The escudo (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɨʃˈkudu], shield; sign : or Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \mathrm{S}\!\!\!\Vert ; code: PTE) was the currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the Euro on 1 January 1999 and its removal from circulation on 28 February 2002. The escudo was subdivided into 100 centavos.

Amounts in escudos were written as escudos  centavos with the cifrão as the decimal separator (e.g. 25$00 means 25, 100$50 means 100 and 50 centavos). Because of the conversion rate of 1000 réis = 1, three decimal places were initially used (1 = 1$000).

The escudo was introduced on 22 May 1911, after the 1910 Republican revolution, to replace the real at the rate of 1,000 réis to 1 escudo. The term mil réis (thousand réis) remained a colloquial synonym of escudo up to the 1990s. One million réis was called one conto de réis, or simply one conto. This expression passed on to the escudo, meaning 1,000.

The escudo's value was initially set at 675$00 = 1 kg of gold. After 1914, the value of the escudo fell, being fixed in 1928 at 108$25 to the pound^{[clarification needed]}. This was altered to 110$00 to the pound in 1931. A new rate of 27$50 escudos to the U.S. dollar was established in 1940, changing to 25$00 in 1940 and 28$75 in 1949.

Luan Domingos Rafael Santana (born 13 March 1991; Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈɐ̃ sɐ̃ˈtɐ̃nɐ]) is a Brazilian singer and composer of sertanejo universitário music.

Currently Santana has one of the most expensive concert fees in the country, charging about R$300,000 per performance.^{[citation needed]} His first live album was a bestseller throughout 2010, selling over 500,000 copies.^{[citation needed]} It remains among the best-selling albums in Brazil. His second album was recorded live in December 2010 at the HSBC Arena in Rio de Janeiro and will be released in 2011.^{[dated info]} The first single, "Adrenalina", a song that hit the top spot on the Billboard charts. The second single from this album Química Do Amor features Bahian singer Ivete Sangalo.

Santana was born in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. He began singing at age three in his hometown. After realizing his talent, his father gave him a guitar to further encourage his musical skill.

In recording his second CD, Santana decided that work would live and record in the cities in Brazil where his shows were performed. Once the CD was finished, two songs "Tô de Cara"and "Meteoro" became hits as he became on of the most played artists on Brazilian radio.^{[citation needed]} Over a few weeks the video of "Meteor" had 17 million hits on YouTube.^{[citation needed]} In summer 2009, Santana broke attendance records for the cities where he performed.^{[citation needed]} Santana was invited to participate in "Rodeo of Barry. He performs at cowboy festivals and agricultural exhibitions throughout Brazil. In 2009 Santana performed 300 concerts in Brazil, with an average of 25 presentations per month. Santana launched his first DVD, recorded in August 2009 in Native Nations Park.