Korean Empire
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The Korean Empire, Corea, or
Daehan Jeguk (
Greater Korean Empire or
Great Han Empire) is the name of the state of
Korea that existed from the Proclamation of the Korean Empire in October 1897 to the
Annexation of Korea by
Japan on August 20, 1910. It succeeded the
Joseon Dynasty. In October 1897,
Emperor Gojong proclaimed the new entity at Gyeongungung
Palace and oversaw the partially successful modernization of the military, economy, land system, education system, and various industries.
Japan became wary of the speed at which the Korean Empire was modernizing and decided to speed up its plans for annexation. These plans were accelerated after the assassination of
Ito Hirobumi. On August 22, 1910, Korea was annexed by
Imperial Japan. With the assassination of his wife
Empress Myeongseong,
King Gojong and
Crown Prince (later became
Emperor Sunjong) fled to the
Russian legation in 1896. During the time from
Queen Min's death to the king's return from Russian protection, Korea underwent another major upheaval both at home and abroad. By 1894, new laws passed by pro-Japanese progressives in the royal cabinet forced through long-desired reforms aimed at revamping Korea's antiquated society. These laws were called the
Gabo Reforms referring to the year (1894) in which they began.
Meanwhile, the new reforms aimed at modernizing
Korean society soon attracted controversy from within.
Anti-Japanese sentiment, which had already become entrenched in the minds of commoners and aristocrats alike during the
Japanese invasions of Korea (1592--1598), became pervasive in the royal court and upper echelons of society following the
Ganghwa Treaty of 1876 and soon extended explosively to most
Koreans following perceived
Japanese meddling in court politics and the assassination of Empress Myeongseong. However, the new and controversial reforms pushed forward by the pro-Japanese progressives ignited further resentment and discontent. This led to the uprising of the Eulmi temporary armies aimed at avenging the assassination of Empress Myeongseong. In 1897, King Gojong, yielding to rising pressure from both overseas and the demands of the
Independence Association-led public opinion, returned to Gyeongungung (modern-day
Deoksugung). There, he proclaimed the founding of the
Empire of Korea, officially redesignated the national title as such, and declared the new era name Gwangmu (meaning warrior of light), effectively severing Korea's superficial historic ties as a tributary of
Qing Dynasty, which Korea had adhered to since the prior Manchurian invasion in 1636. King Gojong became the
Gwangmu Emperor, the first imperial head of state and hereditary sovereign of the Empire of Korea. This marked the complete end of the old world order and traditional amicable dependency system in the
Far East. Korea's new status as an empire meant "
Complete independence from
Qing's sphere of influence" which means Korea was not influenced by Qing externally according to the
Treaty of Shimonoseki of
1895 and also implemented the "full and complete" independence according to the treaty. The name, meaning "Great Han Empire," was chosen to indicate the revival of the
Samhan confederacies of the Proto--Three
Kingdoms of Korea, in the tradition of naming new states after historic states. The significance of the declaration of an
Empire, in the
Korean understanding of the situation was to declare
Koreas independence and equality with
China and Japan. Historically, the usage
of Emperor was reserved for the
Chinese Emperor, the
Son of Heaven. Some Korean dynasties had acknowledged themselves as vassals of the
Chinese, and had refrained from ever declaring their equality with China. When Japan experienced the
Meiji Restoration, the
Japanese Emperor was declared the source of sovereignty in the
Japanese government. The Japanese government sent news of the Meiji Restoration, the
Korean government refused to acknowledge the change. Not only did it challenge the supremacy of the Chinese Emperor as the suzerains of Korea but it also made Japan address Korea as an equal, rather then as a Chinese subservient.
The change in title for Korea to Empire only became possible after the
Sino-Japanese war. The
Gwangmu reform was aimed at modernizing and westernizing Korea as a late starter in the industrial revolution. However,
Gwangmu Reform was not a radical because of foreign liabilities, suppression of democracy, and various other factors. As a result, Korea was suppressed by Japan, China, and
Russia.
For more information on this topic:
-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Empire
- http://koreanhistory.info/oldphotos
.htm
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7xGg5GOfWU
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDxS3bvFTBc
- http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQ9zyGYJJr8
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=566qUSeeWgU
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Korea
- published: 04 Jun 2013
- views: 3001