明

See also: 日月

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Etymology[edit]

The traditional etymology follows the modern form in finding Ideogrammic compound (會意): 日 ‎(“sun”) + 月 ‎(“moon”). However, the etymology may be somewhat less simple, as alleged older forms of the character show the moon shining through a window (朙).

Han character[edit]

明 (radical 72 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日月 (AB), four-corner 6702₀, composition ⿰日月)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 491, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13805
Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1491, character 8
Unihan data for U+660E

Chinese[edit]

		-
simp. and trad.		明

Alternative forms[edit]

朙

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): míng (ming²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁴
Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): mìn
Min Dong (BUC): mìng/màng
Min Nan

(Hokkien, POJ): bêng / bîn / mê / miâ
Wu (WT Romanisation): min (T3); men (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: míng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
  - Wade-Giles: ming²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
  - IPA ^(key): /miŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ming⁴
  - Yale: mìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- Romanisations:
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn
  - IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /min¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng/màng
  - IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵³/, /maŋ⁵³/
- Note: mìng - literary; màng - colloquial.
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng / bîn / mê / miâ
  - Tâi-lô: bîng / bîn / mê / miâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: beeng, biin, mee, miaa
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²³/, /bin²³/, /me²³/, /mia²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/, /bin¹³/, /me¹³/, /mia¹³/
- Note: bêng - literary; bîn/mê/miâ - colloquial.
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - WT Romanisation: min (T3); men (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /mɪɲ²³/, /məɲ²³/
- Note: 3min - literary; 3men - colloquial.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (明, reconstructed)
Character (明), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 明 (4) Final: 庚 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 武兵切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/mɣiæŋ/	/mi̯ɐŋ/	/miɐŋ/	/mɯiaŋ/	/miajŋ/	/mĭɐŋ/	/miaŋ/

Old Chinese pronunciation (明, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character		Modern Beijing (Pinyin)			Middle Chinese		Old Chinese			English
明		míng			‹ mjæng ›		/*mraŋ/			bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	No.		Phonetic component	Rime group		Rime subdivision		Corresponding MC rime	Old Chinese		Notes
明	9188		明	陽		0		明	/*mraŋ/