February 7

February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 327 days remaining until the end of the year (328 in leap years).

Events

• 457 – Leo I the Thracian becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1074 – Pandulf IV of Benevento is killed battling the invading Normans at the Battle of Montesarchio.
• 1301 – Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first English Prince of Wales.
• 1497 – The Bonfire of the Vanities occurs, during which supporters of Girolamo Savonarola burn cosmetics, art, and books in Florence, Italy.
• 1783 – American Revolutionary War: French and Spanish forces lift the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
• 1795 – The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified.
• 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon finds Bennigsen's Russian forces taking a stand at Eylau. After bitter fighting, the French take the town, but the Russians resume the battle the next day.
• 1812 – The strongest in a series of earthquakes strikes New Madrid, Missouri.
• 1813 – In the action of 7 February 1813 near the Îles de Los, the frigates Aréthuse and Amelia batter each other, but neither can gain the upper hand.
• 1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles leaves Singapore after just taking it over, leaving it in the hands of William Farquhar.
• 1842 – Battle of Debre Tabor: Ras Ali Alula, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia defeats warlord Wube Haile Maryam of Semien.
• 1854 – A law is approved to found the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Lectures started October 16, 1855.
• 1863 – HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189.
• 1894 – The Cripple Creek miner's strike, led by the Western Federation of Miners, begins in Cripple Creek, Colorado.
• 1898 – Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'accuse.
• 1900 – Second Boer War: British troops fail in their third attempt to lift the Siege of Ladysmith.
• 1904 – A fire in Baltimore, Maryland destroys over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours.
• 1907 – The Mud March is the first large procession organized by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS).
• 1935 – The classic board game Monopoly is invented.
• 1940 – The second full-length animated Walt Disney film, Pinocchio, premieres.
• 1943 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy forces complete the evacuation of Imperial Japanese Army troops from Guadalcanal during Operation Ke, ending Japanese attempts to retake the island from Allied forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign.
• 1944 – World War II: In Anzio, Italy, German forces launch a counteroffensive during the Allied Operation Shingle.
• 1951 – Korean War: Seven hundred five suspected communist sympathizers are butchered by South Korean forces.
• 1962 – The United States bans all Cuban imports and exports.
• 1974 – Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1979 – Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for the first time since either was discovered.
• 1984 – Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B Mission: Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU).
• 1986 – Twenty-eight years of one-family rule end in Haiti, when President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees the Caribbean nation.
• 1990 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party agrees to give up its monopoly on power.
• 1991 – Haiti's first democratically-elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, is sworn in.
• 1991 – The Troubles: The Provisional IRA launched a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street in London, the headquarters of the British government.
• 1992 – The Maastricht Treaty is signed, leading to the creation of the European Union.
• 1995 – Ramzi Yousef, the mastermind of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, is arrested in Islamabad, Pakistan.
• 1997 – NeXT merges with Apple Computer, starting the path to Mac OS X.
• 1999 – Crown Prince Abdullah becomes the King of Jordan on the death of his father, King Hussein.
• 2009 – Bushfires in Victoria leaves 173 dead in the worst natural disaster in Australia's history.
• 2012 – President Mohamed Nasheed of the Republic of Maldives resigns, after 23 days of anti-governmental protests calling for the release of Chief Judge unlawfully arrested by the military.
• 2013 – At least 51 people are killed in a crash involving a bus and truck in Zambia.
• 2013 – Mississippi officially certifies the Thirteenth Amendment, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was formally ratified by Mississippi in 1995.
• 2014 – The opening ceremony for the 2014 Winter Olympics is held in the Russian city of Sochi.
• 2014 – Over 350 people were injured in the anti-government unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• 2016 – North Korea launches Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4 into outer space.

Births

• 572 – Prince Shōtoku of Japan (d. 622)
• 1102 – Empress Matilda, English wife of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1169)
• 1478 – Thomas More, English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (d. 1535)
• 1612 – Thomas Killigrew, English playwright and manager (d. 1683)
• 1693 – Anna of Russia (d. 1740)
• 1726 – Margaret Fownes-Luttrell, English painter (d. 1766)
• 1741 – Henry Fuseli, Swiss-English painter and academic (d. 1825)
• 1758 – Benedikt Schack, Czech tenor and composer (d. 1826)
• 1804 – John Deere, American blacksmith and businessman, founded Deere & Company (d. 1886)
• 1812 – Charles Dickens, English author and critic (d. 1870)
• 1825 – Karl Möbius, German zoologist and ecologist (d. 1908)
• 1837 – James Murray, Scottish lexicographer and philologist (d. 1915)
• 1842 – Alexandre Ribot, French academic and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1923)
• 1867 – Laura Ingalls Wilder, American author (d. 1957)
• 1870 – Alfred Adler, Austrian-Scottish psychologist and therapist (d. 1937)
• 1871 – Wilhelm Stenhammar, Swedish pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1927)
• 1873 – Thomas Andrews, Irish shipbuilder and businessman, designed the RMS Titanic (d. 1912)
• 1877 – G. H. Hardy, English mathematician and geneticist (d. 1947)
• 1878 – Ossip Gabrilowitsch, Russian-American pianist and conductor (d. 1936)
• 1885 – Sinclair Lewis, American author and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
• 1885 – Hugo Sperrle, German field marshal (d. 1953)
• 1887 – Eubie Blake, American pianist and composer (d. 1983)
• 1889 – Harry Nyquist, Swedish-American engineer and theorist (d. 1976)
• 1891 – Ann Little, American actress (d. 1984)
• 1893 – Joseph Algernon Pearce, Canadian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1988)
• 1895 – Anita Stewart, American actress and producer (d. 1961)
• 1898 – Dock Boggs, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (d. 1971)
• 1901 – Arnold Nordmeyer, New Zealand minister and politician, 30th New Zealand Minister of Finance (d. 1989)
• 1905 – Paul Nizan, French philosopher and author (d. 1940)
• 1905 – Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)
• 1906 – Puyi, Chinese emperor (d. 1967)
• 1906 – Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov, Russian engineer, founded the Antonov Aircraft Company (d. 1984)
• 1908 – Buster Crabbe, American swimmer and actor (d. 1983)
• 1908 – Manmath Nath Gupta, Indian journalist and author (d. 2000)
• 1909 – Hélder Câmara, Brazilian archbishop (d. 1999)
• 1909 – Amedeo Guillet, Italian soldier (d. 2010)
• 1912 – Russell Drysdale, English-Australian painter (d. 1981)
• 1913 – Ramón Mercader, Spanish assassin of Leon Trotsky (d. 1978)
• 1915 – Teoctist Arăpașu, Romanian patriarch (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Eddie Bracken, American actor and singer (d. 2002)
• 1916 – Frank Hyde, Australian rugby player, coach, and sportscaster (d. 2007)
• 1919 – Jock Mahoney, American actor and stuntman (d. 1989)
• 1920 – Oscar Brand, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and author
• 1920 – An Wang, Chinese-American engineer and businessman, founded Wang Laboratories (d. 1990)
• 1922 – Leon Bibb, American-Canadian singer and actor (d. 2015)
• 1922 – Hattie Jacques, English actress (d. 1980)
• 1923 – Dora Bryan, English actress (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Hans Schmidt, Canadian wrestler (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Konstantin Feoktistov, Russian engineer and astronaut (d. 2009)
• 1926 – Bill Hoest, American cartoonist (d. 1988)
• 1927 – Juliette Gréco, French singer and actress
• 1927 – Vladimir Kuts, Ukrainian-Russian runner and coach (d. 1975)
• 1928 – Lincoln D. Faurer, American general (d. 2014)
• 1932 – Gay Talese, American journalist and author
• 1932 – Alfred Worden, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut
• 1933 – K. N. Choksy, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, Sri Lankan Minister of Finance (d. 2015)
• 1934 – Eddie Fenech Adami, Maltese lawyer and politician, 7th President of Malta
• 1934 – King Curtis, American saxophonist and producer (d. 1971)
• 1934 – Earl King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2003)
• 1935 – Herb Kohl, American businessman and politician
• 1935 – Jörg Schneider, Swiss actor and author (d. 2015)
• 1936 – Jas Gawronski, Italian journalist and politician
• 1937 – Peter Jay, English economist, journalist, and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States
• 1937 – Juan Pizarro, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1940 – Tony Tan, Singaporean academic and politician, 7th President of Singapore
• 1941 – Kevin Crossley-Holland, English author and poet
• 1941 – Little Tony, Italian-Sammarinese singer and actor (d. 2013)
• 1943 – Eric Foner, American historian, author, and academic
• 1943 – Gareth Hunt, English actor (d. 2007)
• 1945 – Gerald Davies, Welsh rugby player and journalist
• 1946 – Héctor Babenco, Argentinian-Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1946 – Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (d. 2011)
• 1946 – Gérard Jean-Juste, Haitian priest and activist (d. 2009)
• 1947 – Wayne Allwine, American voice actor and singer (d. 2009)
• 1948 – Jimmy Greenspoon, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Three Dog Night) (d. 2015)
• 1949 – Jacques Duchesneau, Canadian police officer and politician
• 1949 – Joe English, American drummer and songwriter (Wings and Sea Level)
• 1949 – Alan Lancaster, English bass player and songwriter (Status Quo and The Party Boys)
• 1950 – Karen Joy Fowler, American author
• 1952 – Vasco Rossi, Italian singer-songwriter
• 1953 – Dan Quisenberry, American baseball player and poet (d. 1998)
• 1954 – Dieter Bohlen German singer-songwriter and producer (Modern Talking and Blue System)
• 1955 – Rolf Benirschke, American football player and game show host
• 1955 – Miguel Ferrer, American actor and director
• 1956 – Emo Philips, American comedian and actor
• 1956 – Mark St. John, American guitarist (Kiss and White Tiger) (d. 2007)
• 1957 – Carney Lansford, American baseball player and coach
• 1958 – Giuseppe Baresi, Italian footballer and manager
• 1958 – Terry Marsh, English boxer and politician
• 1958 – Matt Ridley, English journalist, author, and politician
• 1959 – Mick McCarthy, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
• 1960 – Robert Smigel, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – James Spader, American actor and producer
• 1962 – Garth Brooks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1962 – David Bryan, American keyboard player and songwriter (Bon Jovi)
• 1962 – Eddie Izzard, English comedian, actor, and producer
• 1964 – Ashok Banker, Indian journalist, author, and screenwriter
• 1964 – Ray Mears, English television host and author
• 1964 – Cynthia Woodhead, American swimmer and journalist
• 1965 – Jason Gedrick, American actor
• 1965 – Chris Rock, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Kristin Otto, German swimmer
• 1968 – Peter Bondra, Ukrainian-Slovak ice hockey player and manager
• 1968 – Sully Erna, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Godsmack and Meliah Rage)
• 1968 – Mark Tewksbury, Canadian swimmer and sportscaster
• 1971 – Anita Tsoy, Russian singer-songwriter
• 1972 – Essence Atkins, American actress
• 1972 – Robyn Lively, American actress
• 1972 – Amon Tobin, Brazilian DJ, producer, and songwriter (Two Fingers)
• 1973 – Irina Björklund, Finnish actress and singer
• 1973 – Mie Sonozaki, Japanese voice actress and singer
• 1973 – Juwan Howard, American basketball player and coach
• 1974 – Nujabes, Japanese DJ and producer (d. 2010)
• 1974 – J Dilla, American rapper and producer (Slum Village) (d. 2006)
• 1974 – Danny Goffey, English singer-songwriter and drummer (Supergrass, Babyshambles, The Jennifers, Lodger, and The Hotrats)
• 1974 – Steve Nash, South African-Canadian basketball player
• 1975 – Wes Borland, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Limp Bizkit, Black Light Burns, Big Dumb Face, and Combichrist)
• 1975 – Alexandre Daigle, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Rémi Gaillard, French comedian and actor
• 1976 – Chito Miranda, Filipino singer-songwriter (Parokya ni Edgar)
• 1977 – Tsuneyasu Miyamoto, Japanese footballer
• 1977 – Mariusz Pudzianowski, Polish strongman and mixed martial artist
• 1978 – David Aebischer, Swiss ice hockey player
• 1978 – Endy Chávez, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1978 – Ashton Kutcher, American model, actor, and producer
• 1978 – Daniel Van Buyten, Belgian footballer
• 1979 – Daniel Bierofka, German footballer and coach
• 1979 – Tawakkol Karman, Yemeni journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1979 – Cerina Vincent, American actress and producer
• 1980 – Luis Alandy, Filipino actor
• 1980 – Richie Castellano, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Blue Öyster Cult)
• 1981 – Darcy Dolce Neto, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 – Lee Ok-sung, South Korean boxer
• 1982 – Osamu Mukai, Japanese actor
• 1982 – Mickaël Piétrus, French basketball player
• 1983 – Scott Feldman, American baseball player
• 1983 – Georgios Gougoulias, Greek footballer
• 1983 – Sho Kamogawa, Japanese footballer
• 1983 – Christian Klien, Austrian race car driver
• 1983 – Federico Marchetti, Italian footballer
• 1983 – Sam Martin, American singer
• 1984 – Trey Hardee, American decathlete
• 1985 – Tina Majorino, American actress
• 1985 – Devis Nossa, Italian footballer
• 1985 – Deborah Ann Woll, American actress
• 1986 – Stephen Colletti, American actor
• 1986 – Michael Orozco, American soccer player
• 1986 – Giorgi Tsintsadze, Georgian basketball player
• 1987 – Kerli, Estonian-American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1988 – Albin Hodža, French footballer
• 1988 – Lee Joon, South Korean singer, dancer, and actor (MBLAQ)
• 1988 – Ai Kago, Japanese singer and actress (Morning Musume, W, and Minimoni)
• 1988 – Matthew Stafford, American football player
• 1989 – Nick Calathes, Greek basketball player
• 1989 – Alexis Rolín, Uruguayan footballer
• 1989 – Elia Viviani, Italian cyclist
• 1989 – Vegard Stake Laengen, Norwegian cyclist
• 1989 – Louisa Lytton, English actress
• 1990 – Anna Abreu, Finnish-Portuguese singer
• 1990 – Neil Etheridge, English-Filipino footballer
• 1990 – Steven Stamkos, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1991 – Takahisa Maeyama, Japanese actor
• 1991 – Ryan O'Reilly, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1991 – Zhou Yimiao, Chinese tennis player
• 1992 – Sergi Roberto, Spanish footballer
• 1992 – Maimi Yajima, Japanese singer and actress (Cute, ZYX, and High-King)
• 1993 – Diego Laxalt, Uruguayan footballer
• 1995 – Chloé, Belgian singer
• 1995 – Roberto Osuna, Mexican baseball player
• 1996 – Mai Hagiwara, Japanese singer and actress (Cute, Petitmoni, and Kira Pika)
• 1997 – Anhelina Kalinina, Ukrainian tennis player
• 1999 – Bea Miller, American singer-songwriter and actress

Deaths

• 812 – Li Ning, Chinese prince (b. 793)
• 999 – Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia (b. 932)
• 1045 – Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (b. 1009)
• 1317 – Robert, Count of Clermont (b. 1256)
• 1626 – William V, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1548)
• 1642 – William Bedell, English bishop and academic (b. 1571)
• 1693 – Paul Pellisson, French lawyer and author (b. 1624)
• 1736 – Stephen Gray, English astronomer and physicist (b. 1666)
• 1779 – William Boyce, English organist and composer (b. 1711)
• 1799 – Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1711)
• 1801 – Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish-German painter and academic (b. 1726)
• 1819 – August Wilhelm Hupel, German-Estonian linguist and author (b. 1737)
• 1823 – Ann Radcliffe, English author (b. 1764)
• 1837 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (b. 1778)
• 1862 – Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo, Spanish playwright and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1787)
• 1864 – Vuk Karadžić, Serbian philologist and linguist (b. 1787)
• 1871 – Henry E. Steinway, German-American businessman, founded Steinway & Sons (b. 1797)
• 1873 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish author (b. 1814)
• 1878 – Pope Pius IX (b. 1792)
• 1897 – Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist and engineer (b. 1847)
• 1919 – William Halford, English-American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1841)
• 1920 – Alexander Kolchak, Russian admiral and explorer (b. 1874)
• 1920 – Charles Langelier, Canadian journalist, judge, and politician (b. 1850)
• 1921 – John J. Gardner, American politician (b. 1845)
• 1937 – Elihu Root, American lawyer and politician, 38th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
• 1938 – Harvey Samuel Firestone, American businessman, founded the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (b. 1868)
• 1939 – Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter and illustrator (b. 1886)
• 1942 – Ivan Bilibin, Russian illustrator and stage designer (b. 1876)
• 1944 – Lina Cavalieri, Italian soprano and actress (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Nap Lajoie, American baseball player and manager (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Daniel François Malan, South African minister and politician, 5th Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Guitar Slim, American singer and guitarist (b. 1926)
• 1960 – Igor Kurchatov, Russian physicist and academic (b. 1903)
• 1963 – Learco Guerra, Italian cyclist and manager (b. 1902)
• 1964 – Sofoklis Venizelos, Greek captain and politician, 133rd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1894)
• 1968 – Nick Adams, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 1972 – Walter Lang, American director and screenwriter (b. 1896)
• 1979 – Josef Mengele, German SS officer and physician (b. 1911)
• 1985 – Matt Monro, English singer (b. 1930)
• 1986 – Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegalese historian, anthropologist, and physicist (b. 1923)
• 1990 – Alan Perlis, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1922)
• 1990 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (b. 1905)
• 1991 – Amos Yarkoni, Israeli colonel (b. 1920)
• 1994 – Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer and conductor (b. 1913)
• 1996 – Phillip Davidson, American general (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Hussein of Jordan (b. 1935)
• 1999 – Bobby Troup, American actor, pianist, and composer (b. 1918)
• 2000 – Doug Henning, Canadian magician and politician (b. 1947)
• 2000 – Big Pun, American rapper and actor (Terror Squad) (b. 1971)
• 2001 – Dale Evans, American singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1912)
• 2001 – Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American author and pilot (b. 1906)
• 2003 – Augusto Monterroso, Guatemalan author (b. 1921)
• 2005 – Atli Dam, Faroese engineer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1932)
• 2006 – Princess Durru Shehvar of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1914)
• 2009 – Blossom Dearie, American singer and pianist (b. 1924)
• 2010 – Franco Ballerini, Italian cyclist and coach (b. 1964)
• 2012 – Harry Keough, American soccer player and coach (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Krsto Papić, Croatian director and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2013 – Peter Steen, Danish actor (b. 1936)
• 2014 – Tado, Filipino comedian and actor (b. 1974)
• 2014 – Doug Mohns, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Billy Casper, American golfer and architect (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Marshall Rosenberg, American psychologist and author (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Dean Smith, American basketball player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2015 – John C. Whitehead, American banker and politician, 9th United States Deputy Secretary of State (b. 1922)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Richard the Pilgrim
  • Blessed Eugénie Smet
  • Blessed Pope Pius IX
  • Chrysolius
  • Egidio Maria of Saint Joseph
  • Colette of Corbie
  • February 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Independence Day (Grenada), celebrates the independence of Grenada from the United Kingdom in 1974.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada