Texian is an archaic demonym which defined a resident of Mexican Texas and the Republic of Texas and the same region after annexation by the United States of America in 1845. In addition to Texian, several other names were used during the period, including Texasian, Texican, and Texonian.

Citizens of the current state of Texas are generally referred to as Texans.

Many different immigrant groups came to Texas over the centuries. There was Spanish immigration in the 17th century, French in the 18th and massive German, Czech, Dutch, Swedish, Irish, Scots, Portuguese, and Welsh immigration in the years leading up to Texas independence in the 19th. Thus, the word Texian is not specific to white immigrants or English-speaking immigrants that settled the land. And so, before Texas became a sovereign nation, Texian may refer to any one of its citizens of any color and language.

In 1834-36 the Texian Army was organized for the Texas Revolution of independence from Mexico, a nation which had won its independence from Spain just a dozen years earlier. The Texian Army was a diverse group of men and women from many different nations and states. The Texian Army was made up of local native-born Tejano volunteers, United States volunteers from states such as Georgia, Alabama, the Carolinas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia; and people from England, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Portugal and what is now the Czech Republic. Used in this sense, terms like "Texian Army", "Texian forces", or "Texian troops", would refer to any of the inhabitants of Texas, in that era, that participated in the Texas Revolution.