Vassal

A vassal or feudatory is a person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain privileges, usually including the grant of land held as a fiefdom. The term can be applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies. In contrast, a fidelity, or fidelitas, was a sworn loyalty, subject to the king.

Western vassalage

In fully developed vassalage, the lord and the vassal would take part in a commendation ceremony composed of two parts, the homage and the fealty, including the use of Christian sacraments to show its sacred importance. According to Eginhard's brief description, the commendatio made to Pippin the Younger in 757 by Tassillo, Duke of Bavaria, involved the relics of Saints Denis, Rusticus, Éleuthère, Martin, and Germain – apparently assembled at Compiègne for the event. Such refinements were not included from the outset when it was time of crisis, war, hunger, etc.. Under feudalism, those who were weakest needed the protection of the knights who owned the weapons and knew how to fight. Feudal society was increasingly based on the concept of "lordship" (French seigneur), which was one of the distinguishing features of the Early Middle Ages and had evolved from times of Late Antiquity.

Aids (film)

Aids is a 1987 Indian Malayalam film, directed by VP Mohammed. The film stars Prathapachandran, MG Soman and Gomathi in lead roles.

Cast

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AIDS (Trojan horse)

AIDS, also known as Aids Info Disk or PC Cyborg Trojan, is a trojan horse that replaces the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, which would then be used by AIDS to count the number of times the computer has booted. Once this boot count reaches 90, AIDS hides directories and encrypts the names of all files on drive C: (rendering the system unusable), at which time the user is asked to 'renew the license' and contact PC Cyborg Corporation for payment (which would involve sending 189 US$ to a post office box in Panama). There exists more than one version of AIDS, and at least one version does not wait to munge drive C:, but will hide directories and encrypt file names upon the first boot after AIDS is installed. The AIDS software also presented to the user an end user license agreement, some of which read:

AIDS is considered to be an early example of a class of malware known as "ransomware".

History

AIDS was introduced into systems through a disk called the "AIDS Information Introductory Diskette", which had been mailed to a mailing list of which the AIDS author, Dr. Joseph Popp, subscribed.

Age (album)

Age is the sixth studio album by The Hidden Cameras.

The lead single "Gay Goth Scene" was released in July, 2013. ]The video for the single was directed by Kai Stänicke, who received the “Short Film Award for Human Rights” at San Marino International Film Festival awards, “Tadgell’s Bluebell Honor Award”, being named “Best Short Film About/For Youth” at the 16th Auburn International Film Festival for Children and Young Adults in Sydney, Australia, and best German short at the International Queer Film Festival Hamburg, Germany.

The cover art work is by Joel Gibb and Paul P. The interior drawing of Chelsea Manning is by G.B. Jones.

Track listing

References

Age 12

Age 12 (12歳。, 12-Sai.) is an ongoing Japanese slice of life romance shōjo manga series written and illustrated by Nao Maita. It began serialization in 2012 in Shogakukan's Ciao manga magazine and seven volumes have been published so far. It was adapted into an original video animation that was released in April 2014 and it was also adapted into a video game. An anime television series adaptation has been announced to air in April 2016.

Characters

Volumes

Reception

Volume 3 reached the 47th place on the weekly Oricon manga chart and, as of December 8, 2013, has sold 36,632 copies; volume 4 reached the 20th place and, as of July 13, 2014, has sold 53,162 copies; volume 5 reached the 38th place and, as of November 9, 2014, has sold 50,161 copies.

It was nominated for Best Children's Manga at the 38th Kodansha Manga Awards.

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Age of Empires II

Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings is a real-time strategy (RTS) video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft. Released in 1999 for the Microsoft Windows and Macintosh operating systems, it was the second game in the Age of Empires series. An expansion, The Conquerors, was released in 2000. A PlayStation 2 version was released by Konami in 2001, and a Nintendo DS spinoff, Age of Empires: The Age of Kings was developed by Backbone Entertainment in 2006. A Dreamcast port, by Konami, was canceled.

The Age of Kings is set in the Middle Ages and contains thirteen playable civilizations. Players aim to gather resources, which they use to build towns, create armies, and defeat their enemies. There are five historically based campaigns, which constrict the player to specialized and story-backed conditions. There are three additional single-player game modes, and multiplayer is supported. Despite using the same game engine and similar code to its predecessor, development of The Age of Kings took a year longer than expected, forcing Ensemble Studios to release Age of Empires: The Rise of Rome in 1998 instead. The design team focused on resolving significant issues in Age of Empires, but noted on release that some problems remained.

Frontline (band)

Frontline are a New Zealand hip hop music group formed in 2001.

History

The New Zealand hip hop group known as 'Frontline' is a two man hip hop team: Samoan-European MC David Dallas (also known as Con Psy) and producer and DJ Nick Maclaren DJ 41:30. Con Psy won the 2003 Auckland MC Battle For Supremacy and 41 has won the 2000 Auckland ITF Championships.

After meeting in 2001 in Auckland, the pair formed some tracks together & released a mixtape What You Expect?. During this time Maclaren produced tracks for the likes of the Deceptikonz, Mareko and more while Dallas completed a BSc in computing. Without any formal broadcasting or distribution, it sold over 1000 copies.

The duo hooked up with premier New Zealand DJ P Money (also known as Peter Wadams).He signed Frontline to his co-owned record label Dirty Records. He then offered Dallas' skills to Scribe's multi#1 single "Not Many-The Remix!" featured on Scribe's five times platinum album The Crusader.

In 2004, P-Money's second album Magic City saw three appearances by Dallas; "Get Up Slow", "Get Back" (also featuring Dirty Records labelmate PNC) & "321 Remix" (also featuring Skillz & PNC). He also appears on the Breakin Wreckwordz mixtapes Breakin Wreckwordz Vol 1. & Fuck Music, Sirvere's Major Flavours collective & Breakinwreck artist Louie Knuxx's album Wasted Youth. 41 produced PNC's mixtape Ohhhhh On The PNC Tip.