The history of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
This animated film charts the history of the Judicial Committee of the
Privy Council, which today serves as the highest court of appeal for a number of
Commonwealth countries, as well as the
United Kingdom’s overseas territories, crown dependencies, and military sovereign base areas. The
JCPC hears around 40 appeals each year, chiefly in the courthouse it shares with the
UK Supreme Court on
Parliament Square,
London.
As this film explains, the origins of the JCPC stretch back to the
Curia Regis, or
Royal Court, of
Norman times. As
Parliament developed out of this council, the majority of petitions against decisions of the
Sovereign’s courts outside
Great Britain and Northern Ireland were referred to the
High Court of Parliament, which became the chief appellate tribunal. Over time, this ‘appellate jurisdiction’ transferred to a special committee of the Sovereign’s closest advisers (
Privy Counsellors).
The present constitution of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is based on the Judicial Committee Act 1833.
Under the
Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876, the
Law Lords (now UK Supreme Court Justices) became the permanent judges of the court.
Today, all Privy Counsellors who hold or have held high judicial office in the
United Kingdom, or have been judges of superior courts of certain Commonwealth countries, are eligible to sit if they are under 75 years of age.
With the growth of the
British empire, the JCPC’s worked peaked in the early
1900s. Over the years the JCPC has been asked for final rulings and interpretations of many different kinds of law, from
Roman Dutch law in appeals from
South Africa, to pre-revolutionary
French law from
Quebec, and Muslim, Buddhist and
Hindu law from
India.
Explore the work of the JCPC in more detail, and read and watch recent decisions and proceedings, at www.jcpc.uk