- published: 15 Aug 2015
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A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century, but since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable it was largely replaced by cellulose acetate. With the advent of computer assisted animation production, the use of cels has been practically abandoned in major productions. Disney studios stopped using cels in 1990 when Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) replaced this element in their animation process.
Generally, the characters are drawn on cels and laid over a static background drawing. This reduces the number of times an image has to be redrawn and enables studios to split up the production process to different specialised teams. Using this assembly line way to animate has made it possible to produce films much more cost-effectively. The invention of the technique is generally attributed to Earl Hurd, who patented the process in 1914. The outline of the images are drawn on the front of the cel while colors are painted on the back to eliminate brushstrokes. Traditionally, the outlines were hand-inked but since the 1960s they are almost exclusively xerographed on. Another important breakthrough in cel animation was the development of the Animation Photo Transfer Process, first seen in The Black Cauldron, released in 1985.
Actors: Kevin MacLeod (composer), Raymonde van Santen (producer), Raymonde van Santen (writer), Raymonde van Santen (director), Raymonde van Santen (editor), Cel Veraart (actor), Roy Fried (actor),
Genres: Documentary, Drama, News, Short,Actors: Jacqueline Chua (miscellaneous crew), Princess Lou Bernardo (miscellaneous crew), Mark Catap (miscellaneous crew), Jennifer D. Ching (miscellaneous crew), Charo Santos-Concio (producer), Tammy Bejerano (miscellaneous crew), John Paul Abellera (producer), Thellie Castro-Palanisamy (miscellaneous crew), Eugene Domingo (actress), Tess V. Fuentes (producer), Aga Muhlach (actor), Malou N. Santos (producer), Vanessa R. Valdez (producer), Kynan Del Rosario (miscellaneous crew), Kandice Dee (miscellaneous crew),
Genres: Adventure, Animation, Drama,Actors: Enrique Diego (producer), Enrique Diego (writer), Enrique Diego (editor), Enrique Diego (director), Enrique Diego (producer), Nicola Reale (actor), Beatriz Ortega (actress), Ángela Blanco (producer), Clara Diego (actress), Patricia Pérez (miscellaneous crew),
Genres: Action, Sci-Fi, Short,Actors: Brian Fortune (actor), Declan Reynolds (actor), Gerry Wade (actor), Luke Cameron (actor), Maureen O'Connell (actress), Damien Hannaway (actor), Robbie Byrne (actor), Dermot Doyle (editor), Shane Byrne (actor), Stephen Fitzgibbon (actor), Simon Houston (actor), Dermot Doyle (producer), Dermot Doyle (writer), Dermot Doyle (composer), Dermot Doyle (director),
Plot: Set in suburban Dublin, Hill 16 tells the story of Dublin teenager Niall, who is living under a strict curfew from his parents, due to summer of gang warfare. Niall withdraws, but his love of art and football fail to relieve the boredom as his friends enjoy the trappings of teenage life: relationships, image building, girls, etc. He befriends Cel, an attractive teacher from the local school. He tries his utmost to conceal his relationship with the older woman from his friends. But then events take a sudden turn. A major crackdown on the drug gangs in the area creates an atmosphere of paranoia among Niall's circle of friends - and with the arrival of his older cousin, Joe, throws Niall's world upside down, leading him to plan out the deadliest of outcomes.
Genres: Comedy, Thriller,Actors: Paulo Figueiredo (actor), Alexandre Borges (actor), Jayme del Cueto (actor), Ricardo Waddington (director), Ricardo Waddington (producer), Ricardo Waddington (miscellaneous crew), Marly Bueno (actress), Henri Pagnoncelli (actor), Edson Silva (actor), Xuxa Lopes (actress), Umberto Magnani (actor), Helena Gastal (costume designer), Moacyr Góes (actor), Moacyr Góes (director), Paulo Vespúcio (actor),
Plot: Author Manoel Carlos likes to write family dramas and only dramas. This one tells the story of Helena, a 50's single mother of Camila and Fred, both young adults, trying to live by herself. Everybody spontaneously loves her, from neighbors to unknown people. Yet, her life is not as easy as she would like. She has a problem with her daughter-in-law, with her half-sister Iris and with her old father, whom she abandoned for good 20 years ago. In a courageous move, she gets a boyfriend, young doctor Edu, the same age as Camila. It is not a surprise when Edu and Camila fall in love for each other, and Helena gets vulnerable to new lovers, rude farmer Pedro and romantic bookseller Miguel, both of her age. As if it wasn't enough, Camila develops leukemia, and there is only one way to save her: a transplant from one of her close relatives. But none of them are compatible. Now Helena must do whatever she can to save Camila, in spite of the daughter's lack of character.
Genres: Drama, Family,