Shahan Natalie (Armenian: Շահան Նաթալի) (nom de guerre Nemesis) (1884–1983) was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation's Bureau and the principal organizer of Operation Nemesis wherein the Turkish masterminds of the Armenian Genocide were assassinated.^[1] He later became a writer on Armenian national philosophy, and notable for his essay, The Turks and Us.^[2]

Early life[link]

Shahan Natalie was born Hagop der Hagopian on July 14, 1884, in the village of Husenik, in the Kharberd province (modern day Elazığ Province) of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia. He was the only son of a seven-member family, along with four sisters.

He received his primary education in the local Armenian school. At the beginning of the 1895 Hamidian massacres, his father, maternal uncle, and numerous other relatives were killed. Separated from his family during the massacre, Hagop, then 11, was taken in by a neighboring Greek family, who hid him for three days, fearing that he too would be slaughtered. He was later reunited with the surviving members of his family.

He found his mother mourning over his father's lifeless corpse, which they dragged together and buried under a walnut tree. He would later write about this event, adding, "The living began to bury the dead." The scene of his mother, prostrate on her husband's body, left a deep and indelible impression on the young boy.

He studied for a year at the Euphrates College in Kharberd. Along with other orphans, he was then sent to the St. James Orphanage in Constantinople. There, a wealthy Armenian rug merchant living in New York adopted him. The following year he was admitted to the famed Berberian Academy, where he studied until 1900.

Youth[link]

In 1901, he returned to his native Husenik, where for three years he was a teacher at the Armenian parochial school of the St. Varvara Church. In the meantime, he studied the provincial dialect of Kharberd, earning him special honor in Patriarch Izmirlian's literary competition.

In 1904, he joined the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Kharberd, and immigrated to the eastern United States, where he worked for three years as a laborer in a shoe factory in Watertown, Massachusetts.

In 1908, after the proclamation of the Young Turk Revolution, he returned to his home in Husenik. His stay was short-lived, however, as the 1909 Adana massacre drove him into exile in America once again.

Education and political life[link]

From 1910 to 1912, Shahan attended Boston University, where he studied English literature, philosophy, and theater as a special student. In 1912, he decided to return to his home in the Ottoman Empire, but on his way there, he was sent back to the U.S., as Greek authorities would not let him through, considering him a citizen of an enemy nation.

Back in the U.S., Natalie became active within the ranks of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. He was on the editorial staff of the party's Hairenik newspaper from 1915 to 1917, and was elected to the party's United States Central Committee. Not happy with the way the ARF was evolving, he later resigned from the party. He became a United States citizen on March 23, 1915, and assumed "John Mahy", the Darling of Death, as his official name in 1923.

Published works[link]

• Natalie, Shahan (2002). The Turks and Us. Nagorno-Karabakh: Punik Publishing. 

Short stories, verses, and plays[link]

• Օրէնքի եւ Ընկերութեան Զոհերէն ("From the Martyrs of Law and Society"). Boston: Hairenik, 1909. 63 pages. Short stories.
• Ամպեր ("Clouds"). Boston: Hairenik, 1909. Verses
• Քաւութեան երգեր ("Songs of Expiation"). Boston: Hairenik, 1915. 31 pages. Verses
• Սերի եւ ատելութեան երգեր ("Songs of Love and Hate"). Boston: Hairenik, 1915. 165 pages. Verses
• Վրէժի աւետարան ("Gospel of Revenge"). New York: Armenia, 1918. 39 pages. Verses
• Ասլան Բեկ ("Aslan Bek"). Boston: Hairenik, 1918. 62 pages. Tragedy in three acts
• Քեզի ("To You"). Boston: 1920. 116 pages. Verses written beginning in 1904.

National-political works[link]

• Թուրքիզմը Անգորայէն Բագու եւ Թրքական Օրիէնթասիոն ("Turkism from Angora to Baku and Turkish Orientation"). Athens: Nor Or, 1928. 172 pages.
• Թուրքերը եւ Մենք ("The Turks and Us"). Athens: Nor Or, 1928. 70 pages. Second printing, Boston, 1931. 93 pages.
• Ալեքսանդրապօլի Դաշնագրէն 1930-ի Կովկասեան Ապստամբութիւնները ("From the Treaty of Alexandrapol to the 1920 Caucasian Insurgencies"). Volumes 1 and 2. Marseilles: Arabian Publishing, 1934-35.
• Երեւանի Համաձայնագիրը ("The Yerevan Agreement"). Boston: 1941. 112 pages.
• Գիրք Մատուցման եւ Հատուցման ("Book of Dedication and Compensation"). Beirut: Onipar Publishing, 1949 (first printing). 160 pages. Beirut: Azdarar Publishing, 1954 (second printing). 134 pages. Contents:

1. Այսպէս Սպաննեցինք ("How We Killed")
2. Յաւելուած (Addendum), illustrated.

• Վերստին Յաւելուած—Ալեքսանդրապօլի Դաշնագրի «Ինչպէ՞սն ու ինչո՞ւն» ("Re-Addendum -- The How and Why of the Treaty of Alexandrapol"). Boston: Baikar, 1955. 144 pages.

References[link]

1. ^ An Eye for an Eye, by Tessa Hofmann, in Portraits of hope: Armenians in the contemporary world, by Huberta von Voss, p. 296
2. ^ Looking backward, moving forward: confronting the Armenian Genocide‎, by Richard G. Hovannisian, 2003, p 165

• General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement‎, by Dr. Antranig Chalabian, 1988, p. 513
• Encyclopedia of Literature, Vol. 1‎, by Joseph T. Shipley, 2007, p. 62

External links[link]

• THE SHAHAN NATALIE FAMILY FOUNDATION, INC.

Said Halim Pasha

Said Halim Pasha (Albanian: Said Halimi) (18 January 1865 - 6 December 1921), Ottoman Empire Grand Vizier from 1913-17. Born in Cairo, Egypt, he was the grandson of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, "founder of modern Egypt"^[1]. The "Pasha" in his name is an honorific that translates in English to "Lord", or "Lord Said Halim".

He was one of the signers in Ottoman-German Alliance. Yet, he resigned after the incident of the pursuit of Goeben and Breslau, an event which served to cement the Ottoman-German alliance during World War I. It is claimed that Mehmed V wanted a person in whom he trusted as Vizier, and that he asked Said Halim to stay in his post as long as possible. Said Halim's second term lasted until 1917, made short because of continuous clashes between him and the Committee of Union and Progress, which was the Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire.

During the military trials of World War I in the Ottoman Empire, he was accused of treason as he had his signature under Ottoman-German Alliance. He was exiled on 29 May 1919 to a prison on Malta^[2]. He was acquitted from the accusations and set free in 1921 at which time he moved to Sicily. He wanted to return to the capital of the Ottoman Empire, Constantinopole (present day Istanbul) in 1921, but this request was rejected. He was assassinated soon after by agents of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation for his role in the Armenian Genocide.

See also[link]

• Operation Nemesis

Footnotes[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Said Halim Pasha

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Fuad Pasha (1863–1866) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1866–1867) Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1866–1871) Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1871–1872) Midhat Pasha (1872) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1872–1873) Ahmed Esad Pasha (1873) Şirvanlızade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (1873–1874) Hüseyin Avni Pasha (1874–1875) Ahmed Esad Pasha (1875) Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1875–1876) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1876–1876) Midhat Pasha (1876–1877) Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1877–1878) Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1878) Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1878) Mehmed Sadık Pasha (1878) Mehmed Rushdi Pasha (1878) Saffet Pasha (1878) Hayreddin Pasha (1878–1879) Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1879) Mehmed Said Pasha (1879–1880) Kadri Pasha (1880) Mehmed Said Pasha (1880–1882) Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha (1882) Mehmed Said Pasha (1882) Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1882) Mehmed Said Pasha (1882–1885) Kâmil Pasha (1885–1891) Ahmed Cevat Pasha(1891–1895) Mehmed Said Pasha (1895) Kâmil Pasha (1895) Halil Rifat Pasha (1895–1901) Mehmed Said Pasha (1901–1903) Mehmed Ferid Pasha (1903–1908) Mehmed Said Pasha (1908) Kâmil Pasha (1908–1909) * Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1909) Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1909) Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha (1909–1910) Ibrahim Hakki Pasha (1910–1911) Mehmed Said Pasha (1911–1912) Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (1912) Kâmil Pasha (1912–1913) Mahmud Shevket Pasha (1913) Said Halim Pasha (1913–1917) Mehmed Talat Pasha (1917–1918) Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1918) Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1918–1919) Damad Ferid Pasha (1919) Ali Riza Pasha (1919–1920) Salih Hulusi Pasha (1920) Damad Ferid Pasha (1920) Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1920–1922)

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