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U.S. Special Forces and
ANSF raid, building clearing and
CQB at its best!
United States Special Operations Forces (
SOF) are components of the
Department of Defense's
United States Special Operations Command (
USSOCOM).
The U.S. military definition of
Special Operations Forces according to the Department of Defense Dictionary of
Military and Associated Terms is "Those
Active and
Reserve Component forces of the Military Services designated by the
Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called SOF". The definition in the
DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms references
Joint Publication 3-05.1 - Joint
Special Operations Task Force Operations (JP 3-05.1) as its source.
The United States Army Special Forces, known as the
Green Berets because of their distinctive service headgear, are a special operations force tasked with five primary missions: unconventional warfare (the original and most important mission of Special Forces), foreign internal defense, special reconnaissance, direct action, and counter-terrorism. The first two emphasize language, cultural, and training skills in working with foreign troops. Other duties include combat search and rescue (
CSAR), counter-narcotics, counter-proliferation, hostage rescue, humanitarian assistance, humanitarian demining, information operations, peacekeeping, psychological operations, security assistance, and manhunts; other components of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) or other
U.S. government activities may also specialize in these secondary areas. Many of their operational techniques are classified, but some nonfiction works and doctrinal manuals are available.
As special operations units, Special Forces are not necessarily under the command authority of the ground commanders in those countries.
Instead, while in theater, SF units may report directly to a geographic combatant command, USSOCOM, or other command authorities.
The Central Intelligence Agency's (
CIA) highly secretive
Special Activities Division (
SAD) and more specifically its
Special Operations Group (
SOG) recruits from the
Army's Special Forces. Joint CIA-Army Special Forces operations go back to the
MACV-SOG branch during the
Vietnam War. The cooperation still exists today and is seen in the
War in Afghanistan.
The Afghan Armed Forces are the military forces of the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. They consist of the
Afghan National Army and the
Afghan Air Force. Being a landlocked country,
Afghanistan has no navy.
The President of Afghanistan is the Commander-in-Chief of the military, acting through the
Ministry of Defense.
The National Military
Command Center in
Kabul serves as the headquarters of the
Afghan armed forces.
The military of Afghanistan currently has around
200,
000 active soldiers, which are expected to reach 260,000 in the coming years.
The current
Afghan military originates in 1709 when the
Hotaki dynasty was established in
Kandahar followed by the
Durrani Empire. The Afghan armed forces fought many wars with the
Safavid dynasty and
Maratha Empire from the
18th to the
19th century. It was re-organized by the
British in
1880, when the country was ruled by
Amir Abdur Rahman Khan. It was modernized during
King Amanullah Khan's rule in the early
20th century, and upgraded during
King Zahir Shah's forty-year rule. From 1978 to
1992, the Soviet-backed
Afghan army fought with multi-national mujahideen groups who were being funded by the
United States and
Saudi Arabia while trained by the
Pakistani Armed Forces. After
President Najibullah's resignation in 1992 and the end of
Soviet support, the military dissolved into portions controlled by different warlord factions and the mujahideen took control over the government. This era was followed by the rise of the Pakistan-backed
Taliban regime, who established a military force on the basis of Islamic sharia law.
After the removal of the Taliban and the formation of the
Karzai administration in late
2001, the military of Afghanistan was gradually rebuilt by
NATO, mainly by the
United States Armed Forces.
Despite early problems with recruitment and training, it is becoming effective in fighting against the
Taliban insurgency.
As of 2014, it is becoming able to operate independently from the US-led
International Security Assistance Force. As a major non-NATO ally, Afghanistan continues to receive billions of dollars in military assistance from NATO, mainly from the United States.
- published: 31 Oct 2015
- views: 1856