Sri
Ramanuja (1017--1137), also known as
Sri Ramanujacharya, was a theologian, philosopher, and scriptural exegete. He is seen as the most important teacher (ācārya) of their tradition who followed
Nathamuni and
Yamunacharya, and by Hindus in general as the leading expounder of Viśiṣṭādvaita, one of the classical interpretations of the dominant Vedanta school of
Hindu philosophy.
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Visishtadvaita philosophy
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Ramanuja's philosophy is referred to as Vishishtadvaita because it combines
Advaita (oneness of God) with Vishesha (attributes).
Ramanuja may have written 9 books. They are also referred to as the nine precious gems, the Navarathnas.
His most famous work is known as the
Sri Bhasya or
Brahma Sutra Bhasya. It is a commentary on the
Brahma Sutras, known also as the Vedānta Sūtras of Badarayana.
Gadhya Thrayam (three prose hymns). All three are important works in Srivaishnava philosophy:
Vaikunta Gadyam describing in great detail Vaikuntha, the realm of
Vishnu and recommending meditating on it.
Sriranga Gadyam, a prayer of surrender to the feet of Ranganatha
Saranagati Gadyam, an imagined dialogue between Ramanuja and
Shri (
Lakshmi) and Narayana where he petitions Lakshmi to recommend Narayana to give him grace. Narayana and Lakshmi accept his surrender.
Vedartha Sangraha (a resume of Vedanta). It sets out Ramanuja's philosophy, which is theistic (it affirms a morally perfect, omniscient and omnipotent God) and realistic (it affirms the existence and reality of a plurality of qualities, persons and objects).
Vedanta
Saara (essence of Vedanta) an appendix to Sri Bhasya
Vedanta
Deepa (the light of Vedanta), another appendix/commentary to Sri Bhasya.
Gita Bhashya ( his commentary on the
Bhagavad Gita)
Nithya Grantham (About the day to day activities to be performed by all Sri Vaishnavas)
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Ramanuja's achievements are visible to this day. Iyengar Brahmins in
South India follow his philosophical tradition. The
Tamil prabhandas are chanted at
Vishnu temples on par with the Sanskrit vedas.
Persons of all communities, and not just Brahmins, are given roles in rituals at
Srirangam and other leading temples. The philosophic discourses have been passed on to subsequent generations by great successors like
Pillai Lokacharya,
Vedanta Desika and
Manavala Mamuni who lived in the
13th and
14th centuries. Several hagiographic accounts suggest that Ramanuja was an incarnation of Sri Adi-Sesha. The
Swaminarayan tradition of
Gujarat also traces its acharya-paraMparA to Ramanuja through
Ramananda (who according to legend was administered pancha-samskaras by ramanuja).
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In almost all of
Sri Vaishnava temples,
Acharya Ramanuja is given the foremost prominence. His blessings are invoked at the beginning of devotional services. Several temples like
Sri Venkateswara Temple at
Tirumala,
Sri Parthasarathy Temple at
Chennai, Sri Thirunarayana
Swami Temple at
Melukote have exclusive shrines dedicated to him. The Sattrumurai, or Appellations made to the
Lord, at the end of daily services in a Sri Vaishnava temple always conclude with the words: Sarva
Desa Dasa Kaleshu Avyahata Parakrama | Ramanuja
Arya Divyajna Vardhatam Abhivardhatam ||
Meaning: Let the most
Magnificent instruction of Sri Ramanuja increase and pervade through all countries at all times, without any hindrance.
Annamacharya had written songs such as Gatulanni Khilamaina Kaliyugamanduna and Unnatonnatudu Udayavaru in praise of
Ramanujacharya.
- published: 01 Sep 2012
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