Crash Course

Locke, Berkeley, & Empiricism: Crash Course Philosophy #6

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Duration: 9:52
Updated: 15 Mar 2016
views: 610

This week we answer skeptics like Descartes with empiricism. Hank explains John Locke’s primary and secondary qualities and why George Berkeley doesn’t think that distinction works -- leaving us with literally nothing but our minds, ideas, and perceptions. -- Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ -- Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace. http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashC... Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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Cartesian Skepticism - Neo, Meet Rene: Crash Course Philosophy #5

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Duration: 10:01
Updated: 07 Mar 2016
views: 116216

This week Hank introduces skepticism, exploring everything from the nature of reality through the eyes of a 17th century philosopher and, of course, The Matrix. -- Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ "The Matrix" stills copyright 1999 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. “Crowd with Violin Playing” by Freesound user alukahn: http://freesound.org/people/alukahn/sounds/144139/ -- Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace. http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashC... Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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Leonardo DiCaprio & The Nature of Reality: Crash Course Philosophy #4

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Duration: 9:03
Updated: 29 Feb 2016
views: 8130

Today Hank gains insight from that most philosophical of figures...Leonardo DiCaprio. In this episode, we’re talking about the process of philosophical discovery and questioning the relationship between appearance and reality by taking a look at Plato’s famous Myth of the Cave. All with a little help from our good pal Leo. -- Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ "Inception" stills copyright 2010 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. and Legendary Pictures -- Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace. http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashC... Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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What is Philosophy?: Crash Course Philosophy #1

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Duration: 10:35
Updated: 08 Feb 2016
views: 13235

Today Hank begins to teach you about Philosophy by discussing the historical origins of philosophy in ancient Greece, and its three main divisions: metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory. He will also introduce logic, and how you’re going to use it to understand and critically evaluate a whole host of different worldviews throughout this course. And also, hopefully, the rest of your life. -- Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ -- Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace. http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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How to Argue - Philosophical Reasoning: Crash Course Philosophy #2

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Duration: 9:43
Updated: 16 Feb 2016
views: 7447

Before we dive into the big questions of philosophy, you need to know how to argue properly. We’ll start with an overview of philosophical reasoning and breakdown of how deductive arguments work (and sometimes don’t work). -- Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... -- Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace. http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashC... Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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How to Argue - Induction & Abduction: Crash Course Philosophy #3

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Duration: 10:18
Updated: 22 Feb 2016
views: 7571

We continue our look at philosophical reasoning by introducing two more types: induction and abduction. Hank explains their strengths and weaknesses, as well as counterarguments and the Socratic method. -- Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ -- Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Crash Course Philosophy is sponsored by Squarespace. http://www.squarespace.com/crashcourse -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashC... Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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Game Theory and Oligopoly: Crash Course Economics #26

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Duration: 9:56
Updated: 06 Mar 2016
views: 3457

Would you like to play a game, Dr. Falken? Actually, this episode isn't really about games, or Matthew Broderick, or Thermonuclear War. But enough with the long references to 1983's best movie, War Games. Today Jacob and Adriene are going to teach you about Oligopolies, which are kind of like the monopolies that we talked about last week, except with more companies involved. Then we'll get to the games, or rather, the game theory. Which is all about how companies try to compete with each other in the real world. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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Foreign Policy: Crash Course Government and Politics #50

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Duration: 10:00
Updated: 05 Mar 2016
views: 369

Today Craig finishes up our series on U.S. Government and Politics by talking about both the least and most important aspect of government: foreign policy. Foreign policy is important because it has the potential to affect the largest number of people, but at the same time, it tends to play a minimal role in our perception of the government (unless we’re at war). Foreign policy addresses diplomacy, security, human rights, economics, and the environment at a global scale, and we’re going to talk about how our government has approached each of these policies in the past and which it tends to hold most important. As with all things political, the decisions made in fulfilling these policies can be pretty controversial, especially when considering that the President often has the last word in these issues. We hope this series has helped you better understand the way the U.S. government works and hopefully encouraged you to participate in the political process - here or where you may live. Thank you so much for watching! Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Additional support is provided by Voqal: http://www.voqal.org All attributed images are licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 4.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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The Vikings! - Crash Course World History 224

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Duration: 11:18
Updated: 04 Feb 2015
views: 1048590

In which John Green teaches you about Vikings! That's right, one of our most requested subjects, the Vikings, right here on Crash Course. So what's the deal with Vikings? Well, the stuff you've heard about them may not be true. The Vikings weren't just pagan raiders striking terror into the hearts of defenseless European Christendom. They were some of the greatest travelers of their time, and they weren't always traveling to steal. In a lot of cases, they were traveling to trade. John will teach you about Viking trade goods, Norse Mythology, and yes, there will be blood, guts, and dragons. OK? You can directly support Crash Course at https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

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Deep Time: Crash Course Astronomy #45

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Duration: 15:15
Updated: 15 Jan 2016
views: 264194

As we approach the end of Crash Course Astronomy, it’s time now to acknowledge that our Universe’s days are numbered. Stars will die out after a few trillion years, protons will decay and matter will dissolve after a thousand trillion trillion trillion years, black holes will evaporate after 10^92 years, and then all will be dark. But there is still hope that a new Universe will be born from it. Crash Course Astronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster -- Hawking Radiation Mechanism resources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/hawking.html http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.html http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/154647/how-does-the-hawking-radiation-mechanism-cause-a-black-hole-to-lose-its-mass -- Table of Contents The Universe’s Days Are Numbered 0:32 Stars Eventually Die Out 3:02 Protons Eventually Decay 5:04 Bye-Bye Black Holes After 10^92 Years 7:49 With Death Comes Life 12:04 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS Hubble ACS SWEEPS Field http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star/star_field/pr2011016b/ [credit: NASA, ESA, W. Clarkson (Indiana University and UCLA), and K. Sahu (STScI)] Flare http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/dg_cvn_flare_final_4k_0.jpg [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger] Hubble Views Stellar Genesis in the Southern Pinwheel http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/04/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)] White Dwarf http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_468.html [credit: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI) and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)] Neutron Star Illustrated https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neutron_star_illustrated.jpg [credit: NASA, Casey Reed - Penn State University] Black Holes: Monsters in Space http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/multimedia/pia16695.html [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech] Binary Neutron Star Video https://nasaviz.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a030000/a030500/a030569/slide_04-B3_CWDB_inspiral.mp4 [credit: NASA] Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1316 in Fornax Cluster https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0024a/ [credit: ESO] Proton Aurora http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=20099 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab] A Race Round a Black Hole http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/universe/blackhole_race.html [credit: NASA/Dana Berry, SkyWorks Digital] The Big Bang http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10128 [credit: NASA] Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2014 http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/27/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, H. Teplitz and M. Rafelski (IPAC/Caltech), A. Koekemoer (STScI), R. Windhorst (Arizona State University), and Z. Levay (STScI)] Galaxy http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap150614.html [credit: Subaru Telescope (NAOJ), Hubble Space Telescope, Robert Gendler] One star, many stars (M13) http://www.deepskycolors.com/archive/2011/05/04/one-star-many-stars-M13.html [credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo] Earth https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/earth-from-space-15-amazing-things-in-15-years [credit: NASA's Earth Observatory] Explosion video [credit: Shutterstock / Richard Finch]

wn.com/Deep Time Crash Course Astronomy 45

Outtakes #5: Crash Course Government and Politics

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Duration: 4:46
Updated: 12 Mar 2016
views: 1224

A last round of laughs with Craig, Wheezywaiter, Benzine. Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashC... Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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Dark Matter: Crash Course Astronomy #41

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Duration: 12:00
Updated: 03 Dec 2015
views: 311611

Today on Crash Course Astronomy, Phil dives into some very dark matters. The stuff we can actually observe in the universe isn’t all there is. Galaxies and other large structures in the universe are created and shifted by a force we detect mostly indirectly, by observing its impact: DARK MATTER. Crash Course Astronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster -- Table of Contents Normal and Dark Matter 0:55 Dark Matter Only Interacts With Normal Matter Through Gravity 4:27 Dark Matter Bends Light 5:08 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS Virtual tour in our Solar System (Artist's impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hubblecast27b/ [credit: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)] Hubblecast 11: A grand design in a galactic festoon http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic0719a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)] Hubble's High-Definition Panoramic View of the Andromeda Galaxy http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2015/02/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Dalcanton, B.F. Williams, and L.C. Johnson (University of Washington), the PHAT team, and R. Gendler] Panning and zooming on Abell 1689 http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic0805b/ [credit: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)] All-sky image of molecular gas and three molecular cloud complexes seen by Planck http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/planck/multimedia/pia15227.html#.ViZwA36rSUl [credit: ESA/Planck Collaboration] How to Become a Star http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0102a/ [credit: ESO] Neutron star illustrated https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neutron_star_illustrated.jpg [credit: NASA, Casey Reed - Penn State University] Alone in Space - Astronomers Find New Kind of Planet http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/pia14093.html [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech] Black hole deforms space http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hst15_blackhole_grid/ [credit: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)] Gravitational lensing in action http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1106a/ [credit: NASA, ESA & L. Calçada] Bullet Cluster http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0608/bulletcluster_comp_f2048.jpg [credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/ M.Markevitch et al.; Lensing Map: NASA/STScI; ESO WFI; Magellan/U.Arizona/ D.Clowe et al. Optical: NASA/STScI; Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al.] Bullet Cluster, Optical http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2008/bullet/bullet_optical.jpg [credit: NASA/STScI; Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al.] Bullet Cluster, X-ray http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2008/bullet/bullet_xray.jpg [credit: NASA/CXC/CfA/ M.Markevitch et al.] The Bullet Cluster http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2007/07/The_Bullet_Cluster2 [credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/M.Markevitch, Optical and lensing map: NASA/STScI, Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe, Lensing map: ESO WFI] Pandora’s Cluster — Clash of the Titans http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/pandora-cluster.html [credit: NASA] Hubble Refines Distance to Pleiades Star Cluster http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/20/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and AURA/Caltech] Stephan’s Quintet http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap120225.html [credit: Hubble Legacy Archive, ESA, NASA] Virgo Cluster Galaxies http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap150804.html [credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo] Illustration of the distribution dark matter in the Universe http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/hst_img_20080520.html [credit: NASA, ESA, and E. Hallman (University of Colorado, Boulder)]

wn.com/Dark Matter Crash Course Astronomy 41

World War II, A War for Resources: Crash Course World History #220

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Duration: 11:02
Updated: 14 Dec 2014
views: 1057412

In which John Green teaches you about World War II, and some of the causes behind the war. In a lot of ways, WWII was about resources, and especially about food. The expansionist aggression of both Germany and Japan were in a lot of ways about resources. There were other reasons, to be sure, but the idea that the Axis needed more food can't be ignored. Citation 1: Lizzie Collingham. The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food. Penguin. New York. 2011. p 30 Citation 2: Collingham. p 102 You can directly support Crash Course at https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content.

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Conflict in Israel and Palestine: Crash Course World History 223

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Duration: 12:53
Updated: 28 Jan 2015
views: 2158147

In which John Green teaches you about conflict in Israel and Palestine. This conflict is often cast as a long-term beef going back thousands of years, and rooted in a clash between religions. Well, that's not quite true. What is true is that the conflict is immensely complicated, and just about everyone in the world has an opinion about it. John is going to try to get the facts across in under 13 minutes. Thought Café's series on the subject: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGAL9TcH76MBKR5hywFZ4CA You can directly support Crash Course at https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content. Citation 1: Arthur James Balfour, Balfour Declaration (letter to Baron Rothschild, leader of British Jewish community). 1917.

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Immune System, part 1: Crash Course A&P; #45

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Duration: 9:13
Updated: 08 Dec 2015
views: 199625

Our final episodes of Anatomy & Physiology explore the way your body keeps all that complex, intricate stuff alive and healthy -- your immune system. The immune system’s responses begin with physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, and when they’re not enough, there are phagocytes -- the neutrophils and macrophages. It also features the awesomely named natural killer cells and the inflammatory response, and we'll explain how all of these elements work together to save the day if you happen to slip on a banana peel. Crash Course A&P; poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-anatomy-and-physiology-poster Table of Contents Physical Barriers Like Skin and Mucous Membranes 2:01 Phagocytes: Neutrophils and Macrophages 3:17 Natural Killer Cells 4:29 Inflammatory Response 5:29 *** "Reformat" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ *** Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

wn.com/Immune System, Part 1 Crash Course A P 45

Crash Course Physics Preview

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Duration: 2:36
Updated: 18 Feb 2016
views: 3518

It's time! Crash Course Physics is coming soon and here is your introduction to our host for this series, Dr. Shini Somara. You can find out more about her linked below! Twitter: https://twitter.com/shinisomara IMDB: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4997483/?ref_=rvi_nm Website: http://www.drshinisomara.com/ *** Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

wn.com/Crash Course Physics Preview

Black Holes: Crash Course Astronomy #33

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Duration: 12:26
Updated: 25 Sep 2015
views: 475732

We’ve covered a lot of incredible stuff, but this week we’re talking about the weirdest objects in space: BLACK HOLES. Stellar mass black holes form when a very massive star dies, and its core collapses. The core has to be more than about 2.8 times the Sun’s mass to form a black hole. Black holes come in different sizes, but for all of them, the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light, so nothing can escape, not matter or light. They don’t wander the Universe gobbling everything down around them; their gravity is only really intense very close to them. Tides near a stellar mass black hole will spaghettify you, and time slows down when you get near a black hole — not that this helps much if you’re falling in. Crash Course Astronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster -- Table of Contents How Stellar Mass Black Holes Are Formed 1:03 The Core 1:43 Nothing Can Escape Once It’s Inside 2:29 Gravity Intensifies The Closer You Get 3:33 Spaghettification 6:01 Time Will Slow Down Near A Black Hole 8:01 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS White Dwarf Pulses Like a Pulsar http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/whitedwarf_pulsar.html [credit: NASA, Casey Reed] Swift Reveals New Phenomenon in a Neutron Star http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/swift/bursts/new-phenom.html#.Vc4isflVhBd [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center] Black Holes - Monsters in Space https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Black_Holes_-_Monsters_in_Space.jpg [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech, Wikimedia Commons] What if the Sun became a black hole? (artist's impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hubblecast43g/ [credit: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser)] Black Hole Animation http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2003/0203long/animations.html [credit: NASA/SAO/CXC/D.Berry] Star Destroyer http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11065 [credit: Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center] Black hole deforms space http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hst15_blackhole_grid/ [credit: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)] Black hole close-up (artist's impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic0211c/ [credit: European Space Agency, NASA and Felix Mirabel (the French Atomic Energy Commission & the Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics/Conicet of Argentina)]

wn.com/Black Holes Crash Course Astronomy 33

The Big Bang, Cosmology part 1: Crash Course Astronomy #42

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Duration: 13:23
Updated: 10 Dec 2015
views: 249723

Thanks to observations of galaxy redshifts, we can tell that the universe is EXPANDING! Knowing that the universe is expanding and how quickly its expanding also allows us to run the clock backwards 14 billion years to the way the universe began - with a bang. Crash Course Astronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster -- Table of Contents Distant Galaxies Show a Red Shift in Their Spectra 2:07 The Universe is Expanding 2:51 This Model is Called “The Big Bang” 5:12 The Universe is Almost 14 Billion Years Old 11:43 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS Hubble Goes to the eXtreme to Assemble Farthest-Ever View of the Universe http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/xdf.html [credit: NASA; ESA; G. Illingworth, D. Magee, and P. Oesch, University of California, Santa Cruz; R. Bouwens, Leiden University; and the HUDF09 Team] Out of this whirl: The Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) and companion galaxy http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0506a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith (STScI), and The Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA)] Red-Shifts in the Spectra of Extra-glactic Nebuale http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1936ApJ....83...10H&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf [credit: American Astronomical Society, NASA Astrophysics Data System] Andromeda http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/386910main_M31_optical_wide.jpg [credit: Bill Schoening, Vanessa Harvey/REU program/NOAO/AURA/NSF] The Big Bang (video) http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10128 [credit: NASA] The Sun https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/706436main_20121114-304-193blend_m6-orig_full.jpg [credit: NASA/SDO] Alpha Centauri http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1241e/ [credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2, Acknowledgement: Davide De Martin] Andromeda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#/media/File:Andromeda_galaxy_2.jpg [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech] Friedmann Universes https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friedmann_universes.svg Friedmann Equation http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr328/Notes/Expansion/friedmann.html Penzias and Wilson stand at the 15 meter Holmdel Horn Antenna that brought their most notable discovery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias#/media/File:Horn_Antenna-in_Holmdel,_New_Jersey.jpeg [credit: NASA] Planck CMB http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2013/03/Planck_CMB [credit: ESA and the Planck Collaboration] Galaxy Superclusters http://irfu.cea.fr/Projets/coast_documents/images_MareNostrum/SDvision-MN00097-hires-01-mymix-a0_075.jpg [credit: Marenostrum Numerical Cosmology Project]

wn.com/The Big Bang, Cosmology Part 1 Crash Course Astronomy 42

A Brief History of the Universe: Crash Course Astronomy #44

Order: Reorder
Duration: 12:36
Updated: 07 Jan 2016
views: 215991

Thanks to the wonders of physics, astronomers can map a timeline of the universe’s history. Today, Phil’s going to give you an overview of those first few minutes (yes, MINUTES) of the universe’s life. It started with a Big Bang, when the Universe was incredibly dense and hot. It expanded and cooled, going through multiple stages where different kinds of matter could form. It underwent a phenomenally rapid expansion called inflation, which smoothed out much of the lumpiness in the matter. Normal matter formed atoms between 3 and 20 minutes after the bang, and the lumps left over from inflation formed the galaxies and larger structures we see today. Crash Course Astronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster -- Table of Contents Mapping the History of the Universe Using Math and Observations 00:41 It Started With A Bang! 1:58 Rapid Expansion Smoothed Out Matter 4:55 Normal Matter Formed After 3-20 Minutes 5:12 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS Proton Collision Event with Boosters and LHC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhXMXiXOWAA [credit: ATLAS] Melting Snowball video courtesy of Phil Plait Big Bang to Hubble http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/hst15_big_bang_to_hubble/ [credit: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)] Journey to the centre of the Sun http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/astro_ac/ [credit: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)] PIA16873: Best Map Ever of the Universe http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16873 [credit: ESA and the Planck Collaboration] A high resolution foreground cleaned CMB map from WMAP http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/mapforegs.pdf [credit: Tegmark et al.] Planck comb rbcol scaled http://www.astro.cardiff.ac.uk/~spxcen/CMB_Sims/Planck_comb_rbcol_scaled.png [credit: Chris North, Cardiff University] WMAP's Portrait of the Early Universe http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10123 [credit: NASA]

wn.com/A Brief History Of The Universe Crash Course Astronomy 44

Gamma-Ray Bursts: Crash Course Astronomy #40

Order: Reorder
Duration: 14:05
Updated: 13 Nov 2015
views: 238770

Gamma-ray bursts are not only incredible to study, but their discovery has an epic story all its own. Today Phil takes you through some Cold War history and then dives into what we know. Bursts come in two rough varieties: Long and short. Long ones are from hypernovae, massive stars exploding, sending out twin beams of matter and energy. Short ones are from merging neutron stars. Both kinds are so energetic they are visible for billions of light years, and both are also the birth announcements of black holes. Crash Course Astronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster -- Table of Contents Gamma-Ray Were Discovered During the Cold War 0:47 Bursts Come in Two Varieties: Long and Short 8:35 Long Bursts Are From Hypernovae, Massive Stars Exploding 6:46 Short Ones Are From Merging Neutron Stars 9:00 Both Are The Birthplace of Black holes 9:55 -- PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS Nuclear Bomb Images via Wikimedia Commons: Operation Upshot Knothole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg Ivy Mike https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IvyMike2.jpg Castle Bravo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Bravo#/media/File:Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg Upshot Knothole GRABLE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upshot-Knothole_GRABLE.jpg President Kennedy signs the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty#/media/File:President_Kennedy_signs_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty,_07_October_1963.jpg [credit: Wikimedia Commons] Vela http://www.losangeles.af.mil/shared/media/photodb/photos/2013/06/130605-F-IN001-011.jpg [credit: USAF] The Crab Nebula https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1604.html [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Hester, A. Loll (ASU)] Solar Flare http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/News041612-M1.7flare.html [credit: NASA/SDO/AIA] Gamma Ray Burst http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=20139 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab] Four ALMA antennas on the Chajnantor plain http://www.eso.org/public/images/alma-jfs-2010-10/ [credit: ESO/José Francisco Salgado (josefrancisco.org)] Gamma Ray Burst 970228 https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo9730b/ [credit: Andrew Fruchter (STScI), Elena Pian (ITSRE-CNR), and NASA/ESA] HST/STIS Image of the optical afterglow of w:GRB 970508 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970508#/media/File:StisI.gif [credit: STScI/NASA] Black Holes: Monsters in Space http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/multimedia/pia16695.html [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech] Naked-Eye Gamma-ray Burst Model for GRB 080319B http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10369 [credit: NASA/Swift/Cruz deWilde] 2008 GRB http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/218810main_grb_20080320_HI.jpg [credit: NASA/Swift/Stefan Immler, et al.] GRB Data http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/134782main_GRB_data_compare_black_sm.jpg [credit: NASA] Imagine two massive stars born together as a binary star http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2005/j0806/wd_lg.mpg [credit: NASA/GSFC/D. Berry] Colliding Binary Neutron stars http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/animations/neutronstars.html?page=4 [credit: NASA/D.Berry] Black Hole Devours a Neutron Star http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/animations/neutronstars.html?page=5 [credit: NASA/D.Berry] Eta Carinae https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta_Carinae#/media/File:Eta_Carinae.jpg [credit: Jon Morse (University of Colorado) & NASA Hubble Space Telescope] WR 104: A Pinwheel Star System http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap140603.html [credit: P. Tuthill (U. Sydney) & J. Monnier (U. Michigan), Keck Obs., ARC, NSF] Swift HD Beauty Shot http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10867 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center] Swift's 500 Gamma-ray Bursts http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=10590 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center]

wn.com/Gamma Ray Bursts Crash Course Astronomy 40

Monopolies and Anti-Competitive Markets: Crash Course Economics #25

Order: Reorder
Duration: 10:17
Updated: 27 Feb 2016
views: 2415

What is a monopoly? It turns out, it's more than just a board game. It's a terrible, terrible economic practice in which giant corporations dominate markets and hurt consumers. Except when it isn't. In some industries, monopolies are the most efficient way to do business. Utilities like electricity, water, and broadband internet access are probably less efficiently delivered in competitive markets. Come along, and let us monopolize your attention for a few minutes. You might learn something. And you might land on Free Parking. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

wn.com/Monopolies And Anti Competitive Markets Crash Course Economics 25

Everything, The Universe...And Life: Crash Course Astronomy #46

Order: Reorder
Duration: 11:23
Updated: 21 Jan 2016
views: 205262

Here it is, folks: the end. In our final episode of Crash Course Astronomy, Phil gives the course a send off with a look at some of his favorite topics and the big questions that Astronomy allows us to ask. Thank you for watching. -- Crash Course Astronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse -- PHOTOS/VIDEOS Exoplanet, thick atmosphere - Artist’s Impression http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/681727main_kepler47_art_full.jpg [credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle] Exoplanet, Earth-like - Artist’s Impression http://www.gemini.edu/images/pio/News/2014/pr2014_03/AAAS/quintana4HR.jpg [credit: NASA Ames/SETI Institute/JPL-CalTech] James Webb Space Telescope http://www.stsci.edu/~levay/presres/jwst/jwst05_new-config.jpg [credit: Northrop Grumman Space Technology] Hubble's High-Definition Panoramic View of the Andromeda Galaxy http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2015/02/ [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Dalcanton, B.F. Williams, and L.C. Johnson (University of Washington), the PHAT team, and R. Gendler] Bennu's Journey http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=20220 [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab] Wedding Lanterns https://www.flickr.com/photos/jirka_matousek/12431704084 [credit: Jirka Matousek] Balloon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Echo#/media/File:Echo_II.jpg [credit: NASA] Naked-eye Venus photo taken by Phil Plait Cygnus Reentry https://www.flickr.com/photos/astro_alex/14760660030/in/set-72157645670772466/ [credit: ESA/NASA] Moon http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/potw1023a.jpg [credit: G. Gillet/ESO] Progress M-10M reentry plasma trail https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Progress_M-10M_reentry_plasma_trail.jpg [credit: NASA] Alien Worlds https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/sites/www.cfa.harvard.edu/files/images/pr/2011-30/1/hires.jpg [credit: David Aguilar / CfA] Beyond the Visible: The Story of the Very Large Array https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqX9vLj3_7w [credit: NRAO] Barred spiral bares all http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1035a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA] Hi hello https://www.flickr.com/photos/bencanales/8745890764/sizes/l [credit: Ben Canales, http://www.thestartrail.com/]

wn.com/Everything, The Universe...And Life Crash Course Astronomy 46

Behavioral Economics: Crash Course Econ 27

Order: Reorder
Duration: 10:34
Updated: 12 Mar 2016
views: 2952

Why do people buy the stuff they buy? In classical economics, most models assume that consumers behave rationally. As you've probably noticed in your real life, in case after case, people don't actually make rational decisions. There can be emotional or social reasons for all this irrationality, and behavioral economics tries to address this. We'll talk about risk, nudge theory, prices and perception, and the ultimatum game. So, let's get irrational, in a logical way, of course. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Mark, Eric Kitchen, Jessica Wode, Jeffrey Thompson, Steve Marshall, Moritz Schmidt, Robert Kunz, Tim Curwick, Jason A Saslow, SR Foxley, Elliot Beter, Jacob Ash, Christian, Jan Schmid, Jirat, Christy Huddleston, Daniel Baulig, Chris Peters, Anna-Ester Volozh, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

wn.com/Behavioral Economics Crash Course Econ 27