Pygostylia
Pygostylia is a group of avialans which includes the Confuciusornithidae and all of the more advanced species, the Ornithothoraces.
Definition
The group Pygostylia was intended to encompass all avialans with a short, stubby tail, as opposed to the long, reptilian tails of more primitive species like Archaeopteryx lithographica. It was named by Sankar Chatterjee in 1997. Louis Chiappe later defined Pygostylia as a node-based clade, "the common ancestor of the Confuciusornithidae and Neornithes plus all its descendants". In 2001, Jaques Gauthier and Kevin De Queiroz recommended that Chatterjee's original apomorphy-based clade concept be used instead of Chiappe's node-based definition, but this recommendation has been inconsistently followed. Louis Chiappe and co-authors continue to use Chiappe's definition, often attributing authorship of the name to Chiappe 2001 or Chiappe 2002 rather than to Chatterjee.
Cladogram following the results of a phylogenetic study by Lefèvre et al., 2014:
Podcasts:
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by The Boy from Oz Soundtrack
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by Everyone Everywhere
Bi-Coastal
by: The Boy from Oz SoundtrackYou used to live in New York City
Then you moved to L.A.
But you still miss the streets
Where you used to play
So you hurry on back there
(Even) Leave your pool and your car
Only to find you no longer belong
Fool don't you know what you are
Hit the streets at midnight
Still dancing after dawn
But something seems to be missing
Just what are you running from
Do you like your love in the dark
Or laid out in the sun
When you just can't make up your mind
Don't you know what you've become
Bi-coastal, miss the natural speed of the city
Bi-coastal, California's fine if you're pretty
Bi-coastal, when both are so much fun
Why do you have to pick one
You can always hear me singing
Oh say can you see
From the towers of Manhattan
To the hills of Beverly
All those girls in TV movies
All those boys on Broadway
When you can't make up your mind
You know you'd go either way
Bi-coastal, miss the natural speed of the city
Bi-coastal, California's fine if you're pretty
Bi-coastal, when both are so much fun
Why do you have to pick one