Antivenom

Antivenin (or antivenom or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. Antivenom is created by milking venom from a relevant snake, spider, insect, or fish. The venom is then diluted and injected into a horse, sheep, rabbit, or goat. The subject animal will undergo an immune response to the venom, producing antibodies against the venom's active molecules which can then be harvested from the animal's blood and used to treat envenomation. Internationally, antivenoms must conform to the standards of pharmacopoeia and the World Health Organization (WHO).

It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

Medical uses

The principle of antivenom is based on that of vaccines, developed by Edward Jenner; however, instead of inducing immunity in the patient directly, it is induced in a host animal and the hyperimmunized serum is transfused into the patient.

Antivenoms can be classified into monovalent (when they are effective against a single species' venom) or polyvalent (when they are effective against a range of species, or several different species at the same time). The first antivenom for snakes (called an anti-ophidic serum) was developed by Albert Calmette, a French scientist of the Pasteur Institute working at its Indochine branch in 1895, against the Indian Cobra (Naja naja). In 1901, Vital Brazil, working at the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo, Brazil, developed the first monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms for Central and South American Crotalus and Bothrops genera, as well as for certain species of venomous spiders, scorpions, and frogs.

Marvel: Future Fight

Marvel: Future Fight is a 2015 superhero-themed video game.

Plot

In a near future, various dimensions start collapsing. In the future, a dying Nick Fury sends his robotic aid, Jocasta, to the player, with a message telling the player to get a group of heroes to restore the balance. After obtaining the heroes Captain America, Black Widow, and Iron Man, Ultron attacks Stark Tower. While fighting off the Ultrons, Jocasta remarks that something seems "off" about them, and the heroes see strange things, like a War Machine armor Iron Man didn't make, and a hostile Vision. Eventually, the Ultrons leave with not much visible damage, but Jocasta finds out that they kidnapped a Stark Industries employee, Jemma Simmons, who was studying alternate dimensions. The heroes rescue Jemma from AIM. Jemma tells them that they took her research in dimensions. Soon afterward, while trying to locate MODOK, the heroes encounter dimensional alternates of several heroes and villains, and realize that AIM has built a device to send people between dimensions. Eventually, the heroes take down MODOK. After that, SHIELD agents begin to be attacked on the streets by thugs with ISO-8 enhanced weapons, and supposedly secret S.H.I.E.L.D. bases are raided. After defeating Red Skull and Ultron, a large dimension transference device is opened and dimensions begin to collapse.