Ribose is an organic compound with formula C₅H₁₀O₅; specifically, a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with linear form H–(C=O)–(CHOH)₄–H, which has all the hydroxyl groups on the same side in the Fischer projection.

The term may refer to any of two enantiomers: almost always to D-ribose, which occurs widely in nature and is discussed here; or to its synthetic mirror image L-ribose, which is not found in nature and is of limited interest.

D-Ribose was first reported in 1891 by Emil Fischer. It is a C'-2 carbon enantiomer of the sugar D-arabinose (both isomers of which are named for their source, gum arabic) and ribose itself is named as a transposition of the name of arabinose.

Ribose comprises the backbone of RNA, a biopolymer that is the basis of genetic transcription. It is related to deoxyribose, as found in DNA. Once phosphorylated, ribose can become a subunit of ATP, NADH, and several other compounds that are critical to metabolism like the secondary messengers cAMP and cGMP.

Structure

Like many monosaccharides, ribose occurs in water as the linear form H–(C=O)–(CHOH)₄–H and any of two ring forms: ''ribofuranose'' ("C3'-endo"), with a five-membered ring, and ''ribopyranose'' ("C2'-endo"), with a six-membered ring. The ribofuranose form is predominant in aqueous solution.

The "D-" in the name D-ribose refers to the stereochemistry of the chiral carbon atom farthest away from the aldehyde group (C4'). In D-ribose, as in all D-sugars, this carbon atom has the same configuration as in D-glyceraldehyde.

Phosphorylation

References

Category:Aldopentoses

Katherine Reutter (, born July 30, 1988) is an American short track speed skater. She is a two-time medalist (one silver, one bronze) in the Winter Olympics, 2011 overall world silver medalist and the 2010-2011 overall ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup champion.

At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Reutter won silver in the 1000 m and bronze in the 3000 m relay. She has won one gold, two silvers, and four bronze medals at the World Championships, including overall silver medal at the 2011 World Championships. She has also won two bronze medal at the World Team Championships.

Personal life

Career

2008–2009

In February 2009, Reutter completed a 1000 m race in 1:29.667 in Dresden, Germany. It was less than 0.2 of a second short of the world record set the previous year by Chinese short track speed skater Wang Meng. At the 2009 World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships, in March 2009, Reutter won a bronze medal along with Kimberly Derrick, Alyson Dudek, Lana Gehring, and Jessica Smith.

Reutter won four silver medals at the 2009 Short Track Speed Skating World Cup. She won the women's 1500 m at the 2009–10 Short Track Speed Skating World Cup on November 7, 2009, finishing in 2:23.275, beating Cho Ha-Ri of South Korea. Reutter made the 2010 U.S. Olympic team after winning the 1000 and 1500 m at the 2010 U.S. Olympic Team Trials in September 2009.

2010 Winter Olympics

Reutter ranked 1st in her qualifying heats for the 500 m with a time of 44.187. She then set an Olympic record in the first quarterfinal with a time of 43.834 but the record was beaten by Wang Meng of China in the next heat, with a time of 43.284. Reutter started slow in the semifinals, resulting in a fourth place finish, eliminating her from medal contention. She finished seventh overall in the women's 500 m.

Reutter competed in the semifinals for the 3000 m relay with teammates Alyson Dudek, Allison Baver and Kimberly Derrick. The U.S. team qualified for the final in second place behind South Korea with a time of 4:15.376. Reutter finished in fourth place in the 1500 m final, behind Zhou Yang of China, with Lee Eun-Byul of South Korea in second, and Park Seung-Hi of South Korea in third. Reutter got tangled up with Wang Meng in the semifinal, causing both skaters and Cho Ha-Ri of South Korea to fall, resulting in Meng being disqualified from the final. Reutter repeated the same move in the final, bumping into Park, and later expressed remorse for both mistakes, stating "I think the room was there but maybe I just wasn't there. I don't know. But ... I messed up and messed up some people around me, which I'm very sorry for." In the heats of the 1000 m, Reutter set an Olympic record and finished first overall in the heats. About an hour and a half later, Reutter competed in the 3000 m relay (with Allison Baver, Alyson Dudek, Lana Gehring) and won bronze behind China and Canada due to the disqualification of South Korea. In the final of the 1000 m, Reutter was edged out for the gold medal by Wang Meng, finishing behind her 1:29.324 to 1:29.213.

2010 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships

At the 2010 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships, in Sofia, Bulgaria, Reutter, who was fighting the flu, won bronze medals in the 1000 m and the 3000 m relay. In her first event, the 1000 m, Reutter placed third with a time of 1:31.747, finishing behind Wang Meng and Cho Ha-Ri. Reutter then combined with Alyson Dudek, Kimberly Derrick, and Lana Gehring in the 3000 m relay to finish third behind South Korea and Canada with a time of 4:14.231. Reutter also placed 6th in the 500 m, 4th in the 1500 m, and 4th in the 3000 m.

2011 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships

At the 2011 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships in Sheffield, England, Reutter won one gold, two silvers, and one bronze. She finished second overall with 68 points. In her first event, the 1500 m, Reutter won the gold ahead of Koreans Park Seung-Hi and Cho Ha-Ri in a time of 2:33.978. In winning the gold, Reutter became the first American woman to win a gold medal at a World Short Track Speed Skating Championships since Bonnie Blair did in 1986. After the 1500 m, Reutter competed in the 3000 m relay semifinals but fell during the race, resulting in the United States not advancing to the final. In her next event, the 500 m, Reutter did not advance past the semifinals, finishing 6th overall. In the 1000 m, Reutter finished in third place behind Cho Ha-Ri and Italian Arianna Fontana in a time of 2:23.268 even though she tripped on a lane block. In her last event, the 3000 m, Reutter just missed the gold medal, finishing behind Cho Ha-Ri 5:13.677 to 5:13.353.

Appearances and endorsements

Reutter is sponsored by U.S. Speedskating, Verizon, EyeCare 20/20, Bioenergy Ribose, Nike, Oakley and the Champaign Police Department, who have helped pay the costs of her training in Utah.

A magazine advertisement of Reutter appeared in the December 2010 issue of ''Prepared Foods'' from Bioenergy Ribose congratulating Reutter on her two medals won at the 2010 Winter Olympics.

References

External links

Category:1988 births Category:American short track speed skaters Category:Living people Category:Olympic short track speed skaters of the United States Category:People from Champaign, Illinois Category:Short track speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:Olympic silver medalists for the United States Category:Olympic bronze medalists for the United States Category:Olympic medalists in short track speed skating

During high school, Melanie participated in gymnastics, but dislocated her shoulder. After reconstructive surgery, she slowly became interested in weightlifting. She started training in 1994 once meeting coach John Thrush at Calpian Weightlifting Club. By 1998 she was number one in the US, and set the world record, since bested, for the women's clean & jerk by lifting more than twice her weight, 113kg/250lbs. She is 5'2" and 117 lbs.

Three weeks before the US Olympic Trials in 2000, she herniated a disc in her back, and became an alternate. She then focused on starting a family with husband Dan Roach, who is currently serving his fourth term as a Republican in the Washington House of Representatives from the 31st District. Dan is the son of Pam Roach, who is serving her fifth term as a Washington State Senator. Melanie and Dan now have three children, one of whom was diagnosed with autism at the age of two; she is now a member of Athletes Against Autism. She then started training again in 2005, made it past the Olympic Trials, and into the 2008 Summer Olympics. There, she lifted 83 kg in the snatch, a new personal record, 110 kg in the clean & jerk, and a total of 193 kg, a new personal and American record. She placed 6th out of 9.

Roach is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

Weightlifting achievements

References

External links

Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:People from The Dalles, Oregon Category:American Latter Day Saints Category:American weightlifters Category:Olympic weightlifters of the United States Category:Weightlifters at the 2007 Pan American Games Category:Weightlifters at the 2008 Summer Olympics