- published: 13 Feb 2015
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Coordinates: 50°33′02″N 1°58′21″E / 50.5506°N 1.9725°E / 50.5506; 1.9725
Avesnes is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.
The commune is a very small village situated some 12 miles(19 km) northeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer, on the D 129 E 1.
Coordinates: 50°06′16″N 2°51′07″E / 50.1044°N 2.8519°E / 50.1044; 2.8519
Bapaume is a commune and the seat of a canton in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.
A farming and light industrial town located 10 miles (16 km) south of Arras at the junction of the A1 autoroute and the N17 and N30 national roads its location is Nord-Pas-De-Calais.
The position of the town of Bapaume is a crossing point between Artois and the plains of Flanders on the one hand and the valley of the Somme and the Paris basin on the other. Many routes pass through Bapaume, ancient roads between the two regions a more recently an autoroute in 1965. The railway link was put into service in 1871 and upgraded to TGV in 1993.
The position of Bapaume meant it was subjected to many wars. Defences were built: a Roman camp, later, a feudal motte, then a castle on top of the feudal motte. It seems that Queen Matilda of Artois stayed there and that Joan of Arc did too.
In 1335, Bapaume was fortified outside the castle walls. However, these fortifications were not very effective, the city was taken repeatedly. In 1540, Charles Quint ordered a fortified place to be built, with thick walls and bastions, including defensive systems developed such as tunnels and galleries. These fortifications were later reinforced by Vauban.
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