction of a Penny
What Started the Cops Eating Doughnuts Stereotype?
In this video:
“Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road vehicles in the U.S. in 1995.
Want the text version?: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/11/why-lead-used-to-be-added-to-gasoline/
Sources:
http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead?page=full
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lead-poisoning/FL00068
http://science.howstuffworks.com/gasoline1.htm
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h2j0TzmQV86Pjh8gpDk11BQzT_Zg?docId=fa60a04afec342729f7a64020bda6325
http://www.chemcases.com/tel/
http://www.imperialclub.com/Repair/Lit/Master/291/page13.htm
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/bal/development.html
http://www.myessentia.com/blog/blog/2011/10/30/united-nations-doing-away-with-leaded-gasoline/
- published: 16 Feb 2017
- views: 269650
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:29
- Updated: 16 Sep 2013
- views: 17337
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still,...
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still, for 60 years thousands of tons of lead was spread, causing damage to our IQ levels. Lead from gasoline has, literally, made a lot of us a bit dimmer.
This ½h documentary is part of the international awarded series "Late Lessons from Early Warnings" which explores how we have been able to respond to warnings about the hazards posed by some of the greatest technological innovations of the last century.
We have not always been that successful.
Directed and produced by Jakob Gottshau, Express TV Production
Photography: Michael Daugaard
Film Editing: Jesper Osmund
Music: Niels Mosumgaard
Narration: Brian Patterson
Year of Production: 2006
Watch more: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bz8IFlfcBZ0ocmhDUGpHRnU5TTA/edit?usp=sharing
https://wn.com/Lead_For_Life_The_History_Of_Leaded_Gasoline_An_Excerpt
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still, for 60 years thousands of tons of lead was spread, causing damage to our IQ levels. Lead from gasoline has, literally, made a lot of us a bit dimmer.
This ½h documentary is part of the international awarded series "Late Lessons from Early Warnings" which explores how we have been able to respond to warnings about the hazards posed by some of the greatest technological innovations of the last century.
We have not always been that successful.
Directed and produced by Jakob Gottshau, Express TV Production
Photography: Michael Daugaard
Film Editing: Jesper Osmund
Music: Niels Mosumgaard
Narration: Brian Patterson
Year of Production: 2006
Watch more: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bz8IFlfcBZ0ocmhDUGpHRnU5TTA/edit?usp=sharing
- published: 16 Sep 2013
- views: 17337
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:55
- Updated: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 9816
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varie...
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varieties.
NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxI1-VhESsg
Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive, via a marketing/sales agreement with Octel Corporation (now known as Innospec).
Founded in 1923[1] Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (ESSO). General Motors had the "use patent" for TEL as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., and ESSO had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own and Ethyl started running its own operations.
In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation" owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time.
The Ethyl corporation expanding and diversifying during the 1970s and 1980s in response to the gradual decline of the market for TEL as the automotive industry shifted to unleaded gasoline. In the late 1980s Ethyl began to spin off a number of divisions. The aluminum, plastics, and energy units became Tredegar Corporation in 1989. In 1993, it spun off its life insurance company, First Colony Life, and then in 1994, the specialty chemicals business was spun off as an independent, publicly traded company named Albemarle Corporation.
In 2004, Ethyl Corporation changed its name to NewMarket Corporation, the parent company of Afton Chemical Corporation, manufacturer of lubricant and fuel additives, and Ethyl Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of certain fuel additives, including tetraethyllead, which is no longer allowed in fuel for on-highway vehicles, but is still used in aviation gasoline and some racing gasolines, for which there is no alternative to TEL which provides its advantages.
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead has been recognized as a contributor to soil, air and water lead pollution, and is toxic to humans. Lead pollution has increased by over 625 times previous levels in the past century due partly to pollution by leaded fuel. Ethyl Corporation historically denied that tetraethyllead poses significant public health risks in excess of those associated with gasoline itself.
Tetraethyllead was supplied for blending with raw gasoline in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which blended tetraethyllead with the lead scavengers 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Ethyl fluid contained a dye which would distinguish treated gasoline from untreated gasoline and discourage the diversion of gasoline for other purposes, such as cleaning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead (common name tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb. Its mixing with gasoline (petrol)as an inexpensive additive beginning in the 1920s allowed octane ratings and thus engine compression to be boosted significantly, increasing power and fuel economy. TEL was phased out in view of the toxicity of lead and its deleterious effect on catalytic converters. It is still used as an additive in aviation fuel for piston engine-powered aircraft...
https://wn.com/Gasoline_Production_Gasoline_For_Everybody_1947_Ethyl_Corp_13Min
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varieties.
NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxI1-VhESsg
Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive, via a marketing/sales agreement with Octel Corporation (now known as Innospec).
Founded in 1923[1] Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (ESSO). General Motors had the "use patent" for TEL as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., and ESSO had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own and Ethyl started running its own operations.
In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation" owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time.
The Ethyl corporation expanding and diversifying during the 1970s and 1980s in response to the gradual decline of the market for TEL as the automotive industry shifted to unleaded gasoline. In the late 1980s Ethyl began to spin off a number of divisions. The aluminum, plastics, and energy units became Tredegar Corporation in 1989. In 1993, it spun off its life insurance company, First Colony Life, and then in 1994, the specialty chemicals business was spun off as an independent, publicly traded company named Albemarle Corporation.
In 2004, Ethyl Corporation changed its name to NewMarket Corporation, the parent company of Afton Chemical Corporation, manufacturer of lubricant and fuel additives, and Ethyl Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of certain fuel additives, including tetraethyllead, which is no longer allowed in fuel for on-highway vehicles, but is still used in aviation gasoline and some racing gasolines, for which there is no alternative to TEL which provides its advantages.
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead has been recognized as a contributor to soil, air and water lead pollution, and is toxic to humans. Lead pollution has increased by over 625 times previous levels in the past century due partly to pollution by leaded fuel. Ethyl Corporation historically denied that tetraethyllead poses significant public health risks in excess of those associated with gasoline itself.
Tetraethyllead was supplied for blending with raw gasoline in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which blended tetraethyllead with the lead scavengers 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Ethyl fluid contained a dye which would distinguish treated gasoline from untreated gasoline and discourage the diversion of gasoline for other purposes, such as cleaning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead (common name tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb. Its mixing with gasoline (petrol)as an inexpensive additive beginning in the 1920s allowed octane ratings and thus engine compression to be boosted significantly, increasing power and fuel economy. TEL was phased out in view of the toxicity of lead and its deleterious effect on catalytic converters. It is still used as an additive in aviation fuel for piston engine-powered aircraft...
- published: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 9816
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 7573
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got t...
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from the 1950s film, Mechanical Engineering at duPont .
https://wn.com/Tetraethyl_Lead_1950S
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from the 1950s film, Mechanical Engineering at duPont .
- published: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 7573
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:41
- Updated: 19 Jan 2015
- views: 256
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
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Groove ...
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson
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What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Intro/Outro Photo:
The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson
Licensed under CC-BY-2.0
Book Image:
Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Text derived from:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetraethyl_lead
Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
- published: 19 Jan 2015
- views: 256
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 16 May 2017
- views: 28
Organomettalic Chemistry
Organomettalic Chemistry
https://wn.com/Video_Assignment_Tetra_Ethyl_Lead_As_Anti_Knocking_Agent
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:24
- Updated: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning....
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
https://wn.com/Tetraethyl_Lead_Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
- published: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Updated: 30 Mar 2013
- views: 2204
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got t...
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle.
A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public health fight was forgotten by the 1980s, and nearly identical arguments were replayed in public, scientific and governmental arenas. However, this time TEL, the industry lostthe fight. The TEL controversy is a good example of Santayana¹s famous aphorism: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This clip is from the 1948 US Bureau of Mines film, the Story of Gasoline.
https://wn.com/Lead_Added_To_Gasoline_1948_Standard_Oil
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle.
A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public health fight was forgotten by the 1980s, and nearly identical arguments were replayed in public, scientific and governmental arenas. However, this time TEL, the industry lostthe fight. The TEL controversy is a good example of Santayana¹s famous aphorism: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This clip is from the 1948 US Bureau of Mines film, the Story of Gasoline.
- published: 30 Mar 2013
- views: 2204
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 7663
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy ov...
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy over the phase-out of leaded gasoline is familiar to most people, since the transition to unleaded fuel occurred less than 20 years ago. The early 20th century controversy over the introduction of Ethyl brand leaded gasoline is not well known. A longstanding policy question of great importance has been whether technology is best shaped by private or by public interests. We are inundated with reasons to deregulate technology today, but the Ethyl conflict provides a cautionary tale about what happens when there is a vacuum of regulation. "Ethyl" brand leaded gasoline, a higher octane gasoline sold between 1923 and 1986, is now banned in most nations for public health reasons. Ethyl leaded gasoline is the confusing brand name choice for which was an anti-knock (octane boosting) gasoline additive discovered by General Motors researchers and introduced commercially in Ohio in 1923. Ethyl is also the corporate name of the joint GM-Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon) venture established in 1924 to market the additive. Since GM was 38 percent owned by the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours at the time, there were initially three partners. The general public first learned of TEL in late October,1924 when half a dozen workers went violently insane and then died, apparently from a mysterious poison they were making at a Standard oil refinery in New Jersey. When it became clear that this poison was being put into gasoline, and that other workers had died in similar refineries, a vehement public health controversy broke out. GM and Standard insisted that TEL was only dangerous in concentrated form at the refinery, not when diluted in gasoline. But public health scientists, including Dr. Alice Hamilton of Harvard, said it was an important public health question and insisted that safer alternatives should be used. An expert committee in January 1926, issued a report stating that there was "no good grounds for prohibiting the use of Ethyl gasoline," provided that its own investigation was not allowed to lapse. In fact, no independent investigations were continued, although Ethyl financed decades of research through the University of Cincinnati. In 1965 and 1966, scholarship and Congressional testimony, especially from Clair Patterson, a California Institute of Technology geochemist, showed that Ethyl's Cincinnati research was based on questionable and probably fabricated data. In 1972 the Environmental Protection Agency began a regulatory process that phased out leaded gasoline. Many studies, especially early studies by Herbert Needleman and associates, found children highly affected by leaded gasoline. The phase out process took until 1986 in the US, another 15 years in Europe and is still underway in most developing nations. The toxic effects of lead include damage to the nervous system, learning impairments and behavioral problems. High lead levels in many urban areas are from leaded gasoline more than lead paint. Concerns about damage from widespread lead poisoning turned out to have been justified, as Henderson, Hamilton and others foresaw in 1925. The story of their public health advocacy, especially with its emphasis on alternative technologies, deserves to be remembered. This description is primarily from the 2003 article, Ethyl: The 1920s Environmental Conflict Over Leaded Gasoline and Alternative Fuels, by William Kovarik, Ph.D. Read the entire article at http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/papers/ethylconflict.html#abs . Read a detailed account of this tragic history in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from a collection of Some Old Gasoline and Auto Engine Additive Commercials from the 1950sand 60s available at the Internet Archive.
https://wn.com/What_Is_The_Unnamed_Special_Ingredient_In_Ethyl_Gasoline_(Lead)_1950S
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy over the phase-out of leaded gasoline is familiar to most people, since the transition to unleaded fuel occurred less than 20 years ago. The early 20th century controversy over the introduction of Ethyl brand leaded gasoline is not well known. A longstanding policy question of great importance has been whether technology is best shaped by private or by public interests. We are inundated with reasons to deregulate technology today, but the Ethyl conflict provides a cautionary tale about what happens when there is a vacuum of regulation. "Ethyl" brand leaded gasoline, a higher octane gasoline sold between 1923 and 1986, is now banned in most nations for public health reasons. Ethyl leaded gasoline is the confusing brand name choice for which was an anti-knock (octane boosting) gasoline additive discovered by General Motors researchers and introduced commercially in Ohio in 1923. Ethyl is also the corporate name of the joint GM-Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon) venture established in 1924 to market the additive. Since GM was 38 percent owned by the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours at the time, there were initially three partners. The general public first learned of TEL in late October,1924 when half a dozen workers went violently insane and then died, apparently from a mysterious poison they were making at a Standard oil refinery in New Jersey. When it became clear that this poison was being put into gasoline, and that other workers had died in similar refineries, a vehement public health controversy broke out. GM and Standard insisted that TEL was only dangerous in concentrated form at the refinery, not when diluted in gasoline. But public health scientists, including Dr. Alice Hamilton of Harvard, said it was an important public health question and insisted that safer alternatives should be used. An expert committee in January 1926, issued a report stating that there was "no good grounds for prohibiting the use of Ethyl gasoline," provided that its own investigation was not allowed to lapse. In fact, no independent investigations were continued, although Ethyl financed decades of research through the University of Cincinnati. In 1965 and 1966, scholarship and Congressional testimony, especially from Clair Patterson, a California Institute of Technology geochemist, showed that Ethyl's Cincinnati research was based on questionable and probably fabricated data. In 1972 the Environmental Protection Agency began a regulatory process that phased out leaded gasoline. Many studies, especially early studies by Herbert Needleman and associates, found children highly affected by leaded gasoline. The phase out process took until 1986 in the US, another 15 years in Europe and is still underway in most developing nations. The toxic effects of lead include damage to the nervous system, learning impairments and behavioral problems. High lead levels in many urban areas are from leaded gasoline more than lead paint. Concerns about damage from widespread lead poisoning turned out to have been justified, as Henderson, Hamilton and others foresaw in 1925. The story of their public health advocacy, especially with its emphasis on alternative technologies, deserves to be remembered. This description is primarily from the 2003 article, Ethyl: The 1920s Environmental Conflict Over Leaded Gasoline and Alternative Fuels, by William Kovarik, Ph.D. Read the entire article at http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/papers/ethylconflict.html#abs . Read a detailed account of this tragic history in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from a collection of Some Old Gasoline and Auto Engine Additive Commercials from the 1950sand 60s available at the Internet Archive.
- published: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 7663
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:58
- Updated: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 4786
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/
Everything under the hood, explained by Pa...
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/
Everything under the hood, explained by Pat Goss from Goss' Garage! Send your question at radio@goss-garage.com or call 844-885-GOSS (4677) with your question to Pat.
Tune in on Saturday, 1PM ET live on TuneIn Radio at http://tunein.com/radio/Goss-Garage-s... to listen to the show!
https://wn.com/Leaded_Fuel_For_Older_Engines_Goss_Garage_With_Pat_Goss
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/
Everything under the hood, explained by Pat Goss from Goss' Garage! Send your question at radio@goss-garage.com or call 844-885-GOSS (4677) with your question to Pat.
Tune in on Saturday, 1PM ET live on TuneIn Radio at http://tunein.com/radio/Goss-Garage-s... to listen to the show!
- published: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 4786
Medical vocabulary: What does Tetraethyl Lead mean
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:14
- Updated: 18 Jan 2016
- views: 10
CIC304K Lead Gasoline
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 24 Jul 2013
- views: 484
tetraethyl lead (TEL)
tetraethyl lead (TEL)
https://wn.com/Cic304K_Lead_Gasoline
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:24
- Updated: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning....
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
https://wn.com/Tetraethyl_Lead_Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
- published: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
What Is Tetraethyl Lead Used For?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 19 Jul 2017
- views: 5
Tetraethyl lead definition of tetraethyl by the free dictionary. Wikipedia wiki tetraethyllead url? Q webcache. Lead acetate used to be called 'sugar of lead' 1...
Tetraethyl lead definition of tetraethyl by the free dictionary. Wikipedia wiki tetraethyllead url? Q webcache. Lead acetate used to be called 'sugar of lead' 14 jan 2013 a british company convicted bribing foreign officials maintain sales poisonous lead fuel additive is continuing sell the chemical 11 may 2016 his rather cavalier attitude towards these health concerns speaks volumes as he stressed tetraethyl was safe use, even after 22 feb 2012 (tel) liquid with formula (ch3ch2)4pb. Tetraethyl lead dictionary definition of tetraethyl by merriam webster. Once widely used (circa 1925 to 1990) increase the octane rating definition of tetraethyl lead our online dictionary has information from columbia encyclopedia, 6th edencyclopedia define a heavy oily poisonous liquid pb(c2h5)4 especially formerly as an antiknock agent tetra ethyl in gasoline. Antiknock agents allow the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and peak power tetraethyl lead (tel) (tel), also spelled tetraethyllead, organometallic compound containing toxic metal that much 20th century was chief antiknock agent automotive gasoline, or petrol is used as a) pain killer b) fire extinguisher c) mosquito repellent d) additive tetraethyllead a highly gasoline. Compound interest the chemistry of petrol & tetraethyl lead. Tetraethyl lead is used as ___ answers with solution in english. Googleusercontent search. Tetraethyl lead (tel) tetraethyl is used as examvedapb(c2h5)4 pubchem. See more tetraethyllead definition, a colorless, oily, water insoluble, poisonous liquid, (c 2 h 5) 4 pb, used as an antiknock agent in gasoline. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled absorbed through the know answer of objective question tetraethyl lead is used as ___ this multiple choice and get explanation result. A gasoline fueled reciprocating engine requires fuel of sufficient octane rating to prevent uncontrolled combustion known as knocking (knock or ping). The secret history of lead tetraethyl definition and meaning. Tetraethyl lead (tel)
tetraethyllead wikipedia en. Why lead used to be added gasoline today i found outmade in britain the toxic tetraethyl fuel sold world's encyclopedia article citizendium. See more 17 may 2016 the chemistry of petrol & tetraethyl lead story due to heat generated by greater compression used in diesel enginesTetraethyl (tel) tetraethyllead wikipedia. Tetraethyl lead (tel) tetraethyllead wikipedia. It is provided tetraethyl leada colorless, poisonous, oily liquid, c8h20pb, comprised of four ethyl groups on each lead atom, used in gasoline for 14 nov 2011 today i found out why to be added. Tetraethyl lead was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost lumps of are insoluble, but many compounds dissolve water and act as neurotoxins the body. The new anti knock cheniical tetra ethyl lead which is added to gasoline, has brought recent publicity itself 2 mar 2000 other, safer antiknock additives used increase gasoline
https://wn.com/What_Is_Tetraethyl_Lead_Used_For
Tetraethyl lead definition of tetraethyl by the free dictionary. Wikipedia wiki tetraethyllead url? Q webcache. Lead acetate used to be called 'sugar of lead' 14 jan 2013 a british company convicted bribing foreign officials maintain sales poisonous lead fuel additive is continuing sell the chemical 11 may 2016 his rather cavalier attitude towards these health concerns speaks volumes as he stressed tetraethyl was safe use, even after 22 feb 2012 (tel) liquid with formula (ch3ch2)4pb. Tetraethyl lead dictionary definition of tetraethyl by merriam webster. Once widely used (circa 1925 to 1990) increase the octane rating definition of tetraethyl lead our online dictionary has information from columbia encyclopedia, 6th edencyclopedia define a heavy oily poisonous liquid pb(c2h5)4 especially formerly as an antiknock agent tetra ethyl in gasoline. Antiknock agents allow the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and peak power tetraethyl lead (tel) (tel), also spelled tetraethyllead, organometallic compound containing toxic metal that much 20th century was chief antiknock agent automotive gasoline, or petrol is used as a) pain killer b) fire extinguisher c) mosquito repellent d) additive tetraethyllead a highly gasoline. Compound interest the chemistry of petrol & tetraethyl lead. Tetraethyl lead is used as ___ answers with solution in english. Googleusercontent search. Tetraethyl lead (tel) tetraethyl is used as examvedapb(c2h5)4 pubchem. See more tetraethyllead definition, a colorless, oily, water insoluble, poisonous liquid, (c 2 h 5) 4 pb, used as an antiknock agent in gasoline. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled absorbed through the know answer of objective question tetraethyl lead is used as ___ this multiple choice and get explanation result. A gasoline fueled reciprocating engine requires fuel of sufficient octane rating to prevent uncontrolled combustion known as knocking (knock or ping). The secret history of lead tetraethyl definition and meaning. Tetraethyl lead (tel)
tetraethyllead wikipedia en. Why lead used to be added gasoline today i found outmade in britain the toxic tetraethyl fuel sold world's encyclopedia article citizendium. See more 17 may 2016 the chemistry of petrol & tetraethyl lead story due to heat generated by greater compression used in diesel enginesTetraethyl (tel) tetraethyllead wikipedia. Tetraethyl lead (tel) tetraethyllead wikipedia. It is provided tetraethyl leada colorless, poisonous, oily liquid, c8h20pb, comprised of four ethyl groups on each lead atom, used in gasoline for 14 nov 2011 today i found out why to be added. Tetraethyl lead was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost lumps of are insoluble, but many compounds dissolve water and act as neurotoxins the body. The new anti knock cheniical tetra ethyl lead which is added to gasoline, has brought recent publicity itself 2 mar 2000 other, safer antiknock additives used increase gasoline
- published: 19 Jul 2017
- views: 5
-
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
→Subscribe for new videos every day! https://www.youtube.com/user/TodayIFoundOut?sub_confirmation=1 →How "Dick" came to be short for 'Richard': https://youtu.be/BH1NAwwKtcg?list=PLR0XuDegDqP2Acy6g9Ta7hzC0Rr3RDS6q Never run out of things to say at the water cooler with TodayIFoundOut! Brand new videos 7 days a week! More from TodayIFoundOut Why Coupons Sometimes Say They are Worth a Fraction of a Penny What Started the Cops Eating Doughnuts Stereotype? In this video: “Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road veh...
published: 16 Feb 2017 -
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still, for 60 years thousands of tons of lead was spread, causing damage to our IQ levels. Lead from gasoline has, literally, made a lot of us a bit dimmer. This ½h documentary is part of the international awarded series "Late Lessons from Early Warnings" which explores how we have been able to respond to warnings about the hazards posed by some of the greatest technological innovations of the last century. We have not always been that successful. Directed and produced by Jakob Gottshau, Express TV Production Photography: Michael Daugaard Film Editing: Jesper Osmund Music: Niels Mosumgaard Narration: Brian Patterson Year of Production...
published: 16 Sep 2013 -
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/ "Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varieties. NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxI1-VhESsg Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distr...
published: 22 Feb 2012 -
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller ...
published: 22 Oct 2008 -
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
What does tetraethyl lead mean? A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead. Intro Sound: Typewriter - Tamskp Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Outro Music: Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Intro/Outro Photo: The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson Licensed under CC-BY-2.0 Book Image: Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Text derived from: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetraethyl_lead Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
published: 19 Jan 2015 -
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
Organomettalic Chemistry
published: 16 May 2017 -
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
published: 20 Apr 2015 -
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle. A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public h...
published: 30 Mar 2013 -
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy over the phase-out of leaded gasoline is familiar to most people, since the transition to unleaded fuel occurred less than 20 years ago. The early 20th century controversy over the introduction of Ethyl brand leaded gasoline is not well known. A longstanding policy question of great importance has been whether technology is best shaped by private or by public interests. We are inundated with reasons to deregulate technology today, but the Ethyl conflict provides a cautionary tale about what happens when there is a vacuum of regulation. "Ethyl" brand leaded gasoline, a higher octane gasoline sold between 1923 and 1986, is now banned...
published: 28 Jan 2011 -
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines. Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/ Everything under the hood, explained by Pat Goss from Goss' Garage! Send your question at radio@goss-garage.com or call 844-885-GOSS (4677) with your question to Pat. Tune in on Saturday, 1PM ET live on TuneIn Radio at http://tunein.com/radio/Goss-Garage-s... to listen to the show!
published: 07 Mar 2016
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:02
- Updated: 16 Feb 2017
- views: 269650
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What Started the Cops Eating Doughnuts Stereotype?
In this video:
“Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road vehicles in the U.S. in 1995.
Want the text version?: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/11/why-lead-used-to-be-added-to-gasoline/
Sources:
http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead?page=full
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lead-poisoning/FL00068
http://science.howstuffworks.com/gasoline1.htm
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h2j0TzmQV86Pjh8gpDk11BQzT_Zg?docId=fa60a04afec342729f7a64020bda6325
http://www.chemcases.com/tel/
http://www.imperialclub.com/Repair/Lit/Master/291/page13.htm
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/bal/development.html
http://www.myessentia.com/blog/blog/2011/10/30/united-nations-doing-away-with-leaded-gasoline/
https://wn.com/Why_Lead_Used_To_Be_Added_To_Gasoline
→Subscribe for new videos every day!
https://www.youtube.com/user/TodayIFoundOut?sub_confirmation=1
→How "Dick" came to be short for 'Richard': https://youtu.be/BH1NAwwKtcg?list=PLR0XuDegDqP2Acy6g9Ta7hzC0Rr3RDS6q
Never run out of things to say at the water cooler with TodayIFoundOut! Brand new videos 7 days a week!
More from TodayIFoundOut
Why Coupons Sometimes Say They are Worth a Fraction of a Penny
What Started the Cops Eating Doughnuts Stereotype?
In this video:
“Tetraethyl lead” was used in early model cars to help reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health risks, this type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970’s and banned altogether in all on-road vehicles in the U.S. in 1995.
Want the text version?: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/11/why-lead-used-to-be-added-to-gasoline/
Sources:
http://www.thenation.com/article/secret-history-lead?page=full
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lead-poisoning/FL00068
http://science.howstuffworks.com/gasoline1.htm
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h2j0TzmQV86Pjh8gpDk11BQzT_Zg?docId=fa60a04afec342729f7a64020bda6325
http://www.chemcases.com/tel/
http://www.imperialclub.com/Repair/Lit/Master/291/page13.htm
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/bal/development.html
http://www.myessentia.com/blog/blog/2011/10/30/united-nations-doing-away-with-leaded-gasoline/
- published: 16 Feb 2017
- views: 269650
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:29
- Updated: 16 Sep 2013
- views: 17337
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still,...
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still, for 60 years thousands of tons of lead was spread, causing damage to our IQ levels. Lead from gasoline has, literally, made a lot of us a bit dimmer.
This ½h documentary is part of the international awarded series "Late Lessons from Early Warnings" which explores how we have been able to respond to warnings about the hazards posed by some of the greatest technological innovations of the last century.
We have not always been that successful.
Directed and produced by Jakob Gottshau, Express TV Production
Photography: Michael Daugaard
Film Editing: Jesper Osmund
Music: Niels Mosumgaard
Narration: Brian Patterson
Year of Production: 2006
Watch more: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bz8IFlfcBZ0ocmhDUGpHRnU5TTA/edit?usp=sharing
https://wn.com/Lead_For_Life_The_History_Of_Leaded_Gasoline_An_Excerpt
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that time, lead was known to be toxic, harmful especially to children. Still, for 60 years thousands of tons of lead was spread, causing damage to our IQ levels. Lead from gasoline has, literally, made a lot of us a bit dimmer.
This ½h documentary is part of the international awarded series "Late Lessons from Early Warnings" which explores how we have been able to respond to warnings about the hazards posed by some of the greatest technological innovations of the last century.
We have not always been that successful.
Directed and produced by Jakob Gottshau, Express TV Production
Photography: Michael Daugaard
Film Editing: Jesper Osmund
Music: Niels Mosumgaard
Narration: Brian Patterson
Year of Production: 2006
Watch more: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bz8IFlfcBZ0ocmhDUGpHRnU5TTA/edit?usp=sharing
- published: 16 Sep 2013
- views: 17337
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:55
- Updated: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 9816
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varie...
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varieties.
NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxI1-VhESsg
Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive, via a marketing/sales agreement with Octel Corporation (now known as Innospec).
Founded in 1923[1] Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (ESSO). General Motors had the "use patent" for TEL as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., and ESSO had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own and Ethyl started running its own operations.
In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation" owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time.
The Ethyl corporation expanding and diversifying during the 1970s and 1980s in response to the gradual decline of the market for TEL as the automotive industry shifted to unleaded gasoline. In the late 1980s Ethyl began to spin off a number of divisions. The aluminum, plastics, and energy units became Tredegar Corporation in 1989. In 1993, it spun off its life insurance company, First Colony Life, and then in 1994, the specialty chemicals business was spun off as an independent, publicly traded company named Albemarle Corporation.
In 2004, Ethyl Corporation changed its name to NewMarket Corporation, the parent company of Afton Chemical Corporation, manufacturer of lubricant and fuel additives, and Ethyl Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of certain fuel additives, including tetraethyllead, which is no longer allowed in fuel for on-highway vehicles, but is still used in aviation gasoline and some racing gasolines, for which there is no alternative to TEL which provides its advantages.
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead has been recognized as a contributor to soil, air and water lead pollution, and is toxic to humans. Lead pollution has increased by over 625 times previous levels in the past century due partly to pollution by leaded fuel. Ethyl Corporation historically denied that tetraethyllead poses significant public health risks in excess of those associated with gasoline itself.
Tetraethyllead was supplied for blending with raw gasoline in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which blended tetraethyllead with the lead scavengers 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Ethyl fluid contained a dye which would distinguish treated gasoline from untreated gasoline and discourage the diversion of gasoline for other purposes, such as cleaning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead (common name tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb. Its mixing with gasoline (petrol)as an inexpensive additive beginning in the 1920s allowed octane ratings and thus engine compression to be boosted significantly, increasing power and fuel economy. TEL was phased out in view of the toxicity of lead and its deleterious effect on catalytic converters. It is still used as an additive in aviation fuel for piston engine-powered aircraft...
https://wn.com/Gasoline_Production_Gasoline_For_Everybody_1947_Ethyl_Corp_13Min
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasoline." Explains 4 types of gasoline, straight run and 3 "cracked" varieties.
NEW VERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxI1-VhESsg
Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive, via a marketing/sales agreement with Octel Corporation (now known as Innospec).
Founded in 1923[1] Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (ESSO). General Motors had the "use patent" for TEL as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., and ESSO had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own and Ethyl started running its own operations.
In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation" owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time.
The Ethyl corporation expanding and diversifying during the 1970s and 1980s in response to the gradual decline of the market for TEL as the automotive industry shifted to unleaded gasoline. In the late 1980s Ethyl began to spin off a number of divisions. The aluminum, plastics, and energy units became Tredegar Corporation in 1989. In 1993, it spun off its life insurance company, First Colony Life, and then in 1994, the specialty chemicals business was spun off as an independent, publicly traded company named Albemarle Corporation.
In 2004, Ethyl Corporation changed its name to NewMarket Corporation, the parent company of Afton Chemical Corporation, manufacturer of lubricant and fuel additives, and Ethyl Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of certain fuel additives, including tetraethyllead, which is no longer allowed in fuel for on-highway vehicles, but is still used in aviation gasoline and some racing gasolines, for which there is no alternative to TEL which provides its advantages.
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead has been recognized as a contributor to soil, air and water lead pollution, and is toxic to humans. Lead pollution has increased by over 625 times previous levels in the past century due partly to pollution by leaded fuel. Ethyl Corporation historically denied that tetraethyllead poses significant public health risks in excess of those associated with gasoline itself.
Tetraethyllead was supplied for blending with raw gasoline in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which blended tetraethyllead with the lead scavengers 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Ethyl fluid contained a dye which would distinguish treated gasoline from untreated gasoline and discourage the diversion of gasoline for other purposes, such as cleaning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead (common name tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb. Its mixing with gasoline (petrol)as an inexpensive additive beginning in the 1920s allowed octane ratings and thus engine compression to be boosted significantly, increasing power and fuel economy. TEL was phased out in view of the toxicity of lead and its deleterious effect on catalytic converters. It is still used as an additive in aviation fuel for piston engine-powered aircraft...
- published: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 9816
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 7573
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got t...
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from the 1950s film, Mechanical Engineering at duPont .
https://wn.com/Tetraethyl_Lead_1950S
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from the 1950s film, Mechanical Engineering at duPont .
- published: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 7573
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:41
- Updated: 19 Jan 2015
- views: 256
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove ...
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Intro/Outro Photo:
The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson
Licensed under CC-BY-2.0
Book Image:
Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Text derived from:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetraethyl_lead
Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
https://wn.com/What_Does_Tetraethyl_Lead_Mean
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
Intro Sound:
Typewriter - Tamskp
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Outro Music:
Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Intro/Outro Photo:
The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson
Licensed under CC-BY-2.0
Book Image:
Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign
Licensed under CC:BA 3.0
Text derived from:
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tetraethyl_lead
Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
- published: 19 Jan 2015
- views: 256
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 16 May 2017
- views: 28
Organomettalic Chemistry
Organomettalic Chemistry
https://wn.com/Video_Assignment_Tetra_Ethyl_Lead_As_Anti_Knocking_Agent
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:24
- Updated: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning....
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
https://wn.com/Tetraethyl_Lead_Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added to petroleum/gasoline as an antiknock agent. Tetraethyl lead Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say tetraethyl lead. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
- published: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Updated: 30 Mar 2013
- views: 2204
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got t...
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle.
A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public health fight was forgotten by the 1980s, and nearly identical arguments were replayed in public, scientific and governmental arenas. However, this time TEL, the industry lostthe fight. The TEL controversy is a good example of Santayana¹s famous aphorism: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This clip is from the 1948 US Bureau of Mines film, the Story of Gasoline.
https://wn.com/Lead_Added_To_Gasoline_1948_Standard_Oil
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle.
A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public health fight was forgotten by the 1980s, and nearly identical arguments were replayed in public, scientific and governmental arenas. However, this time TEL, the industry lostthe fight. The TEL controversy is a good example of Santayana¹s famous aphorism: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This clip is from the 1948 US Bureau of Mines film, the Story of Gasoline.
- published: 30 Mar 2013
- views: 2204
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 7663
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy ov...
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy over the phase-out of leaded gasoline is familiar to most people, since the transition to unleaded fuel occurred less than 20 years ago. The early 20th century controversy over the introduction of Ethyl brand leaded gasoline is not well known. A longstanding policy question of great importance has been whether technology is best shaped by private or by public interests. We are inundated with reasons to deregulate technology today, but the Ethyl conflict provides a cautionary tale about what happens when there is a vacuum of regulation. "Ethyl" brand leaded gasoline, a higher octane gasoline sold between 1923 and 1986, is now banned in most nations for public health reasons. Ethyl leaded gasoline is the confusing brand name choice for which was an anti-knock (octane boosting) gasoline additive discovered by General Motors researchers and introduced commercially in Ohio in 1923. Ethyl is also the corporate name of the joint GM-Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon) venture established in 1924 to market the additive. Since GM was 38 percent owned by the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours at the time, there were initially three partners. The general public first learned of TEL in late October,1924 when half a dozen workers went violently insane and then died, apparently from a mysterious poison they were making at a Standard oil refinery in New Jersey. When it became clear that this poison was being put into gasoline, and that other workers had died in similar refineries, a vehement public health controversy broke out. GM and Standard insisted that TEL was only dangerous in concentrated form at the refinery, not when diluted in gasoline. But public health scientists, including Dr. Alice Hamilton of Harvard, said it was an important public health question and insisted that safer alternatives should be used. An expert committee in January 1926, issued a report stating that there was "no good grounds for prohibiting the use of Ethyl gasoline," provided that its own investigation was not allowed to lapse. In fact, no independent investigations were continued, although Ethyl financed decades of research through the University of Cincinnati. In 1965 and 1966, scholarship and Congressional testimony, especially from Clair Patterson, a California Institute of Technology geochemist, showed that Ethyl's Cincinnati research was based on questionable and probably fabricated data. In 1972 the Environmental Protection Agency began a regulatory process that phased out leaded gasoline. Many studies, especially early studies by Herbert Needleman and associates, found children highly affected by leaded gasoline. The phase out process took until 1986 in the US, another 15 years in Europe and is still underway in most developing nations. The toxic effects of lead include damage to the nervous system, learning impairments and behavioral problems. High lead levels in many urban areas are from leaded gasoline more than lead paint. Concerns about damage from widespread lead poisoning turned out to have been justified, as Henderson, Hamilton and others foresaw in 1925. The story of their public health advocacy, especially with its emphasis on alternative technologies, deserves to be remembered. This description is primarily from the 2003 article, Ethyl: The 1920s Environmental Conflict Over Leaded Gasoline and Alternative Fuels, by William Kovarik, Ph.D. Read the entire article at http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/papers/ethylconflict.html#abs . Read a detailed account of this tragic history in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from a collection of Some Old Gasoline and Auto Engine Additive Commercials from the 1950sand 60s available at the Internet Archive.
https://wn.com/What_Is_The_Unnamed_Special_Ingredient_In_Ethyl_Gasoline_(Lead)_1950S
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra ethyl lead (TEL). The late 20th century environmental controversy over the phase-out of leaded gasoline is familiar to most people, since the transition to unleaded fuel occurred less than 20 years ago. The early 20th century controversy over the introduction of Ethyl brand leaded gasoline is not well known. A longstanding policy question of great importance has been whether technology is best shaped by private or by public interests. We are inundated with reasons to deregulate technology today, but the Ethyl conflict provides a cautionary tale about what happens when there is a vacuum of regulation. "Ethyl" brand leaded gasoline, a higher octane gasoline sold between 1923 and 1986, is now banned in most nations for public health reasons. Ethyl leaded gasoline is the confusing brand name choice for which was an anti-knock (octane boosting) gasoline additive discovered by General Motors researchers and introduced commercially in Ohio in 1923. Ethyl is also the corporate name of the joint GM-Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon) venture established in 1924 to market the additive. Since GM was 38 percent owned by the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours at the time, there were initially three partners. The general public first learned of TEL in late October,1924 when half a dozen workers went violently insane and then died, apparently from a mysterious poison they were making at a Standard oil refinery in New Jersey. When it became clear that this poison was being put into gasoline, and that other workers had died in similar refineries, a vehement public health controversy broke out. GM and Standard insisted that TEL was only dangerous in concentrated form at the refinery, not when diluted in gasoline. But public health scientists, including Dr. Alice Hamilton of Harvard, said it was an important public health question and insisted that safer alternatives should be used. An expert committee in January 1926, issued a report stating that there was "no good grounds for prohibiting the use of Ethyl gasoline," provided that its own investigation was not allowed to lapse. In fact, no independent investigations were continued, although Ethyl financed decades of research through the University of Cincinnati. In 1965 and 1966, scholarship and Congressional testimony, especially from Clair Patterson, a California Institute of Technology geochemist, showed that Ethyl's Cincinnati research was based on questionable and probably fabricated data. In 1972 the Environmental Protection Agency began a regulatory process that phased out leaded gasoline. Many studies, especially early studies by Herbert Needleman and associates, found children highly affected by leaded gasoline. The phase out process took until 1986 in the US, another 15 years in Europe and is still underway in most developing nations. The toxic effects of lead include damage to the nervous system, learning impairments and behavioral problems. High lead levels in many urban areas are from leaded gasoline more than lead paint. Concerns about damage from widespread lead poisoning turned out to have been justified, as Henderson, Hamilton and others foresaw in 1925. The story of their public health advocacy, especially with its emphasis on alternative technologies, deserves to be remembered. This description is primarily from the 2003 article, Ethyl: The 1920s Environmental Conflict Over Leaded Gasoline and Alternative Fuels, by William Kovarik, Ph.D. Read the entire article at http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/papers/ethylconflict.html#abs . Read a detailed account of this tragic history in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This is clipped from a collection of Some Old Gasoline and Auto Engine Additive Commercials from the 1950sand 60s available at the Internet Archive.
- published: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 7663
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:58
- Updated: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 4786
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/
Everything under the hood, explained by Pa...
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/
Everything under the hood, explained by Pat Goss from Goss' Garage! Send your question at radio@goss-garage.com or call 844-885-GOSS (4677) with your question to Pat.
Tune in on Saturday, 1PM ET live on TuneIn Radio at http://tunein.com/radio/Goss-Garage-s... to listen to the show!
https://wn.com/Leaded_Fuel_For_Older_Engines_Goss_Garage_With_Pat_Goss
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website at http://goss-garage.com/
Everything under the hood, explained by Pat Goss from Goss' Garage! Send your question at radio@goss-garage.com or call 844-885-GOSS (4677) with your question to Pat.
Tune in on Saturday, 1PM ET live on TuneIn Radio at http://tunein.com/radio/Goss-Garage-s... to listen to the show!
- published: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 4786
-
Farming: Pattern for Progress circa 1941 Ethyl Corporation
more at http://quickfound.net/links/agriculture_news_and_links.html On the traditional family farm, with some mention of how higher-powered gasoline helps out. Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia in the United States. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among...
published: 03 Jan 2015 -
The Inside Story of Modern Gasoline circa 1946 Standard Oil Company of Indiana
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net 'Describes (in partly animated form: "talking gasoline drops," etc!) the refining of gasoline, its chemical breakdown, etc; excellent shots of gasoline stations (with the "Royal Crown" glass globes atop the gas pumps; striking images), and oil refineries. Good shots fo stop light changing from red to green; driver's POV on Western highway; CU speedometer accelerating to 50 MPH; CU gas jet stovetop; beautiful Chrysler "Town and Country" ("Woody") on rural highway. ' A revised version of this film from the Bureau of Mines was released in the mid-1950s as "The Story of Gasoline"; here with better sound but no color: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVZjg4c93mA Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, wit...
published: 21 Jan 2015 -
Catalyst: Lead Astray
Could exposure in childhood lead to an adult life marked by violent crime? In the latter half of the 20th century, violent crime soared in many countries. Recent research suggests leaded petrol emissions may be behind the epidemic. Anja Taylor investigates current sources of lead exposure and its developmental effects on children. #ABCcatalyst
published: 10 Feb 2015 -
The Story of Gasolilne circa 1956 US Bureau of Mines; Oil Refinery Operations
more at: http://scitech.quickfound.net/geology_news_and_links.html How gasoline is made from crude oil. This film was listed as from 1948, but mid-1950s cars are clearly in the pictures. Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied. The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline Gasoline is a toxic, translucent, petroleum-derived liquid that is primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. Some gasolines also contain ethanol a...
published: 28 Oct 2014 -
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film Gasoline outside of North America, is a transparent, petroleum-derived fluid that is utilized mostly as a gas in interior burning engines. It is composed mostly of natural materials acquired by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a range of ingredients; a 42-gallon barrel of unrefined oil returns concerning 19 gallons of fuel, when processed in an oil refinery. The quality of a specific gasoline mix to withstand firing up prematurely (which triggers knocking and reduces effectiveness in returning the compliment engines) is gauged by its octane rating. Gas is generated in numerous grades of octane rating. Tetraethyllead and various other lead materials are no longer utilized in most areas to control a...
published: 09 Mar 2015 -
Impulse Control
This week we discuss tetraethyllead, alcoholism, and irresistible impulses. We also talk about the Twinkie Defense, lead poisoning, and affluenza. For more information about the podcast and to view the copious show notes, visit http://letsknowthings.com. Become a patron on Patreon: http://patreon.com/letsknowthings Vote for LKT in the News & Politics category of the Podcast Awards: http://www.podcastawards.com/app/signup My new book Becoming Who We Need To Be is available as an audiobook, paperback, and ebook: http://colin.io
published: 04 Jul 2017 -
Fuel
you are welcome
published: 01 Feb 2016 -
Mod-01 Introduction
Process Design Decisions and Project Economics by Dr. Vijay S. Moholkar,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Guwahati.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
published: 10 Apr 2014 -
Gasoline (Petrol): Where we will be without it?
Gasoline (American English) or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. On average, a 42-gallon barrel of crude oil (159 L) yields about 19 US gallons (72 L) of gasoline when processed in an oil refinery, though this varies based on the crude oil source's assay. The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating. Gasoline is produced in several grades of octane rating. Tetraethyllead and other lead compounds are no longer used in most ar...
published: 30 Jun 2017 -
Rolls-Royce Merlin
The Rolls-Royce Merlin is a British liquid-cooled, V-12, piston aero engine, of 27-litre (1,650 cu in) capacity. Rolls-Royce Limited designed and built the engine which was initially known as the PV-12: the PV-12 became known as the Merlin following the company convention of naming its piston aero engines after birds of prey. The PV-12 first ran in 1933 and, after several modifications, the first production variants were built in 1936. The first operational aircraft to enter service using the Merlin were the Fairey Battle, Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire. More Merlins were made for the four-engined Avro Lancaster heavy bomber than for any other aircraft; however, the engine is most closely associated with the Spitfire, starting with the Spitfire's maiden flight in 1936. A series ...
published: 06 Nov 2014
Farming: Pattern for Progress circa 1941 Ethyl Corporation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:23
- Updated: 03 Jan 2015
- views: 1023
more at http://quickfound.net/links/agriculture_news_and_links.html
On the traditional family farm, with some mention of how higher-powered gasoline helps out....
more at http://quickfound.net/links/agriculture_news_and_links.html
On the traditional family farm, with some mention of how higher-powered gasoline helps out.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia in the United States. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive, via a marketing/sales agreement with Octel Corporation (now known as Innospec)...
History
Founded in 1923, Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (Esso). General Motors had the "use patent" for tetraethyllead (TEL) as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., Charles Kettering, and later Charles Allen Thomas, and Esso had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own, and Ethyl started running its own operations.
In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation," owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time.
During the 1970s and 1980s, the Ethyl Corporation expanded and diversified in response to the gradual decline of the market for TEL, as the automotive industry shifted to unleaded gasoline. In the late 1980s, Ethyl began to spin off a number of divisions. The aluminum, plastics, and energy units became Tredegar Corporation in 1989. In 1993, it spun off its life insurance company, First Colony Life, and then in 1994, the specialty chemicals business was spun off as an independent, publicly traded company named Albemarle Corporation.
In 2004, Ethyl Corporation changed its name to NewMarket Corporation (NYSE: NEU), the parent company of Afton Chemical Corporation, manufacturer of lubricant and fuel additives, and Ethyl Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of certain fuel additives, including tetraethyllead, which is no longer allowed in fuel for on-highway vehicles, but is still used in aviation gasoline and some racing gasolines, for which there is no alternative to TEL.
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead has been recognized as a contributor to soil, air and water lead pollution, and is toxic to humans. Lead pollution has increased by over 625 times previous levels in the past century due partly to pollution by leaded fuel. Ethyl Corporation historically denied that tetraethyllead poses significant public health risks in excess of those associated with gasoline itself.
Tetraethyllead was supplied for blending with raw gasoline in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which blended tetraethyllead with the lead scavengers 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Ethyl fluid contained a dye which would distinguish treated gasoline from untreated gasoline and discourage the diversion of gasoline for other purposes, such as cleaning.
https://wn.com/Farming_Pattern_For_Progress_Circa_1941_Ethyl_Corporation
more at http://quickfound.net/links/agriculture_news_and_links.html
On the traditional family farm, with some mention of how higher-powered gasoline helps out.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation
Ethyl Corporation is a fuel additive company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia in the United States. The company is a manufacturer, blender and distributor of fuel additives. Among other products, Ethyl Corporation distributes tetraethyllead, a gasoline antiknock additive, via a marketing/sales agreement with Octel Corporation (now known as Innospec)...
History
Founded in 1923, Ethyl Corp was formed by General Motors and Standard Oil of New Jersey (Esso). General Motors had the "use patent" for tetraethyllead (TEL) as an antiknock, based on the work of Thomas Midgley, Jr., Charles Kettering, and later Charles Allen Thomas, and Esso had the patent for the manufacture of TEL. Since the patents affected the marketing of TEL, General Motors and ESSO formed Ethyl Corp; each parent company had a 50% stake in the new corporation. Since neither company had chemical plant experience, they hired Dupont to operate the manufacturing facilities. After patents ran out, Dupont started manufacture of TEL on their own, and Ethyl started running its own operations.
In 1962, Albemarle Paper Manufacturing Company, in Richmond, borrowed $200 million and purchased Ethyl Corporation (Delaware), a corporation 13 times its size. Albemarle then changed its name to Ethyl Corporation. It is believed that General Motors thought to divest itself of "Ethyl Corporation," owing to concern about liabilities of TEL. The 1962 transaction was the largest leveraged buyout until that time.
During the 1970s and 1980s, the Ethyl Corporation expanded and diversified in response to the gradual decline of the market for TEL, as the automotive industry shifted to unleaded gasoline. In the late 1980s, Ethyl began to spin off a number of divisions. The aluminum, plastics, and energy units became Tredegar Corporation in 1989. In 1993, it spun off its life insurance company, First Colony Life, and then in 1994, the specialty chemicals business was spun off as an independent, publicly traded company named Albemarle Corporation.
In 2004, Ethyl Corporation changed its name to NewMarket Corporation (NYSE: NEU), the parent company of Afton Chemical Corporation, manufacturer of lubricant and fuel additives, and Ethyl Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of certain fuel additives, including tetraethyllead, which is no longer allowed in fuel for on-highway vehicles, but is still used in aviation gasoline and some racing gasolines, for which there is no alternative to TEL.
Tetraethyllead
Tetraethyllead has been recognized as a contributor to soil, air and water lead pollution, and is toxic to humans. Lead pollution has increased by over 625 times previous levels in the past century due partly to pollution by leaded fuel. Ethyl Corporation historically denied that tetraethyllead poses significant public health risks in excess of those associated with gasoline itself.
Tetraethyllead was supplied for blending with raw gasoline in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which blended tetraethyllead with the lead scavengers 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. Ethyl fluid contained a dye which would distinguish treated gasoline from untreated gasoline and discourage the diversion of gasoline for other purposes, such as cleaning.
- published: 03 Jan 2015
- views: 1023
The Inside Story of Modern Gasoline circa 1946 Standard Oil Company of Indiana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:38
- Updated: 21 Jan 2015
- views: 4736
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net
'Describes (in partly animated form: "talking gasoline drops," etc!) the refining of gasoline, its chemical breakdown,...
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net
'Describes (in partly animated form: "talking gasoline drops," etc!) the refining of gasoline, its chemical breakdown, etc; excellent shots of gasoline stations (with the "Royal Crown" glass globes atop the gas pumps; striking images), and oil refineries. Good shots fo stop light changing from red to green; driver's POV on Western highway; CU speedometer accelerating to 50 MPH; CU gas jet stovetop; beautiful Chrysler "Town and Country" ("Woody") on rural highway. '
A revised version of this film from the Bureau of Mines was released in the mid-1950s as "The Story of Gasoline"; here with better sound but no color: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVZjg4c93mA
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline
Gasoline is a toxic, translucent, petroleum-derived liquid that is primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. Some gasolines also contain ethanol as an alternative fuel. In North America, the term "gasoline" is often shortened in colloquial usage to "gas", whereas most current or former Commonwealth nations use the term "petrol". Under normal ambient conditions its material state is liquid, unlike liquefied petroleum gas or "natural gas".
Volatility
Gasoline is more volatile than diesel oil, Jet-A, or kerosene, not only because of the base constituents, but also because of additives. Volatility is often controlled by blending with butane, which boils at -0.5 °C. The volatility of gasoline is determined by the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) test...
...in some cases, gasoline can also combust abnormally by detonation, which wastes energy and can damage the engine. This phenomenon is often referred to as engine knocking. One way to reduce detonation is to increase the gasoline's resistance to autoignition, which is expressed by its octane rating.
Octane rating is measured relative to a mixture of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an isomer of octane) and n-heptane. There are different conventions for expressing octane ratings, so a fuel may have several different octane ratings based on the measure used. Research octane number (RON) for commercially-available gasoline varies by country... In the UK, ordinary regular unleaded petrol is 91 RON... premium unleaded petrol is always 95 RON, and super unleaded is usually 97-98 RON. However, both Shell and BP produce fuel at 102 RON for cars with high-performance engines... In the US, octane ratings in unleaded fuels can vary between 86 and 87 AKI (91-92 RON) for regular, through 89-90 AKI (94-95 RON) for mid-grade, up to 90-94 AKI (95-99 RON) for premium.
The octane rating became important as the military sought higher output for aircraft engines in the late 1930s and the 1940s. A higher octane rating allows a higher compression ratio, and thus higher temperatures and pressures, which translate to higher power output...
Tetraethyl lead
Gasoline, when used in high-compression internal combustion engines, has a tendency to autoignite (detonate) causing damaging "engine knocking" (also called "pinging" or "pinking") noise. Early research into this effect was led by A.H. Gibson and Harry Ricardo in England and Thomas Midgley and Thomas Boyd in the United States. The discovery that lead additives modified this behavior led to the widespread adoption of their use in the 1920s, and therefore more powerful, higher compression engines. The most popular additive was tetra-ethyl lead. With the discovery of the extent of environmental and health damage caused by the lead, however, and the incompatibility of lead with catalytic converters found on virtually all newly sold US automobiles since 1975, this practice began to wane (encouraged by many governments introducing differential tax rates) in the 1980s.
In the US, where lead had been blended with gasoline (primarily to boost octane levels) since the early 1920s, standards to phase out leaded gasoline were first implemented in 1973 - due in great part to studies conducted by Philip J. Landrigan. In 1995, leaded fuel accounted for only 0.6% of total gasoline sales and less than 2000 short tons (1814 t) of lead per year. From 1 January 1996, the Clean Air Act banned the sale of leaded fuel for use in on-road vehicles. Possession and use of leaded gasoline in a regular on-road vehicle now carries a maximum $10,000 fine in the US. However, fuel containing lead may continue to be sold for off-road uses, including aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines.
https://wn.com/The_Inside_Story_Of_Modern_Gasoline_Circa_1946_Standard_Oil_Company_Of_Indiana
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net
'Describes (in partly animated form: "talking gasoline drops," etc!) the refining of gasoline, its chemical breakdown, etc; excellent shots of gasoline stations (with the "Royal Crown" glass globes atop the gas pumps; striking images), and oil refineries. Good shots fo stop light changing from red to green; driver's POV on Western highway; CU speedometer accelerating to 50 MPH; CU gas jet stovetop; beautiful Chrysler "Town and Country" ("Woody") on rural highway. '
A revised version of this film from the Bureau of Mines was released in the mid-1950s as "The Story of Gasoline"; here with better sound but no color: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVZjg4c93mA
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline
Gasoline is a toxic, translucent, petroleum-derived liquid that is primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. Some gasolines also contain ethanol as an alternative fuel. In North America, the term "gasoline" is often shortened in colloquial usage to "gas", whereas most current or former Commonwealth nations use the term "petrol". Under normal ambient conditions its material state is liquid, unlike liquefied petroleum gas or "natural gas".
Volatility
Gasoline is more volatile than diesel oil, Jet-A, or kerosene, not only because of the base constituents, but also because of additives. Volatility is often controlled by blending with butane, which boils at -0.5 °C. The volatility of gasoline is determined by the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) test...
...in some cases, gasoline can also combust abnormally by detonation, which wastes energy and can damage the engine. This phenomenon is often referred to as engine knocking. One way to reduce detonation is to increase the gasoline's resistance to autoignition, which is expressed by its octane rating.
Octane rating is measured relative to a mixture of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an isomer of octane) and n-heptane. There are different conventions for expressing octane ratings, so a fuel may have several different octane ratings based on the measure used. Research octane number (RON) for commercially-available gasoline varies by country... In the UK, ordinary regular unleaded petrol is 91 RON... premium unleaded petrol is always 95 RON, and super unleaded is usually 97-98 RON. However, both Shell and BP produce fuel at 102 RON for cars with high-performance engines... In the US, octane ratings in unleaded fuels can vary between 86 and 87 AKI (91-92 RON) for regular, through 89-90 AKI (94-95 RON) for mid-grade, up to 90-94 AKI (95-99 RON) for premium.
The octane rating became important as the military sought higher output for aircraft engines in the late 1930s and the 1940s. A higher octane rating allows a higher compression ratio, and thus higher temperatures and pressures, which translate to higher power output...
Tetraethyl lead
Gasoline, when used in high-compression internal combustion engines, has a tendency to autoignite (detonate) causing damaging "engine knocking" (also called "pinging" or "pinking") noise. Early research into this effect was led by A.H. Gibson and Harry Ricardo in England and Thomas Midgley and Thomas Boyd in the United States. The discovery that lead additives modified this behavior led to the widespread adoption of their use in the 1920s, and therefore more powerful, higher compression engines. The most popular additive was tetra-ethyl lead. With the discovery of the extent of environmental and health damage caused by the lead, however, and the incompatibility of lead with catalytic converters found on virtually all newly sold US automobiles since 1975, this practice began to wane (encouraged by many governments introducing differential tax rates) in the 1980s.
In the US, where lead had been blended with gasoline (primarily to boost octane levels) since the early 1920s, standards to phase out leaded gasoline were first implemented in 1973 - due in great part to studies conducted by Philip J. Landrigan. In 1995, leaded fuel accounted for only 0.6% of total gasoline sales and less than 2000 short tons (1814 t) of lead per year. From 1 January 1996, the Clean Air Act banned the sale of leaded fuel for use in on-road vehicles. Possession and use of leaded gasoline in a regular on-road vehicle now carries a maximum $10,000 fine in the US. However, fuel containing lead may continue to be sold for off-road uses, including aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines.
- published: 21 Jan 2015
- views: 4736
Catalyst: Lead Astray
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:00
- Updated: 10 Feb 2015
- views: 2199
Could exposure in childhood lead to an adult life marked by violent crime?
In the latter half of the 20th century, violent crime soared in many countries. Rece...
Could exposure in childhood lead to an adult life marked by violent crime?
In the latter half of the 20th century, violent crime soared in many countries. Recent research suggests leaded petrol emissions may be behind the epidemic. Anja Taylor investigates current sources of lead exposure and its developmental effects on children.
#ABCcatalyst
https://wn.com/Catalyst_Lead_Astray
Could exposure in childhood lead to an adult life marked by violent crime?
In the latter half of the 20th century, violent crime soared in many countries. Recent research suggests leaded petrol emissions may be behind the epidemic. Anja Taylor investigates current sources of lead exposure and its developmental effects on children.
#ABCcatalyst
- published: 10 Feb 2015
- views: 2199
The Story of Gasolilne circa 1956 US Bureau of Mines; Oil Refinery Operations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:04
- Updated: 28 Oct 2014
- views: 4328
more at: http://scitech.quickfound.net/geology_news_and_links.html
How gasoline is made from crude oil. This film was listed as from 1948, but mid-1950s cars a...
more at: http://scitech.quickfound.net/geology_news_and_links.html
How gasoline is made from crude oil. This film was listed as from 1948, but mid-1950s cars are clearly in the pictures.
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline
Gasoline is a toxic, translucent, petroleum-derived liquid that is primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. Some gasolines also contain ethanol as an alternative fuel. In North America, the term "gasoline" is often shortened in colloquial usage to "gas", whereas most current or former Commonwealth nations use the term "petrol". Under normal ambient conditions its material state is liquid, unlike liquefied petroleum gas or "natural gas".
Volatility
Gasoline is more volatile than diesel oil, Jet-A, or kerosene, not only because of the base constituents, but also because of additives. Volatility is often controlled by blending with butane, which boils at -0.5 °C. The volatility of gasoline is determined by the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) test...
In hot weather, excessive volatility results in what is known as "vapor lock", where combustion fails to occur, because the liquid fuel has changed to a gaseous fuel in the fuel lines, rendering the fuel pump ineffective and starving the engine of fuel... vapor lock is almost never a problem in a vehicle with fuel injection...
...in some cases, gasoline can also combust abnormally by detonation, which wastes energy and can damage the engine. This phenomenon is often referred to as engine knocking. One way to reduce detonation is to increase the gasoline's resistance to autoignition, which is expressed by its octane rating.
Octane rating is measured relative to a mixture of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an isomer of octane) and n-heptane. There are different conventions for expressing octane ratings, so a fuel may have several different octane ratings based on the measure used. Research octane number (RON) for commercially-available gasoline varies by country... In the UK, ordinary regular unleaded petrol is 91 RON... premium unleaded petrol is always 95 RON, and super unleaded is usually 97-98 RON. However, both Shell and BP produce fuel at 102 RON for cars with high-performance engines... In the US, octane ratings in unleaded fuels can vary between 86 and 87 AKI (91-92 RON) for regular, through 89-90 AKI (94-95 RON) for mid-grade, up to 90-94 AKI (95-99 RON) for premium.
The octane rating became important as the military sought higher output for aircraft engines in the late 1930s and the 1940s. A higher octane rating allows a higher compression ratio, and thus higher temperatures and pressures, which translate to higher power output...
Tetraethyl lead
Gasoline, when used in high-compression internal combustion engines, has a tendency to autoignite (detonate) causing damaging "engine knocking" (also called "pinging" or "pinking") noise. Early research into this effect was led by A.H. Gibson and Harry Ricardo in England and Thomas Midgley and Thomas Boyd in the United States. The discovery that lead additives modified this behavior led to the widespread adoption of their use in the 1920s, and therefore more powerful, higher compression engines. The most popular additive was tetra-ethyl lead. With the discovery of the extent of environmental and health damage caused by the lead, however, and the incompatibility of lead with catalytic converters found on virtually all newly sold US automobiles since 1975, this practice began to wane (encouraged by many governments introducing differential tax rates) in the 1980s.
In the US, where lead had been blended with gasoline (primarily to boost octane levels) since the early 1920s, standards to phase out leaded gasoline were first implemented in 1973 - due in great part to studies conducted by Philip J. Landrigan. In 1995, leaded fuel accounted for only 0.6% of total gasoline sales and less than 2000 short tons (1814 t) of lead per year. From 1 January 1996, the Clean Air Act banned the sale of leaded fuel for use in on-road vehicles. Possession and use of leaded gasoline in a regular on-road vehicle now carries a maximum $10,000 fine in the US. However, fuel containing lead may continue to be sold for off-road uses, including aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines.
https://wn.com/The_Story_Of_Gasolilne_Circa_1956_US_Bureau_Of_Mines_Oil_Refinery_Operations
more at: http://scitech.quickfound.net/geology_news_and_links.html
How gasoline is made from crude oil. This film was listed as from 1948, but mid-1950s cars are clearly in the pictures.
Public domain film from the National Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline
Gasoline is a toxic, translucent, petroleum-derived liquid that is primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. Some gasolines also contain ethanol as an alternative fuel. In North America, the term "gasoline" is often shortened in colloquial usage to "gas", whereas most current or former Commonwealth nations use the term "petrol". Under normal ambient conditions its material state is liquid, unlike liquefied petroleum gas or "natural gas".
Volatility
Gasoline is more volatile than diesel oil, Jet-A, or kerosene, not only because of the base constituents, but also because of additives. Volatility is often controlled by blending with butane, which boils at -0.5 °C. The volatility of gasoline is determined by the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) test...
In hot weather, excessive volatility results in what is known as "vapor lock", where combustion fails to occur, because the liquid fuel has changed to a gaseous fuel in the fuel lines, rendering the fuel pump ineffective and starving the engine of fuel... vapor lock is almost never a problem in a vehicle with fuel injection...
...in some cases, gasoline can also combust abnormally by detonation, which wastes energy and can damage the engine. This phenomenon is often referred to as engine knocking. One way to reduce detonation is to increase the gasoline's resistance to autoignition, which is expressed by its octane rating.
Octane rating is measured relative to a mixture of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an isomer of octane) and n-heptane. There are different conventions for expressing octane ratings, so a fuel may have several different octane ratings based on the measure used. Research octane number (RON) for commercially-available gasoline varies by country... In the UK, ordinary regular unleaded petrol is 91 RON... premium unleaded petrol is always 95 RON, and super unleaded is usually 97-98 RON. However, both Shell and BP produce fuel at 102 RON for cars with high-performance engines... In the US, octane ratings in unleaded fuels can vary between 86 and 87 AKI (91-92 RON) for regular, through 89-90 AKI (94-95 RON) for mid-grade, up to 90-94 AKI (95-99 RON) for premium.
The octane rating became important as the military sought higher output for aircraft engines in the late 1930s and the 1940s. A higher octane rating allows a higher compression ratio, and thus higher temperatures and pressures, which translate to higher power output...
Tetraethyl lead
Gasoline, when used in high-compression internal combustion engines, has a tendency to autoignite (detonate) causing damaging "engine knocking" (also called "pinging" or "pinking") noise. Early research into this effect was led by A.H. Gibson and Harry Ricardo in England and Thomas Midgley and Thomas Boyd in the United States. The discovery that lead additives modified this behavior led to the widespread adoption of their use in the 1920s, and therefore more powerful, higher compression engines. The most popular additive was tetra-ethyl lead. With the discovery of the extent of environmental and health damage caused by the lead, however, and the incompatibility of lead with catalytic converters found on virtually all newly sold US automobiles since 1975, this practice began to wane (encouraged by many governments introducing differential tax rates) in the 1980s.
In the US, where lead had been blended with gasoline (primarily to boost octane levels) since the early 1920s, standards to phase out leaded gasoline were first implemented in 1973 - due in great part to studies conducted by Philip J. Landrigan. In 1995, leaded fuel accounted for only 0.6% of total gasoline sales and less than 2000 short tons (1814 t) of lead per year. From 1 January 1996, the Clean Air Act banned the sale of leaded fuel for use in on-road vehicles. Possession and use of leaded gasoline in a regular on-road vehicle now carries a maximum $10,000 fine in the US. However, fuel containing lead may continue to be sold for off-road uses, including aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines.
- published: 28 Oct 2014
- views: 4328
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:23
- Updated: 09 Mar 2015
- views: 116063
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
Gasoline outside of North America, is a transparent, petroleum-derived fluid that is utili...
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
Gasoline outside of North America, is a transparent, petroleum-derived fluid that is utilized mostly as a gas in interior burning engines. It is composed mostly of natural materials acquired by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a range of ingredients; a 42-gallon barrel of unrefined oil returns concerning 19 gallons of fuel, when processed in an oil refinery.
The quality of a specific gasoline mix to withstand firing up prematurely (which triggers knocking and reduces effectiveness in returning the compliment engines) is gauged by its octane rating. Gas is generated in numerous grades of octane rating. Tetraethyllead and various other lead materials are no longer utilized in most areas to control and enhance octane-rating, but several other ingredients are placed into gas to enhance its chemical security, command corrosiveness and give gas system 'upkeep,' and figure out efficiency characteristics under meant use. Often, gasoline likewise includes ethanol as a different gas, for ecological or financial reasons.
WILD LIFE DOCUMENTARIES - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHII0dQDT30T4lN6qGy8f3Ndm
RELIGION DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIIApKOXifEvgHoQxXeoewaR
HISTORY DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIIFtbbgSotwgkwCduxG1YlK
ADVENTURE DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIJ_fsqbIakXabFf44jPBm-E
HEALTH AND MEDICINE DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHILBMJN0wvBfAsDVXzz0GEIH
PEOPLE DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHILcEazOCor7wbrXTIn3gNkX
TECHNOLOGY DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIK8tVs-9jdosdco5hbQQl6n
SUPERNATURAL DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIIraIeCulhClPA004pED-Vg
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Tags:
Gasoline History,
Gasoline Documentaries,
Gasoline Documentary,
Gasoline Full Documentary,
Gasoline Documentary Films,
Gasoline History Documentary Films,
Gasoline
https://wn.com/Gasoline_100_Years_Of_Science_And_Sweat_History_Documentary_Film
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
Gasoline outside of North America, is a transparent, petroleum-derived fluid that is utilized mostly as a gas in interior burning engines. It is composed mostly of natural materials acquired by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a range of ingredients; a 42-gallon barrel of unrefined oil returns concerning 19 gallons of fuel, when processed in an oil refinery.
The quality of a specific gasoline mix to withstand firing up prematurely (which triggers knocking and reduces effectiveness in returning the compliment engines) is gauged by its octane rating. Gas is generated in numerous grades of octane rating. Tetraethyllead and various other lead materials are no longer utilized in most areas to control and enhance octane-rating, but several other ingredients are placed into gas to enhance its chemical security, command corrosiveness and give gas system 'upkeep,' and figure out efficiency characteristics under meant use. Often, gasoline likewise includes ethanol as a different gas, for ecological or financial reasons.
WILD LIFE DOCUMENTARIES - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHII0dQDT30T4lN6qGy8f3Ndm
RELIGION DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIIApKOXifEvgHoQxXeoewaR
HISTORY DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIIFtbbgSotwgkwCduxG1YlK
ADVENTURE DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIJ_fsqbIakXabFf44jPBm-E
HEALTH AND MEDICINE DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHILBMJN0wvBfAsDVXzz0GEIH
PEOPLE DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHILcEazOCor7wbrXTIn3gNkX
TECHNOLOGY DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIK8tVs-9jdosdco5hbQQl6n
SUPERNATURAL DOCUMENTARY - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL89NZer-bHIIraIeCulhClPA004pED-Vg
World Geographic Channel - https://www.youtube.com/user/TheWorldgeographicch
Follow us :
http://worldgeographicchannel.blogspot.com/
http://worlddocumentarychannel.blogspot.com/
http://documentarychannelhd.blogspot.com/
http://amazingdocumentaryfilms.blogspot.com/
http://topamazingdocumentaries.blogspot.com/
http://bestdocumentarychannel.blogspot.com/
http://top-documentaryfilms.blogspot.com/
Tags:
Gasoline History,
Gasoline Documentaries,
Gasoline Documentary,
Gasoline Full Documentary,
Gasoline Documentary Films,
Gasoline History Documentary Films,
Gasoline
- published: 09 Mar 2015
- views: 116063
Impulse Control
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:59
- Updated: 04 Jul 2017
- views: 241
This week we discuss tetraethyllead, alcoholism, and irresistible impulses.
We also talk about the Twinkie Defense, lead poisoning, and affluenza.
For more in...
This week we discuss tetraethyllead, alcoholism, and irresistible impulses.
We also talk about the Twinkie Defense, lead poisoning, and affluenza.
For more information about the podcast and to view the copious show notes, visit http://letsknowthings.com.
Become a patron on Patreon: http://patreon.com/letsknowthings
Vote for LKT in the News & Politics category of the Podcast Awards: http://www.podcastawards.com/app/signup
My new book Becoming Who We Need To Be is available as an audiobook, paperback, and ebook: http://colin.io
https://wn.com/Impulse_Control
This week we discuss tetraethyllead, alcoholism, and irresistible impulses.
We also talk about the Twinkie Defense, lead poisoning, and affluenza.
For more information about the podcast and to view the copious show notes, visit http://letsknowthings.com.
Become a patron on Patreon: http://patreon.com/letsknowthings
Vote for LKT in the News & Politics category of the Podcast Awards: http://www.podcastawards.com/app/signup
My new book Becoming Who We Need To Be is available as an audiobook, paperback, and ebook: http://colin.io
- published: 04 Jul 2017
- views: 241
Fuel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:02
- Updated: 01 Feb 2016
- views: 282
you are welcome
you are welcome
https://wn.com/Fuel
you are welcome
- published: 01 Feb 2016
- views: 282
Mod-01 Introduction
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:47
- Updated: 10 Apr 2014
- views: 16913
Process Design Decisions and Project Economics by Dr. Vijay S. Moholkar,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Guwahati.For more details on NPTEL visit http://n...
Process Design Decisions and Project Economics by Dr. Vijay S. Moholkar,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Guwahati.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
https://wn.com/Mod_01_Introduction
Process Design Decisions and Project Economics by Dr. Vijay S. Moholkar,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Guwahati.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
- published: 10 Apr 2014
- views: 16913
Gasoline (Petrol): Where we will be without it?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:55
- Updated: 30 Jun 2017
- views: 841
Gasoline (American English) or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engi...
Gasoline (American English) or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. On average, a 42-gallon barrel of crude oil (159 L) yields about 19 US gallons (72 L) of gasoline when processed in an oil refinery, though this varies based on the crude oil source's assay.
The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating. Gasoline is produced in several grades of octane rating. Tetraethyllead and other lead compounds are no longer used in most areas to regulate and increase octane-rating, but many other additives are put into gasoline to improve its chemical stability, control corrosiveness and provide fuel system 'cleaning,' and determine performance characteristics under intended use. Sometimes, gasoline also contains ethanol as an alternative fuel, for economic or environmental reasons.
Gasoline, as used worldwide in the vast number of internal combustion engines used in transport and industry, has a significant impact on the environment, both in local effects (e.g., smog) and in global effects (e.g., effect on the climate). Gasoline may also enter the environment uncombusted, as liquid and as vapors, from leakage and handling during production, transport and delivery, from storage tanks, from spills, etc. As an example of efforts to control such leakage, many (underground) storage tanks are required to have extensive measures in place to detect and prevent such leaks.[citation needed] Gasoline contains benzene and other known carcinogens
https://wn.com/Gasoline_(Petrol)_Where_We_Will_Be_Without_It
Gasoline (American English) or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. On average, a 42-gallon barrel of crude oil (159 L) yields about 19 US gallons (72 L) of gasoline when processed in an oil refinery, though this varies based on the crude oil source's assay.
The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating. Gasoline is produced in several grades of octane rating. Tetraethyllead and other lead compounds are no longer used in most areas to regulate and increase octane-rating, but many other additives are put into gasoline to improve its chemical stability, control corrosiveness and provide fuel system 'cleaning,' and determine performance characteristics under intended use. Sometimes, gasoline also contains ethanol as an alternative fuel, for economic or environmental reasons.
Gasoline, as used worldwide in the vast number of internal combustion engines used in transport and industry, has a significant impact on the environment, both in local effects (e.g., smog) and in global effects (e.g., effect on the climate). Gasoline may also enter the environment uncombusted, as liquid and as vapors, from leakage and handling during production, transport and delivery, from storage tanks, from spills, etc. As an example of efforts to control such leakage, many (underground) storage tanks are required to have extensive measures in place to detect and prevent such leaks.[citation needed] Gasoline contains benzene and other known carcinogens
- published: 30 Jun 2017
- views: 841
Rolls-Royce Merlin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:06
- Updated: 06 Nov 2014
- views: 1008
The Rolls-Royce Merlin is a British liquid-cooled, V-12, piston aero engine, of 27-litre (1,650 cu in) capacity. Rolls-Royce Limited designed and built the engi...
The Rolls-Royce Merlin is a British liquid-cooled, V-12, piston aero engine, of 27-litre (1,650 cu in) capacity. Rolls-Royce Limited designed and built the engine which was initially known as the PV-12: the PV-12 became known as the Merlin following the company convention of naming its piston aero engines after birds of prey.
The PV-12 first ran in 1933 and, after several modifications, the first production variants were built in 1936. The first operational aircraft to enter service using the Merlin were the Fairey Battle, Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire. More Merlins were made for the four-engined Avro Lancaster heavy bomber than for any other aircraft; however, the engine is most closely associated with the Spitfire, starting with the Spitfire's maiden flight in 1936. A series of rapidly applied developments, brought about by wartime needs, markedly improved the engine's performance and durability.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
https://wn.com/Rolls_Royce_Merlin
The Rolls-Royce Merlin is a British liquid-cooled, V-12, piston aero engine, of 27-litre (1,650 cu in) capacity. Rolls-Royce Limited designed and built the engine which was initially known as the PV-12: the PV-12 became known as the Merlin following the company convention of naming its piston aero engines after birds of prey.
The PV-12 first ran in 1933 and, after several modifications, the first production variants were built in 1936. The first operational aircraft to enter service using the Merlin were the Fairey Battle, Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire. More Merlins were made for the four-engined Avro Lancaster heavy bomber than for any other aircraft; however, the engine is most closely associated with the Spitfire, starting with the Spitfire's maiden flight in 1936. A series of rapidly applied developments, brought about by wartime needs, markedly improved the engine's performance and durability.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 06 Nov 2014
- views: 1008
- Playlist
- Chat
7:02
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
→Subscribe for new videos every day!
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published: 16 Feb 2017
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
- Report rights infringement
- published: 16 Feb 2017
- views: 269650
11:29
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that ti...
published: 16 Sep 2013
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
- Report rights infringement
- published: 16 Sep 2013
- views: 17337
12:55
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasol...
published: 22 Feb 2012
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
- Report rights infringement
- published: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 9816
0:50
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, ...
published: 22 Oct 2008
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
- Report rights infringement
- published: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 7573
0:41
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
Intro Sound:
...
published: 19 Jan 2015
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
- Report rights infringement
- published: 19 Jan 2015
- views: 256
3:32
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
Organomettalic Chemistry
published: 16 May 2017
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
- Report rights infringement
- published: 16 May 2017
- views: 28
0:24
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added ...
published: 20 Apr 2015
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
- Report rights infringement
- published: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
0:49
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, ...
published: 30 Mar 2013
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
- Report rights infringement
- published: 30 Mar 2013
- views: 2204
1:27
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra...
published: 28 Jan 2011
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
- Report rights infringement
- published: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 7663
7:58
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website a...
published: 07 Mar 2016
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
- Report rights infringement
- published: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 4786
0:14
Medical vocabulary: What does Tetraethyl Lead mean
What does Tetraethyl Lead mean in English?
published: 18 Jan 2016
Medical vocabulary: What does Tetraethyl Lead mean
Medical vocabulary: What does Tetraethyl Lead mean
- Report rights infringement
- published: 18 Jan 2016
- views: 10
3:42
CIC304K Lead Gasoline
tetraethyl lead (TEL)
published: 24 Jul 2013
CIC304K Lead Gasoline
CIC304K Lead Gasoline
- Report rights infringement
- published: 24 Jul 2013
- views: 484
0:24
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added ...
published: 20 Apr 2015
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
- Report rights infringement
- published: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
1:02
What Is Tetraethyl Lead Used For?
Tetraethyl lead definition of tetraethyl by the free dictionary. Wikipedia wiki tetraethyl...
published: 19 Jul 2017
What Is Tetraethyl Lead Used For?
What Is Tetraethyl Lead Used For?
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- published: 19 Jul 2017
- views: 5
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7:02
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
→Subscribe for new videos every day!
https://www.youtube.com/user/TodayIFoundOut?sub_conf...
published: 16 Feb 2017
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
Why Lead Used to Be Added to Gasoline
- Report rights infringement
- published: 16 Feb 2017
- views: 269650
11:29
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
In the early 1920s, lead was added to gasoline to create a more efficient fuel. At that ti...
published: 16 Sep 2013
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
Lead for Life - the history of leaded gasoline - an excerpt
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- published: 16 Sep 2013
- views: 17337
12:55
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net/
"Production, refining and distribution of gasol...
published: 22 Feb 2012
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
Gasoline Production: "Gasoline For Everybody" 1947 Ethyl Corp 13min
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- published: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 9816
0:50
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, ...
published: 22 Oct 2008
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
Tetraethyl Lead 1950s
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- published: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 7573
0:41
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
A spoken definition of tetraethyl lead.
Intro Sound:
...
published: 19 Jan 2015
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
What does tetraethyl lead mean?
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- published: 19 Jan 2015
- views: 256
3:32
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
Organomettalic Chemistry
published: 16 May 2017
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
VIDEO ASSIGNMENT: Tetra Ethyl Lead as anti-knocking agent
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- published: 16 May 2017
- views: 28
0:24
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Video shows what tetraethyl lead means. a toxic organometallic compound, (C2H5)4Pb, added ...
published: 20 Apr 2015
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
Tetraethyl lead Meaning
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- published: 20 Apr 2015
- views: 393
0:49
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, ...
published: 30 Mar 2013
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil
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- published: 30 Mar 2013
- views: 2204
1:27
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
This 1950s commercial for Ethyl gasoline does not mention that the key ingredient is tetra...
published: 28 Jan 2011
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
What is the Unnamed Special Ingredient in Ethyl Gasoline (Lead)? 1950s
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- published: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 7663
7:58
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
Pat Goss from Goss' Garage talks about Leaded fuel for older engines.
Visit our website a...
published: 07 Mar 2016
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
Leaded fuel for older engines? - Goss Garage with Pat Goss
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- published: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 4786
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21:23
Farming: Pattern for Progress circa 1941 Ethyl Corporation
more at http://quickfound.net/links/agriculture_news_and_links.html
On the traditional fa...
published: 03 Jan 2015
Farming: Pattern for Progress circa 1941 Ethyl Corporation
Farming: Pattern for Progress circa 1941 Ethyl Corporation
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- published: 03 Jan 2015
- views: 1023
22:38
The Inside Story of Modern Gasoline circa 1946 Standard Oil Company of Indiana
more at http://auto-parts.quickfound.net
'Describes (in partly animated form: "talking ga...
published: 21 Jan 2015
The Inside Story of Modern Gasoline circa 1946 Standard Oil Company of Indiana
The Inside Story of Modern Gasoline circa 1946 Standard Oil Company of Indiana
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- published: 21 Jan 2015
- views: 4736
28:00
Catalyst: Lead Astray
Could exposure in childhood lead to an adult life marked by violent crime?
In the latter ...
published: 10 Feb 2015
Catalyst: Lead Astray
Catalyst: Lead Astray
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- published: 10 Feb 2015
- views: 2199
23:04
The Story of Gasolilne circa 1956 US Bureau of Mines; Oil Refinery Operations
more at: http://scitech.quickfound.net/geology_news_and_links.html
How gasoline is made f...
published: 28 Oct 2014
The Story of Gasolilne circa 1956 US Bureau of Mines; Oil Refinery Operations
The Story of Gasolilne circa 1956 US Bureau of Mines; Oil Refinery Operations
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- published: 28 Oct 2014
- views: 4328
44:23
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
Gasoline outside of ...
published: 09 Mar 2015
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - History Documentary Film
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- published: 09 Mar 2015
- views: 116063
51:59
Impulse Control
This week we discuss tetraethyllead, alcoholism, and irresistible impulses.
We also talk ...
published: 04 Jul 2017
Impulse Control
Impulse Control
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- published: 04 Jul 2017
- views: 241
33:02
Fuel
you are welcome
published: 01 Feb 2016
Fuel
Fuel
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- published: 01 Feb 2016
- views: 282
50:47
Mod-01 Introduction
Process Design Decisions and Project Economics by Dr. Vijay S. Moholkar,Department of Chem...
published: 10 Apr 2014
Mod-01 Introduction
Mod-01 Introduction
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- published: 10 Apr 2014
- views: 16913
42:55
Gasoline (Petrol): Where we will be without it?
Gasoline (American English) or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-deriv...
published: 30 Jun 2017
Gasoline (Petrol): Where we will be without it?
Gasoline (Petrol): Where we will be without it?
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- published: 30 Jun 2017
- views: 841
51:06
Rolls-Royce Merlin
The Rolls-Royce Merlin is a British liquid-cooled, V-12, piston aero engine, of 27-litre (...
published: 06 Nov 2014
Rolls-Royce Merlin
Rolls-Royce Merlin
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- published: 06 Nov 2014
- views: 1008
Farming: Pattern for Progress circa 1941 Ethyl Cor...
The Inside Story of Modern Gasoline circa 1946 Sta...
Catalyst: Lead Astray...
The Story of Gasolilne circa 1956 US Bureau of Min...
Gasoline - 100 years of SCIENCE and SWEAT - Histor...
Impulse Control...
Fuel...
Mod-01 Introduction...
Gasoline (Petrol): Where we will be without it?...
Rolls-Royce Merlin...
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'Iraq begins battle to retake Tal Afar, IS bastion near Mosul'
Edit DNA India 20 Aug 2017
Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al- Abadi announced early today the start of a battle to retake Tal Afar, a key Northern Iraqi bastion of the Islamic State (IS) group and one of their last remaining strongholds in the region. The announcement comes a month after the capture by Iraqi forces of second city Mosul further east in a major blow to the jihadists ... ....
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10 sentenced to death for attempting to assassinate Hasina
Edit The Hindu 20 Aug 2017
Ten militants were today sentenced to death and nine others jailed for 20 years each by a court in Bangladesh for attempting to assassinate Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in 2000. The convicts had hatched the plot to kill Hasina in 2000 by planting a high-powered explosive device at an open ground at her village home in southwestern Gopalganj where she was scheduled to address a public rally ... ....
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Search ongoing after Indian rail crash claims at least 23 lives
Edit The Jakarta Post 20 Aug 2017
Emergency crews searched mangled carriages Sunday for any further victims after a train crash in northern India killed 23 passengers, the fourth major accident this year on the crumbling network. Another 156 people were injured when 14 carriages came off the tracks in Muzaffarnagar district in Uttar Pradesh state, 130 kilometres (80 miles) from New Delhi, on Saturday evening ... "It's too early to make any claims ... Topics .. ....
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Iran's top priority to protect nuclear deal from US: Rouhani
Edit DNA India 20 Aug 2017
Iran's President Hassan Rouhani said today the top foreign policy priority for his new government was to protect the nuclear deal from being torn up by the United States ... "Standing up for the JCPOA means standing up to Iran's enemies," he said on the last day of debates over his cabinet selections ... "The second responsibility of the foreign ministry... ....
Lead culprits: Profiting from poison
Edit Democratic Underground 16 Jul 2017
Engineer Thomas Midgley and his associates at the General Motors Research Laboratory discovered in 1921 that tetraethyl lead, a compound of metallic lead, could make internal combustion engines run more smoothly and reduce engine knock....
Global Tetraethyl Orthosilicate Industry Market Research Report 2017
Edit Community news 25 May 2017
The Global Tetraethyl Orthosilicate Industry 2017 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Tetraethyl Orthosilicate industry ... The Tetraethyl Orthosilicate market analysis is provided for the international market including development history, competitive landscape analysis, and major regions’ development status ... Chapter One Industry Overview of Tetraethyl Orthosilicate....
Uber CEO apologizes for dissing driver, says he needs to grow up
Edit Democratic Underground 01 Mar 2017
Jessica Guynn Published 9.36 p.m. ET Feb. 28, 2017. SAN FRANCISCO A contrite Travis Kalanick issued an apology to employees at Uber and said he would seek "leadership help" after a video surfaced in which he has a heated exchange with an Uber driver over declining fares ... Good luck!". snip ... snip ... snip. Read more ... ....
The Corporate Food Industry Has Created a Diet That Is Literally Killing Us
Edit Alternet 19 Dec 2016
Thom Hartmann investigates how to break free from what's dangerous in your diet. Thom Hartmann. In the best of the rest of the news, "you are what you eat". A phrase we've all heard from a friend, a parent, or maybe even a teacher. Sounds like a myth but it's actually true and it could save your life ... Thom Hartmann ... Thank you ... That's like a mechanic not knowing the difference between, you know, tetraethyl lead gasoline and normal gasoline....
Rearview Mirror: The leaded gas problem
Edit Canada Dot Com 05 Oct 2016
Midgley tried a number of possibilities, including grain alcohol and iodine, but what finally fulfilled all three requirements was tetraethyl lead ... He was sick with lead poisoning ... Over the next year, as many as 15 workers at the lead additive plant died, and 40 more fell ill ... The verdict was that they couldn’t find grounds for banning leaded fuel ... But when it was added to fuel, lead became ubiquitous....
Less lead in New Orleans soils, children's blood, 10 years after Katrina: study
Edit The Times Picayune 26 Jul 2016
The two main sources of lead in soil in New Orleans are tetraethyl lead that was used as an anti-knock additive in automotive gasoline from about 1920 until it was banned in 1996, and lead paint, which was banned in 1978, but was still found extensively in the city's older housing stock before Katrina ... But the historic use of tetraethyl lead in gasoline added much more lead to the soils along well-traveled streets, Mielke said....
ASK THE DOCTOR: Did flu jab cause my husband's frozen shoulder?
Edit This is Money 19 Apr 2016
My husband had a flu jab in his left arm last October and a pneumonia jab in his right arm at the same time ... When he tries to reach something it is very painful ... Previously, the main issue contributing to air pollution was the burning of coal - a problem subsequently banished by the Clean Air Act - and then more recently, the use of lead as an additive in petrol. Lead tetraethyl, an engine anti-knocking agent, is now also banned ... shares....
America’s Coast-to-Coast Toxic Crisis
Edit Alternet 15 Feb 2016
You undoubtedly also know that an anti-corrosive agent which might have prevented most of the corrosion in the city’s water pipes, and so the lead poisoning of untold numbers of its residents, was skipped at a savings of approximately $100 a day ... Holt, dismissed the never-ending lead crisis in Baltimore by callously suggesting that it might all be a shuck ... In the 1920s, tetraethyl lead was introduced as an additive for gasoline....
America has a coast-to-coast toxic crisis
Edit Grist 14 Feb 2016
Now, the city is enveloped in a public health emergency, with elevated levels of lead in its water supply and in the blood of its children. The price tag for replacing the lead pipes that contaminated its drinking water, thanks to the corrosive toxins found in the Flint River, is now estimated at up to $1.5 billion ... In the 1920s, tetraethyl lead was introduced as an additive for gasoline....
Two, Three... Many Flints
Edit Alternet 14 Feb 2016
You undoubtedly also know that an anti-corrosive agent which might have prevented most of the corrosion in the city’s water pipes, and so the lead poisoning of untold numbers of its residents, was skipped at a savings of approximately $100 a day ... Holt, dismissed the never-ending lead crisis in Baltimore by callously suggesting that it might all be a shuck ... In the 1920s, tetraethyl lead was introduced as an additive for gasoline....
Cuts to DuPont's research, business draw mixed reactions
Edit Philadelphia Daily News 12 Jan 2016
Scholars, shareholders, the newly separated, and the long-frustrated have plenty to say about cuts to the central research and business units at DuPont Co. by new CEO Edward Breen. Some highlights. ... I've also heard from people who claim little concern about DuPont's fate, citing the many cases of industrial poisoning - from tetraethyl lead to PFOAs - that followed the miracles of DuPont science. JoeD@phillynews.com ... ....
Ex-Pertamina executive gets time for bribery
Edit Jakarta Post 21 Oct 2015
The Jakarta Corruption Court sentenced on Tuesday Suroso Atmo Martoyo, former director of state oil-and-gas operator Pertamina, to five years in prison for accepting US$190,000 in bribes in 2003. The bribes were paid to award a $4 million government contract to UK-based fuel additives tetraethyl lead (TEL) manufacturer Innospec Limited ... Willy was sentenced earlier to three years in prison in relation to another graft case ... Tweet ....
National scene: New suspect in Innospec case declared
Edit Jakarta Post 06 Oct 2015
The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) on Monday declared PT Soegih Interjaya (SI) director M. Syakir a suspect in its investigation into a bribery case involving officials from the UK’s Innospec Ltd ... Suroso is accused of accepting bribes from Innospec to help the firm secure contracts worth US$4 million for the supply of a fuel additive called tetraethyl lead (TEL) ... Tweet ....
Repeal ethanol mandate
Edit Rutland Herald 20 Aug 2015
What follows is the story of one of the most thoroughly disgraceful special interest schemes ever brought into being in these United States. It is also one of the most fiendishly intricate government programs ever conceived, and its name is ethanol. Back in the Nixon years, scientists discovered that tetraethyl lead used to improve combustion in gasoline led to serious environmental and health damage. Adding lead to gasoline was banned....
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