Mápó dòufu, or mápó tòfu, is a popular Chinese dish from the Sichuan (Szechuan) province, and probably the best known Chinese dishes in western world. It is a combination of tofu (bean curd) set in a spicy chili- and bean-based sauce, typically a thin, oily, and bright red suspension, and often cooked with fermented black beans and minced meat, usually pork or beef. Variations exist with other ingredients such as water chestnuts, onions, other vegetables, or Judae's Ear (aka Jelly Ear, a mushroom).

The full name of Mapo doufu is "Chen Mapo Doufu", where "Chen" is the family name of inventor's husband, but people normally shorten it to "Mapo Doufu" for easier memorizing. Ma stands for "mazi" (Pinyin: mázi Traditional Chinese 麻子) which means a person disfigured by pockmarks or leprosy, the latter is also called 痲 má or 麻風 máfēng. Po (Chinese 婆) translates as "old woman, crone". Hence, Ma Po is an old woman whose face was pockmarked, and "Doufu" is the Chinese phonetic symbol which stands for tofu. It is thus sometimes translated as "Pockmarked-Face Lady's Tofu".