- published: 22 May 2010
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Science in the medieval Islamic world (also known, less accurately, as Islamic science or Arabic science) was the science developed and practiced in the medieval Islamic world during the Islamic Golden Age (8th century CE – c. 1258 CE, sometimes considered to have extended to the 15th or 16th century). During this time scholars translated Indian, Assyrian, Iranian and Greek knowledge into Arabic. These translations became a wellspring for scientific advances by scientists from Muslim-ruled areas during the Middle Ages.
Scientists within the Muslim-ruled areas had diverse ethnic backgrounds they included Persians,Arabs, Assyrians, Kurds and Egyptians. They also came from diverse religious backgrounds. Most were Muslims, but their ranks also included some Christians,Jews and irreligious.
The term Islam refers either to the religion of Islam or to the Islamic civilization that formed around it. Islamic civilization is composed of many faiths and cultures, although the proportion of Muslims among its population has increased over time.
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