- published: 28 Sep 2012
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The Vulgate is a late 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. It was largely the work of St. Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to make a revision of the old Latin translations. By the 13th century this revision had come to be called the versio vulgata, that is, the "commonly used translation", and ultimately it became the definitive and officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible in the Roman Catholic Church. Its widespread adoption led to the eclipse of earlier Latin translations, which are collectively referred to as the Vetus Latina.
The Vulgate has a compound text that is not entirely the work of Jerome. Its components include:
Jerome did not embark on the work with the intention of creating a new version of the whole Bible, but the changing nature of his program can be tracked in his voluminous correspondence. He had been commissioned by Damasus I in 382 to revise the Old Latin text of the four Gospels from the best Greek texts, and by the time of Damasus' death in 384 he had thoroughly completed this task, together with a more cursory revision from the Greek Septuagint of the Old Latin text of the Psalms in the Roman Psalter which is now lost. How much of the rest of the New Testament he then revised is difficult to judge today, but little of his work survived in the Vulgate text.
Hail me as the foe
Of light and day alike-
Hail me as the scourge
Of Gods and men that strive
For order in this world-
All hail Loki, the melevolent!
"In darkness I plot and scheme,
With the fiends of the abyss...
One day I shall be back,
To show the Aesir the power of the One,
The power of Loki, the malevolent!"
Hail me as the enemy
Of Odin's shining reign-
Hail me as the Lord
Of the abomination of frost!
My name is Loki
Leader of the ravenous host!
My day shall come,
And it shall dawn red-
Dyed with the gore