Édouard Manet (23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, and a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. His early masterworks, The Luncheon on the Grass (Le déjeuner sur l'herbe) and Olympia, both 1863, caused great controversy and served as rallying points for the young painters who would create Impressionism. Today, these are considered watershed paintings that mark the genesis of modern art. Born into an upper-class household with strong political connections, Manet rejected the future originally envisioned for him, and became engrossed in the world of painting. He married Suzanne Leenhoff in 1863. The last 20 years of Manet's life saw him form bonds with other great artists of the time, and develop his own style that would be heralded as innovative and serve as a major influence for future painters. After the death of his father in 1862, Manet married Suzanne Leenhoff in 1863. Leenhoff was a Dutch-born piano teacher of Manet's age with whom he had been romantically involved for approximately ten years. Leenhoff initially had been employed by Manet's father, Auguste, to teach Manet and his younger brother piano. She also may have been Auguste's mistress. In 1852, Leenhoff gave birth, out of wedlock, to a son, Leon Koella Leenhoff. Eleven-year-old Leon Leenhoff, whose father may have been either of the Manets, posed often for Manet. Most famously, he is the subject of the Boy Carrying a Sword of 1861 (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). He also appears as the boy carrying a tray in the background of The Balcony. Manet painted his wife in The Reading, among other paintings. Édouard Manet (né à Paris le 23 janvier 1832 - mort à Paris le 30 avril 1883) est un peintre français majeur de la fin du xix siècle. Initiateur de la peinture moderne qu'il libère de l'académisme, Édouard Manet est à tort considéré comme l'un des pères de l'impressionnisme : il s'en distingue en effet par une facture soucieuse du réel qui n'utilise pas (ou peu) les nouvelles techniques de la couleur et le traitement particulier de la lumière. Il s'en rapproche cependant par certains thèmes récurrents comme les portraits, les paysages marins, la vie parisienne ou encore les natures mortes, tout en peignant de façon personnelle, dans une première période, des scènes de genre (sujets espagnols et odalisques par exemple). Édouard Manet (Paris, 23 de janeiro de 1832 — Paris, 30 de abril de 1883) foi um pintor e artista gráfico francês e uma das figuras mais importantes da arte do século XIX. 愛德華·馬奈（法文：Édouard Manet，1832年1月23日－1883年4月30日），出生在法國巴黎的寫實派與印象派畫家。 馬內的畫風乍看之下應該屬於古典的寫實派畫風，其人物細節都相當有真實感。但馬內之所以也被歸為印象派畫家的原因，在於他所畫的主題，顛覆了寫實派的保守思考。要畫戰爭，就畫衝突性高的，被處決的畫面。要畫野餐，就畫爭議性高的對比，裸女自然的坐在穿西服的紳士當中。馬內很明顯的表示出，印象派並不僅僅靠繪畫技巧來與眾不同，主題也可以重新思考的一個概念。

• published: 21 Aug 2015
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