East Berlin

East Berlin existed between 1949 and 1990. It comprised the eastern regions of Berlin and consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin that was established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors became West Berlin, a part strongly associated with West Germany. East Berlin was the de facto capital of East Germany. From 13 August 1961 until 9 November 1989, East Berlin was separated from West Berlin by the Berlin Wall. The official name that was used by the East German government changed over the course of years from "Greater Berlin" to "Democratic Berlin" to "Berlin, Capital of the GDR" or simply "Berlin." Within official usage, it had become more widespread since the 1970s to refer only to the Western part of the city with a different name ("Westberlin"), whilst calling the Eastern part simply "Berlin". (See also Naming conventions).

Overview

With the London Protocol from 1944, the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union decided to divide Germany into three occupation zones and to establish a special area of Berlin, which was occupied by the three Allied Forces together. In May 1944, the Soviet Union installed a city government for the whole city that was called "Magistrate of Greater Berlin", which existed until 1947. After the war, the Allied Forces initially administrated the city together within the Allied Kommandatura, which served as the governing body of the city. However, in 1948 the Soviet representative left the Kommandatura and the common administration broke apart during the following months. In the Soviet sector, a separate city government was established, which continued to call itself "Magistrate of Greater Berlin".

East Berlin (disambiguation)

East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990, when it was the de facto capital of East Germany. It may also refer to:

See also

1977 Hang Ten 400

The 1977 Hang Ten 400 was an endurance race for Group C Touring Cars. The race was held on 11 September 1977 at the Sandown Park circuit in Victoria, Australia over a total distance of 400 km. It was Round 8 of the 1977 Australian Touring Car Championship and Round 1 of the 1977 Australian Championship of Makes.

Cars competed in four engine capacity classes:

Results

References

Further reading

Sandown 500

The Sandown 500 is an annual endurance motor race which has been staged at the Sandown Raceway, near Melbourne, Victoria, Australia since 1964. It has usually been held in September, the month before Australia’s premier endurance race, the Bathurst 1000.

The event's name, distance - and the category of cars competing in it - has varied widely throughout its history. Currently, the event is held as a championship event for V8 Supercars, and is formally known as the Wilson Security Sandown 500 for sponsorship reasons.

History

Production car era (1964-72)

The first two races were open to production based sedans and, at six hours duration, were substantially longer than later iterations of the race. Both races were won by an Alfa Romeo Giulia entered by Alec Mildren Racing. In 1968, after a two-year hiatus, the event was revived as a three-hour race and took on a long time role as an unofficial “warm-up” event for the Bathurst 1000. In common with the Bathurst race, it utilized technical regulations which limited cars to near production specifications, unlike the Australian Touring Car Championship which was for more highly modified Group C Improved Production Touring Cars. Manufacturers took a stronger interest in the race in this period and the Ford works team led by Canadian driver Allan Moffat won the 1969 race in a Ford XW Falcon GTHO Phase I, the first of six wins for Moffat. Colin Bond drove a Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1 to victory in 1971 and John Goss won the last Series Production 500 in 1972 in a Ford XY Falcon GTHO Phase III.

Ghoul (band)

Ghoul is a thrash metal band from Oakland, California. Though the members' actual identities are meant to be concealed, it is known that some members or past members of Ghoul also play or have played in other bands such as Impaled, Dystopia, Wolves in the Throne Room, Exhumed, Phobia, Asunder and Morbosidad. Ghoul released their debut album in 2002 and since then have released four full studio albums.

History

Not much is known about Ghoul as they are always seen wearing masks. The members go by the stage names Cremator, Fermentor, Digestor, and Dissector. The band has a large line-up of characters in their lyrics, including the four of themselves. Most of the information about them comes from the "Curio Shop Owner" one of the many characters mentioned in their songs. They claim to be mutants that come from Creepsylvania. Ghoul was signed after self-releasing a demo. Their musical style is best described as a blend of thrash and grindcore with death metal vocals and lyrics. In 2008, Ghoul released a split 7" with Brody's Militia. In November 2011, the band released their fourth album, Transmission Zero, and embarked on a North American tour opening for shock rockers Gwar. In early 2012, Ghoul once again toured the United States, opening for Gwar. In mid-2012, Ghoul toured the U.S. on a headlining run, playing festivals such as Maryland Deathfest, Chaos in Tejas, and the third annual GWAR B-Q. The band teamed up with Cannabis Corpse for a brief tour of Europe in January/February 2013.

Überlin

"Überlin" is a song by American alternative rock band R.E.M.. It was released as the second single from their fifteenth and final studio album Collapse into Now on January 25, 2011.

The song's music video was directed by Sam Taylor-Wood and stars her fiancé, actor Aaron Johnson.

Formats and track listings

Charts

References

External links

Berlin (TV series)

Berlin is a 2009 documentary series co-developed by the BBC and the Open University. Written and presented by Matt Frei, the series has three 60-minute episodes, each dealing with a different aspect of the history of Germany's capital city.

Episodes

Episode 1 – "Dangerous Ideas"

Using the life and posthumous legacy of Frederick the Great as its central theme, this episode covers some of the most notable political, social and cultural movements to emerge within Berlin over the past two centuries.

Episode 2 – "Ruined Visions"

From the advent of the former Berliner Stadtschloss to the Palast der Republik which for a time took its place, from the creation of the Bauakademie to that of the Olympic Stadium, and from the rise of the Fernsehturm to the rejuvenation of the Reichstag, this episode looks at the varied periods of construction, destruction and renewal seen in the architecture of the city of Berlin.

Episode 3 – "Ich bin ein Berliner"

Turning to look at the legacy which history has placed upon the people of Berlin – and that which Berliners themselves have offered in turn – this episode charts the tumultuous eras which the city has endured, for good or ill, through the course of the 19th and 20th centuries.