Panorama Wilna z góry zamkowej. Centrum miasta Wilna.Vilnius Panorama from the mountain of castle.The city center of Vilnius. Against the Soviet occupation Przed okupacją sowiecką Prieš sovietų okupaciją Województwo wileńskie miało obszar 29 109 km kw. i w 1931 roku jego ludność wynosiła 1 276 000, z czego 761 700 (59,7%) stanowili Polacy i tylko 65 761 Litwini. Polacy mieszkali na terenie całego województwa. Natomiast Litwini tylko na terenach przygranicznych, z większym wybrzuszeniem w głąb województwa na  terenie powiatu święciańskiego. I tak w powiecie wileńsko-trockim w 1931 roku mieszkały 214 472 osoby, z czego 180 546 było Polakami i 16 934 Litwinami; w powiecie święciańskim (na pn. od pow. wileńskiego) mieszkało 136 465 osób, z czego 68 441 było Polakami, a 42 993 Litwinami; w powiecie brasławskim wśród 143 161 mieszkańców było 93 958 Polaków i 3490 Litwinów, a w powiecie oszmiańskim wśród 104 612 mieszkańców było 84 951 Polaków i tylko 1562 Litwinów. W powiatach dziśnieńskim, mołodeckim, postawskim i wilejskim mieszkało łącznie zaledwie 280 Litwinów.  Tak więc Wilno było zdecydowanie miastem polskim, a Wileńszczyzna polską krainą. Pretensje litewskie do tych ziem były całkowicie nieuzasadnione – i to nie tylko pod względem etnicznym, ale także historycznym i kulturalnym. Against the Soviet occupation Przed okupacją sowiecką HISTORY OF THE CITY'' Old Polish city. After the Soviet occupation incorporated into Lithuania. Poles in the Vilnius are, the native peoples of these lands...............http://en.efhr.eu/2014/08/22/report-of-efhr-observance-of-human-rights-in-lithuania-for-years-2012-2013-in-a-nutshell/#more................ . After the Soviet occupation, the city renamed.Vilnius and the Vilnius region is a land which had once been the core of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, forming part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Vilnius region was inhabited by several nationalities, the dominant one (almost 70 percent) being the Poles. The Vilnius region was also inhabited by a small group of Belarusian, Lithuanians, Russians, Karaites and Tatars. Vilnius had a different national structure. It was inhabited mainly by the Polish population (more than 60 percent), but the second largest group consisted of the Jews (almost 34 percent). The Lithuanians represented less than 0.7 percent of the inhabitants of Vilnius. This determined the Polish character not only of the city but the entire Vilnius region, as Vilnius was inhabited mainly by almost one sixth of the residents of the region; it was there that public authorities, intellectual and political elites functioned. However, such a perception of the ethnicity of the area on the part of Poles- "the Polishness of the Vilnius region", aroused opposition of the nascent Lithuanian nation and state. At the beginning of World War II, Poland lost the defensive war in September 1939. Poland, attacked by two powerful neighbours . Adolf Hitler's Third Reich and Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union, was under occupation. In carrying out its long-term plans, in October 1939, the Soviet Union granted Vilnius to Lithuania together with part of the Vilnius region in return for access to bases located on its territory. The Lithuanians agreed, seeing it as the implementation of its multi-year political efforts. The land was officially incorporated into the Republic of Lithuania. Vilnius, Lithuanian nationalists killed about 100 thousand. people, among them - about 70 thousand. Vilnius. The police, prison service consisted of Lithuanians. They also make a list of exported works, most of which were Poles. Finally, helping the confiscation of Polish estates: and not only in Vilnius, Lithuania, but also ethnic. Cooperation between the Germans and Lithuanians, the genocide of hundreds of thousands of Polish people murdered residents Vilnius. Vilnius was founded at the expense of others who live there, plotting their story.Lithuania is the only country that much, "gained" from totalitarianism: and the Nazi and Soviet.In Vilnius, Lithuanians have gained more than lost: became the host city.All occupants of Lithuanians favored - especially in Vilnius. Colonizers and sojourners are Lithuanians came from the north after 1945 .LITHUANIA LAW, prohibits the use of ,their own language-Polish language.Lithuanian Polish rights are limited. Today, when Lithuania regained independence, the situation of the Polish minority was further aggravated. Poles persecuted for using their native language.Most of the surviving inhabitants left Vilnius, which had an obvious impact on the city's community and its traditions; what before a war was a Polish-Jewish city with a tiny Lithuanian minority was instantly Lithuanized, with Lithuanians becoming the new majority. Many of the remaining Poles were arrested, murdered or sent to gulags or to remote parts of Soviet empire.''Vilnius''

• published: 12 Aug 2014
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