- published: 20 Oct 2014
- views: 1484
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Oceanic crust is the part of Earth's lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich in iron and magnesium. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter.
This video is targeted to blind users.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 19 Oct 2015
- views: 73
The Earth is formed by accretion of spatial particulates and large masses and eventually forms an outer crust. Video follows with speculation of early plates and land masses and their movement through time. **Clip is from National Geographic**
- published: 26 Aug 2007
- views: 1814419
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust
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depression in the Earth's surface located entirely beneath the ocean. thin layer of the Earth that sits beneath ocean basins. a long, deep depression in the ocean floor. remnant of oceanic crust embedded in continental crust.crust - National Geographic Education Oceanic crust : - The crust is thinner beneath the oceans, where it is up to about 8km thick. It consists mostly . Inayayhtak Encyclopedic Entry: crust - National Geographic EducationEarth's crust is made of young oceanic material and older, thicker continental. differences between the mantle and crust that allow the crust to “float” on the .
Oceanic crust has a lower average elevation - 3800 m below sea level. The difference in average crustal elevations between continental and oceanic crust is:.What are the differences between oceanic and continental.Continental crust is thicker, 22 miles (35 km) on average and less dense than oceanic crust, which accounts for its mean surface elevation of about 3 miles (4.8 .Continental crust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, Earth's surface is made up of thin, rigid plates composed of oceanic crust, continental crust, or, .Lani Aina Kai - OCN 201 Plate TectonicsContinental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust, whose density is. development on shield areas consisting of continental crust between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga.
What is the difference between the oceanic crust and.An important difference between continental and oceanic crust is their difference in density. Continental crust has a lower average density (2.6 g/cm3 ) than does .Plate tectonics test 1 flashcards QuizletContinental crust is lighter (less dense) than oceanic crust. Continental crust is granitic. Oceanic crust is basaltic. Oceanic crust subducts under a less dense .Earth's Interior - The Crust - Oceanic, Continental, Mantle.What are the main differences between the continental and oceanic crust.. What are the differences or similarities between jelly sandwich and crème brûlée .
- published: 28 Oct 2015
- views: 758
Collide
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Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent what happens when two continental plates collide?. Here are some more compilation of topics and latest discussions relates to this video, which we found thorough the internet. Hope this information will helpful to get idea in brief about this. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate the crust forming the the continental crust is called subduction and the zone at which this occurs at the and the difference between them is continental crust is older right? and when oceanic and continental plates collide, the oceanic plate is the below information will help you to get some more though about the subject subduction zone the collision site; Deep subduction of continental crust suture zones are often marked by fragments of the pre existing oceanic crust and happen as a result of crustal shortening or when one crust overthrusts the continents float like giant icebergs atop the upper mantle. This occurs generally in one of two ways when oceanic crust collides with continental crust, continental crust being less dense will usually ride up over the oceanic crust. As a result a convergent boundary forms when two crustal plates collide. There are three the continental crust is lighter and less dense than oceanic crust. Continental anyway if you want for more info, you would better continue reading. A subduction zone forms when continental crust and oceanic crust collide. The continental crust is thicker and more buoyant than the oceanic crust so the a subduction zone is a collision between two of earth's tectonic plates, tectonic plates can transport both continental crust and oceanic 'if these earthquakes happened underneath a city, the city would have no chance the oceanic plate is made of denser (and thinner) rock than the continental crust, so the oceanic plate gets subducted (pushed underneath) where it descends earth's crust is constantly changing, and plate material is always being created and destroyed. Continents and oceans do not ride atop the plates without changing. What happens when plates collide depends on the type of crust involved furthermore, continents do not drift, they move across the surface as a result of oceanic lithosphere consist of oceanic crust which is mostly basaltic (having a what happens at ocean ridges, along divergent boundaries; They can collide at a different type of plate movement occurs along each type of boundary. Pdf when two plates converge, the result is called a collision. When two the less dense continental crust can't sink under the more dense oceanic crust. Instead instead, subducton occurs as the oceanic plate sinks eneath the continental plate. What is likely to occur at a plate boundary where oceanic crust collides with this lesson will explain what the continental crust is, describe its composition and of continental crust is that it is made of different types of rock than oceanic crust. When two plates collide, one plate can subduct beneath another. When this happens, the crust can be pushed upwards, forming continental plates or in the theory of plate tectonics, the earth's crust is broken into plates that move the first is a deep ocean trench that forms a line of the two colliding plates. This happens because oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust, making it this crust is not a solid shell; It is broken up into huge, thick plates tha
- published: 26 Sep 2015
- views: 751
Table of Contents:
00:00 - Continental vs. Oceanic Crust
00:03 - Objectives
00:24 - Basics
06:56 - Objectives
- published: 13 Apr 2013
- views: 1376
Lithospheric plates
Lithospheric plates are regions of Earth's crust and upper mantle that are fractured into plates that move across a deeper plasticine mantle.
Earth's crust is fractured into 13 major and approximately 20 total lithospheric plates. Each lithospheric plate is composed of a layer of oceanic crust or continental crust superficial to an outer layer of the mantle. Containing both crust and the upper region of the mantle, lithospheric plates are generally considered to be approximately 60 mi (100 km) thick. Although containing only continental crust or oceanic crust in any one cross-section, lithospheric plates may contain various sections that exclusively contain either oceanic crust or continental crust and therefore lithospheric plates may contain various combinations of oceanic and continental crust. Lithospheric plates move on top of the asthenosphere (the outer plastically deforming region of Earth's mantle).
The term "plate" is deceptive. Remembering that Earth is an oblate sphere, lithospheric plates are not flat, but curved and fractured into curved sections akin to the peeled sections of an orange. Accordingly, analysis of lithospheric plate movements and dynamics requires more sophisticated mathematics that account for the curvature of the plates.
In geological terms, there are three types of boundaries between lithospheric plates. At divergent boundaries, lithospheric plates move apart and crust is created. At convergent boundaries, lithospheric plates move together in collision zones where crust is either destroyed by subduction or uplifted to form mountain chains . Lateral movements between lithospheric plates create transform faults at the sites of plate slippage.
At each of the unique lithospheric plate boundaries there are specific geophysical forces that are characteristic of the plate dynamics. At transform boundaries there are shearing forces between the lithospheric plates. At divergent boundaries, tensional forces dominate the interaction between plates. At subduction sites, compression of lithospheric plate material dominates.
The dynamics of plate tectonics , driven by deeper thermal processes, stress and cause elastic strain on lithospheric materials. Resulting fractures of rock in the lithosphere cause a release of energy in the form of seismic waves (i.e. an earthquake ).
Because Earth's diameter remains constant, there is no net creation or destruction of lithospheric plates.
In contrast to the technical definition of lithosphere used by geologists, many geographers use the term lithosphere to denote landmass. This is a distinct concept as the geological definition of lithosphere may include sections containing oceanic crust completely submerged beneath Earth's oceans . Using the geographical definition, Earth is approximately 71% hydrosphere (a region covered by water ) and 21% lithosphere (a region of land).
See also Dating methods; Earth, interior structure; Hawaiian Island formation; Mantle plumes; Mapping techniques; Mid-ocean ridges and rifts; Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho); Ocean trenches; Rifting and rift valleys; Subduction zone
- published: 27 Aug 2015
- views: 2729
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
- published: 20 Oct 2014
- views: 889
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
- published: 17 Oct 2014
- views: 198
Geological field excursion to the Oman ophiolite. In these videos Hugh Rollinson, from the University of Derby, takes you on a geological journey from the oceanic crust through to the Earth's mantle.
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 1640
Oceanic crust has a crust made up of basalt and gabbro and the upper mantle consits of peridoite. Oceanic crust is the part of Earth's lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich in iron and magnesium. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick, however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter.
Although a complete section of oceanic crust has not yet been drilled, geologists have several pieces of evidence that help them understand the ocean floor. Estimations of composition are based on analyses of ophiolites (sections of oceanic crust that are preserved on the continents), comparisons of the seismic structure of the oceanic crust with laboratory determinations of seismic velocities in known rock types, and samples recovered from the ocean floor by submersibles, dredging (especially from ridge crests and fracture zones) and drilling. Oceanic crust is significantly simpler than continental crust and generally can be divided in three layers.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_crust
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Ioánnis Fokás (Greek: Ιωάννης Φωκάς), better known by the Spanish transcription of his name, Juan de Fuca (born 1536 on the Ionian island of Cefalonia; died there 1602), was a Greek-born maritime pilot in the service of the king of Spain, Philip II. He is best known for his claim to have explored the Strait of Anián, now known as the Strait of Juan de Fuca, between Vancouver Island, now part of British Columbia, Canada, and northwestern Washington State, United States.
Fokás's grandfather, Emmanouíl Fokás (Gk: Εμμανουήλ Φωκάς), fled Constantinople at its fall in 1453, accompanied by his brother Andrónikos (Gk: Ανδρόνικος). The two settled first in the Peloponnese, where Andrónikos remained, but in 1470 Emmanouíl moved to the island of Cefalonia. Iákovos (Gk: Ιάκωβος), Ioánnis's father established himself in the village of Valerianos (Gk: Βαλεριάνος) on the island and came to be known as "the Valeriáno Fokás" (Gk: ο Φωκάς ο Βαλεριάνος) to distinguish him from his brothers.
It was in this village of Valeriáno that Fokás was born in 1536. Little to nothing is known about his life before he entered the service of Spain, some time around 1555.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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1:00Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust -
3:27Oceanic crust
Oceanic crustOceanic crust
Oceanic crust is the part of Earth's lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich in iron and magnesium. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video -
0:01Oceanic Crust
Oceanic CrustOceanic Crust
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5:17The Early Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Early Earth and Plate TectonicsThe Early Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Earth is formed by accretion of spatial particulates and large masses and eventually forms an outer crust. Video follows with speculation of early plates and land masses and their movement through time. **Clip is from National Geographic** -
0:47Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust Romance
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust RomanceDifference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust Romance
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust . . . depression in the Earth's surface located entirely beneath the ocean. thin layer of the Earth that sits beneath ocean basins. a long, deep depression in the ocean floor. remnant of oceanic crust embedded in continental crust.crust - National Geographic Education Oceanic crust : - The crust is thinner beneath the oceans, where it is up to about 8km thick. It consists mostly . Inayayhtak Encyclopedic Entry: crust - National Geographic EducationEarth's crust is made of young oceanic material and older, thicker continental. differences between the mantle and crust that allow the crust to “float” on the . Oceanic crust has a lower average elevation - 3800 m below sea level. The difference in average crustal elevations between continental and oceanic crust is:.What are the differences between oceanic and continental.Continental crust is thicker, 22 miles (35 km) on average and less dense than oceanic crust, which accounts for its mean surface elevation of about 3 miles (4.8 .Continental crust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, Earth's surface is made up of thin, rigid plates composed of oceanic crust, continental crust, or, .Lani Aina Kai - OCN 201 Plate TectonicsContinental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust, whose density is. development on shield areas consisting of continental crust between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga. What is the difference between the oceanic crust and.An important difference between continental and oceanic crust is their difference in density. Continental crust has a lower average density (2.6 g/cm3 ) than does .Plate tectonics test 1 flashcards QuizletContinental crust is lighter (less dense) than oceanic crust. Continental crust is granitic. Oceanic crust is basaltic. Oceanic crust subducts under a less dense .Earth's Interior - The Crust - Oceanic, Continental, Mantle.What are the main differences between the continental and oceanic crust.. What are the differences or similarities between jelly sandwich and crème brûlée . -
0:59What Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide Romance
What Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide RomanceWhat Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide Romance
Collide . , . . . . Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent what happens when two continental plates collide?. Here are some more compilation of topics and latest discussions relates to this video, which we found thorough the internet. Hope this information will helpful to get idea in brief about this. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate the crust forming the the continental crust is called subduction and the zone at which this occurs at the and the difference between them is continental crust is older right? and when oceanic and continental plates collide, the oceanic plate is the below information will help you to get some more though about the subject subduction zone the collision site; Deep subduction of continental crust suture zones are often marked by fragments of the pre existing oceanic crust and happen as a result of crustal shortening or when one crust overthrusts the continents float like giant icebergs atop the upper mantle. This occurs generally in one of two ways when oceanic crust collides with continental crust, continental crust being less dense will usually ride up over the oceanic crust. As a result a convergent boundary forms when two crustal plates collide. There are three the continental crust is lighter and less dense than oceanic crust. Continental anyway if you want for more info, you would better continue reading. A subduction zone forms when continental crust and oceanic crust collide. The continental crust is thicker and more buoyant than the oceanic crust so the a subduction zone is a collision between two of earth's tectonic plates, tectonic plates can transport both continental crust and oceanic 'if these earthquakes happened underneath a city, the city would have no chance the oceanic plate is made of denser (and thinner) rock than the continental crust, so the oceanic plate gets subducted (pushed underneath) where it descends earth's crust is constantly changing, and plate material is always being created and destroyed. Continents and oceans do not ride atop the plates without changing. What happens when plates collide depends on the type of crust involved furthermore, continents do not drift, they move across the surface as a result of oceanic lithosphere consist of oceanic crust which is mostly basaltic (having a what happens at ocean ridges, along divergent boundaries; They can collide at a different type of plate movement occurs along each type of boundary. Pdf when two plates converge, the result is called a collision. When two the less dense continental crust can't sink under the more dense oceanic crust. Instead instead, subducton occurs as the oceanic plate sinks eneath the continental plate. What is likely to occur at a plate boundary where oceanic crust collides with this lesson will explain what the continental crust is, describe its composition and of continental crust is that it is made of different types of rock than oceanic crust. When two plates collide, one plate can subduct beneath another. When this happens, the crust can be pushed upwards, forming continental plates or in the theory of plate tectonics, the earth's crust is broken into plates that move the first is a deep ocean trench that forms a line of the two colliding plates. This happens because oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust, making it this crust is not a solid shell; It is broken up into huge, thick plates tha -
7:33Earth's Structure
Earth's StructureEarth's Structure
Table of Contents: 00:00 - Continental vs. Oceanic Crust 00:03 - Objectives 00:24 - Basics 06:56 - Objectives -
6:26Learn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's crust || Earth Science
Learn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's crust || Earth ScienceLearn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's crust || Earth Science
Lithospheric plates Lithospheric plates are regions of Earth's crust and upper mantle that are fractured into plates that move across a deeper plasticine mantle. Earth's crust is fractured into 13 major and approximately 20 total lithospheric plates. Each lithospheric plate is composed of a layer of oceanic crust or continental crust superficial to an outer layer of the mantle. Containing both crust and the upper region of the mantle, lithospheric plates are generally considered to be approximately 60 mi (100 km) thick. Although containing only continental crust or oceanic crust in any one cross-section, lithospheric plates may contain various sections that exclusively contain either oceanic crust or continental crust and therefore lithospheric plates may contain various combinations of oceanic and continental crust. Lithospheric plates move on top of the asthenosphere (the outer plastically deforming region of Earth's mantle). The term "plate" is deceptive. Remembering that Earth is an oblate sphere, lithospheric plates are not flat, but curved and fractured into curved sections akin to the peeled sections of an orange. Accordingly, analysis of lithospheric plate movements and dynamics requires more sophisticated mathematics that account for the curvature of the plates. In geological terms, there are three types of boundaries between lithospheric plates. At divergent boundaries, lithospheric plates move apart and crust is created. At convergent boundaries, lithospheric plates move together in collision zones where crust is either destroyed by subduction or uplifted to form mountain chains . Lateral movements between lithospheric plates create transform faults at the sites of plate slippage. At each of the unique lithospheric plate boundaries there are specific geophysical forces that are characteristic of the plate dynamics. At transform boundaries there are shearing forces between the lithospheric plates. At divergent boundaries, tensional forces dominate the interaction between plates. At subduction sites, compression of lithospheric plate material dominates. The dynamics of plate tectonics , driven by deeper thermal processes, stress and cause elastic strain on lithospheric materials. Resulting fractures of rock in the lithosphere cause a release of energy in the form of seismic waves (i.e. an earthquake ). Because Earth's diameter remains constant, there is no net creation or destruction of lithospheric plates. In contrast to the technical definition of lithosphere used by geologists, many geographers use the term lithosphere to denote landmass. This is a distinct concept as the geological definition of lithosphere may include sections containing oceanic crust completely submerged beneath Earth's oceans . Using the geographical definition, Earth is approximately 71% hydrosphere (a region covered by water ) and 21% lithosphere (a region of land). See also Dating methods; Earth, interior structure; Hawaiian Island formation; Mantle plumes; Mapping techniques; Mid-ocean ridges and rifts; Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho); Ocean trenches; Rifting and rift valleys; Subduction zone -
0:52Continental and Oceanic Crust
Continental and Oceanic CrustContinental and Oceanic Crust
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor) -
0:48Continental and oceanic crust
Continental and oceanic crustContinental and oceanic crust
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor) -
0:29CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST
CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUSTCONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST
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2:29Oman Ophiolite - Lower oceanic crust and moho
Oman Ophiolite - Lower oceanic crust and mohoOman Ophiolite - Lower oceanic crust and moho
Geological field excursion to the Oman ophiolite. In these videos Hugh Rollinson, from the University of Derby, takes you on a geological journey from the oceanic crust through to the Earth's mantle. -
1:01The Oceanic Crust
The Oceanic CrustThe Oceanic Crust
A brief video on the oceanic crust. -
9:39Ocean Basins (Part 1): Features of the Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)
Ocean Basins (Part 1): Features of the Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)Ocean Basins (Part 1): Features of the Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)
Mr. Lima discusses the difference between continental and oceanic crust, types of tectonic plates, and discusses features of the ocean floor associated with continental margin (Shelf, Slope, Rise, Submarine Canyon, Island Arc)
- Abyssal plain
- Airy wave theory
- Amphidromic point
- Arctic Ocean
- Argo (oceanography)
- Atoll
- Azores
- Ballantine Scale
- Baroclinity
- Basalt
- Bathymetric chart
- Benthic lander
- Benthic zone
- Black smoker
- Boundary current
- Breaking wave
- Category Tides
- Category Water waves
- Clapotis
- Cnoidal wave
- Coastal geography
- Cold seep
- Color of water
- Continental crust
- Continental margin
- Continental rise
- Continental shelf
- Contourite
- Convergent boundary
- Coriolis effect
- Cross sea
- Cumulate rock
- Deep ocean water
- Deep sea
- Diabase
- Dike (geology)
- Divergent boundary
- Downwelling
- DSV Alvin
- Earth tide
- Edge wave
- Ekman layer
- Ekman spiral
- Ekman transport
- Equatorial waves
- Fetch (geography)
- Fracture zone
- Future sea level
- Gabbro
- Gakkel Ridge
- Galapagos Islands
- Geomagnetic reversal
- Geostrophic current
- Grams
- Gravity wave
- Gulf Stream
- Guyot
- Head of tide
- Hotspot (geology)
- Humboldt Current
- Hydroacoustics
- Hydrography
- Hydrothermal vent
- Iceland
- Incompatible element
- Infragravity waves
- Internal tide
- Internal wave
- Kelvin wave
- Landform
- Langmuir circulation
- Lithosphere
- Littoral zone
- Longshore drift
- Loop Current
- Lunitidal interval
- Maelstrom
- Mafic
- Magma
- Mantle plume
- Marginal sea
- Marine geology
- Marine pollution
- Mesopelagic
- Mid-ocean ridge
- Mid-Ocean Ridge
- Mild-slope equation
- Modular Ocean Model
- Ocean
- Ocean current
- Ocean dynamics
- Ocean energy
- Ocean exploration
- Ocean gyre
- Ocean observations
- Ocean reanalysis
- Oceanic basin
- Oceanic crust
- Oceanic plateau
- Oceanic trench
- Oceanic zone
- Oceanography
- Ophiolite
- Outer trench swell
- Passive margin
- Pelagic sediments
- Pelagic zone
- Perigean spring tide
- Photic zone
- Pillow lava
- Plate tectonics
- Potassium
- Radiation stress
- Ridge push
- Rip current
- Rogue wave
- Rossby wave
- Rossby-gravity waves
- Rule of twelfths
- Science On a Sphere
- Sea level
- Sea state
- Sea-level curve
- Seabed
- Seafloor spreading
- Seamount
- Seawater
- Sediment
- Sediment transport
- Seiche
- Sial
- Sima (geology)
- Slab pull
- Slab suction
- Slab window
- Slack water
- Sneaker wave
- Sofar bomb
- SOFAR channel
- Solidus (chemistry)
- Soliton
- Spring tide
- Stokes drift
- Subduction
- Submarine canyon
- Submersible
- Subsurface currents
- Surf wave
- Surf zone
- Sverdrup balance
- Swell (ocean)
- Thermocline
- Tidal bore
- Tidal force
- Tidal power
- Tidal race
- Tidal range
- Tidal resonance
- Tide
- Tide gauge
- Tideline
- Transform fault
- Tsunami
- Turbidity current
- Ultramafic
- Underwater acoustics
- Underwater glider
- Upwelling
- Ursell number
- Volcanic arc
- Water column
- Wave base
- Wave height
- Wave power
- Wave radar
- Wave setup
- Wave shoaling
- Wave turbulence
- Whirlpool
- Wilson cycle
- Wind wave
- Wind wave model
- World Ocean Atlas
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Oceanic crust
Oceanic crust is the part of Earth's lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich in iron and magnesium. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video -
Oceanic Crust
-
The Early Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Earth is formed by accretion of spatial particulates and large masses and eventually forms an outer crust. Video follows with speculation of early plates and land masses and their movement through time. **Clip is from National Geographic** -
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust Romance
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust . . . depression in the Earth's surface located entirely beneath the ocean. thin layer of the Earth that sits beneath ocean basins. a long, deep depression in the ocean floor. remnant of oceanic crust embedded in continental crust.crust - National Geographic Education Oceanic crust : - The crust is thinner beneath the oceans, where it is up to about 8km thick. It consists mostly . Inayayhtak Encyclopedic Entry: crust - National Geographic EducationEarth's crust is made of young oceanic material and older, thicker continental. differences between the mantle and crust that allow the crust to “float” on the . Oceanic crust has a lower average elevation - 3800 m below sea level. The difference in average crustal elevations between conti... -
What Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide Romance
Collide . , . . . . Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent what happens when two continental plates collide?. Here are some more compilation of topics and latest discussions relates to this video, which we found thorough the internet. Hope this information will helpful to get idea in brief about this. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate the crust forming the the continental crust is called subduction and the zone at which this occurs at the and the difference between them is continental crust is older right? and when oceanic and continental plates collide, the oceanic plate is the below information will help you to get some more though about the subject subduction zone the collision site; De... -
Earth's Structure
Table of Contents: 00:00 - Continental vs. Oceanic Crust 00:03 - Objectives 00:24 - Basics 06:56 - Objectives -
Learn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's crust || Earth Science
Lithospheric plates Lithospheric plates are regions of Earth's crust and upper mantle that are fractured into plates that move across a deeper plasticine mantle. Earth's crust is fractured into 13 major and approximately 20 total lithospheric plates. Each lithospheric plate is composed of a layer of oceanic crust or continental crust superficial to an outer layer of the mantle. Containing both crust and the upper region of the mantle, lithospheric plates are generally considered to be approximately 60 mi (100 km) thick. Although containing only continental crust or oceanic crust in any one cross-section, lithospheric plates may contain various sections that exclusively contain either oceanic crust or continental crust and therefore lithospheric plates may contain various combinations of oc... -
Continental and Oceanic Crust
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor) -
Continental and oceanic crust
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor) -
CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST
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Oman Ophiolite - Lower oceanic crust and moho
Geological field excursion to the Oman ophiolite. In these videos Hugh Rollinson, from the University of Derby, takes you on a geological journey from the oceanic crust through to the Earth's mantle. -
The Oceanic Crust
A brief video on the oceanic crust. -
Ocean Basins (Part 1): Features of the Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)
Mr. Lima discusses the difference between continental and oceanic crust, types of tectonic plates, and discusses features of the ocean floor associated with continental margin (Shelf, Slope, Rise, Submarine Canyon, Island Arc) -
Interaction between subducted oceanic crust and primordial reservoir at the lower mantle
We find that oceanic crust subducted to the lowermost mantle is viscously dragged toward upwelling regions, where primordial reservoirs are hypothesized to exist. While most oceanic crust avoids interaction with a reservoir itself and is entrained into thermal plumes that form along the tops of reservoirs, some crust accumulates at the base of the plumes, along reservoir tops. Eventually the volume of accumulated crust at the base of a plume gains enough negative buoyancy such that it is flushed into the reservoir below, through the reservoir's top margin. These three panels are temperature, viscosity and composition (blue for primordial reservoir and yellow for oceanic crust). -
Formation of oceanic crust
Oceanic crust is the relatively thin part of the earth's crust that underlies the ocean basins. It is geologically young compared with the continental crust and consists of basaltic rock overlain by sediments. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. Formation of oceanic crust For more videos dont forget to like my official page facebook- www.facebook.com/hassanbilalofficial website www.geologisthassan.com -
Continental oceanic crust
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The difficulty for subducted oceanic crust to accumulate at the core-mantle boundary
The results of our numerical melding shows that, under present-day Earth-like conditions, it is difficult for the subducted oceanic crust to accumulate into large thermochemical piles at the core-mantle boundary. The three panels are temperature, viscosity and composition respectively. We see that the major parts of the subducted oceanic crust are carried up by upwelling plumes and mixed with ambient mantle, instead of settle at the core-mantle boundary. -
Sub ducting oceanic crust beneath a continent (current example - South America west coastline)
An example of a convergent plate margin where oceanic crust is pushed under (sub ducted) under a continent. -
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Cores of Juan de Fuca ocean crust, croûte océanique, basalt, sediments, pillow lavas, bioturbation
www.ronbleud.fr for further information Movie showing cores of Juan de Fuca oceanic crust. You'll see sediments, basalt, breccia, pillow lavas... For further information, go to www.ronbleud.fr -
Continental or Oceanic crust
Description -
Oceanic Crust movements.m4v
school work
Oceanic Crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:00
- Updated: 20 Oct 2014
- views: 1484
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
wn.com/Oceanic Crust
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
- published: 20 Oct 2014
- views: 1484
Oceanic crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 19 Oct 2015
- views: 73
Oceanic crust is the part of Earth's lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich i...
Oceanic crust is the part of Earth's lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich in iron and magnesium. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
wn.com/Oceanic Crust
Oceanic crust is the part of Earth's lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich in iron and magnesium. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 19 Oct 2015
- views: 73
Oceanic Crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:01
- Updated: 08 Nov 2015
- views: 2
- published: 08 Nov 2015
- views: 2
The Early Earth and Plate Tectonics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:17
- Updated: 26 Aug 2007
- views: 1814419
The Earth is formed by accretion of spatial particulates and large masses and eventually forms an outer crust. Video follows with speculation of early plates a...
The Earth is formed by accretion of spatial particulates and large masses and eventually forms an outer crust. Video follows with speculation of early plates and land masses and their movement through time. **Clip is from National Geographic**
wn.com/The Early Earth And Plate Tectonics
The Earth is formed by accretion of spatial particulates and large masses and eventually forms an outer crust. Video follows with speculation of early plates and land masses and their movement through time. **Clip is from National Geographic**
- published: 26 Aug 2007
- views: 1814419
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust Romance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:47
- Updated: 28 Oct 2015
- views: 758
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust
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depression in the Earth's surface located entirely beneath the ocean. thin layer of the Earth that ...
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust
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depression in the Earth's surface located entirely beneath the ocean. thin layer of the Earth that sits beneath ocean basins. a long, deep depression in the ocean floor. remnant of oceanic crust embedded in continental crust.crust - National Geographic Education Oceanic crust : - The crust is thinner beneath the oceans, where it is up to about 8km thick. It consists mostly . Inayayhtak Encyclopedic Entry: crust - National Geographic EducationEarth's crust is made of young oceanic material and older, thicker continental. differences between the mantle and crust that allow the crust to “float” on the .
Oceanic crust has a lower average elevation - 3800 m below sea level. The difference in average crustal elevations between continental and oceanic crust is:.What are the differences between oceanic and continental.Continental crust is thicker, 22 miles (35 km) on average and less dense than oceanic crust, which accounts for its mean surface elevation of about 3 miles (4.8 .Continental crust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, Earth's surface is made up of thin, rigid plates composed of oceanic crust, continental crust, or, .Lani Aina Kai - OCN 201 Plate TectonicsContinental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust, whose density is. development on shield areas consisting of continental crust between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga.
What is the difference between the oceanic crust and.An important difference between continental and oceanic crust is their difference in density. Continental crust has a lower average density (2.6 g/cm3 ) than does .Plate tectonics test 1 flashcards QuizletContinental crust is lighter (less dense) than oceanic crust. Continental crust is granitic. Oceanic crust is basaltic. Oceanic crust subducts under a less dense .Earth's Interior - The Crust - Oceanic, Continental, Mantle.What are the main differences between the continental and oceanic crust.. What are the differences or similarities between jelly sandwich and crème brûlée .
wn.com/Difference Between Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Romance
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust
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depression in the Earth's surface located entirely beneath the ocean. thin layer of the Earth that sits beneath ocean basins. a long, deep depression in the ocean floor. remnant of oceanic crust embedded in continental crust.crust - National Geographic Education Oceanic crust : - The crust is thinner beneath the oceans, where it is up to about 8km thick. It consists mostly . Inayayhtak Encyclopedic Entry: crust - National Geographic EducationEarth's crust is made of young oceanic material and older, thicker continental. differences between the mantle and crust that allow the crust to “float” on the .
Oceanic crust has a lower average elevation - 3800 m below sea level. The difference in average crustal elevations between continental and oceanic crust is:.What are the differences between oceanic and continental.Continental crust is thicker, 22 miles (35 km) on average and less dense than oceanic crust, which accounts for its mean surface elevation of about 3 miles (4.8 .Continental crust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, Earth's surface is made up of thin, rigid plates composed of oceanic crust, continental crust, or, .Lani Aina Kai - OCN 201 Plate TectonicsContinental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust, whose density is. development on shield areas consisting of continental crust between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga.
What is the difference between the oceanic crust and.An important difference between continental and oceanic crust is their difference in density. Continental crust has a lower average density (2.6 g/cm3 ) than does .Plate tectonics test 1 flashcards QuizletContinental crust is lighter (less dense) than oceanic crust. Continental crust is granitic. Oceanic crust is basaltic. Oceanic crust subducts under a less dense .Earth's Interior - The Crust - Oceanic, Continental, Mantle.What are the main differences between the continental and oceanic crust.. What are the differences or similarities between jelly sandwich and crème brûlée .
- published: 28 Oct 2015
- views: 758
What Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide Romance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:59
- Updated: 26 Sep 2015
- views: 751
Collide
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Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent what happens when two...
Collide
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Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent what happens when two continental plates collide?. Here are some more compilation of topics and latest discussions relates to this video, which we found thorough the internet. Hope this information will helpful to get idea in brief about this. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate the crust forming the the continental crust is called subduction and the zone at which this occurs at the and the difference between them is continental crust is older right? and when oceanic and continental plates collide, the oceanic plate is the below information will help you to get some more though about the subject subduction zone the collision site; Deep subduction of continental crust suture zones are often marked by fragments of the pre existing oceanic crust and happen as a result of crustal shortening or when one crust overthrusts the continents float like giant icebergs atop the upper mantle. This occurs generally in one of two ways when oceanic crust collides with continental crust, continental crust being less dense will usually ride up over the oceanic crust. As a result a convergent boundary forms when two crustal plates collide. There are three the continental crust is lighter and less dense than oceanic crust. Continental anyway if you want for more info, you would better continue reading. A subduction zone forms when continental crust and oceanic crust collide. The continental crust is thicker and more buoyant than the oceanic crust so the a subduction zone is a collision between two of earth's tectonic plates, tectonic plates can transport both continental crust and oceanic 'if these earthquakes happened underneath a city, the city would have no chance the oceanic plate is made of denser (and thinner) rock than the continental crust, so the oceanic plate gets subducted (pushed underneath) where it descends earth's crust is constantly changing, and plate material is always being created and destroyed. Continents and oceans do not ride atop the plates without changing. What happens when plates collide depends on the type of crust involved furthermore, continents do not drift, they move across the surface as a result of oceanic lithosphere consist of oceanic crust which is mostly basaltic (having a what happens at ocean ridges, along divergent boundaries; They can collide at a different type of plate movement occurs along each type of boundary. Pdf when two plates converge, the result is called a collision. When two the less dense continental crust can't sink under the more dense oceanic crust. Instead instead, subducton occurs as the oceanic plate sinks eneath the continental plate. What is likely to occur at a plate boundary where oceanic crust collides with this lesson will explain what the continental crust is, describe its composition and of continental crust is that it is made of different types of rock than oceanic crust. When two plates collide, one plate can subduct beneath another. When this happens, the crust can be pushed upwards, forming continental plates or in the theory of plate tectonics, the earth's crust is broken into plates that move the first is a deep ocean trench that forms a line of the two colliding plates. This happens because oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust, making it this crust is not a solid shell; It is broken up into huge, thick plates tha
wn.com/What Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide Romance
Collide
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Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent what happens when two continental plates collide?. Here are some more compilation of topics and latest discussions relates to this video, which we found thorough the internet. Hope this information will helpful to get idea in brief about this. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate the crust forming the the continental crust is called subduction and the zone at which this occurs at the and the difference between them is continental crust is older right? and when oceanic and continental plates collide, the oceanic plate is the below information will help you to get some more though about the subject subduction zone the collision site; Deep subduction of continental crust suture zones are often marked by fragments of the pre existing oceanic crust and happen as a result of crustal shortening or when one crust overthrusts the continents float like giant icebergs atop the upper mantle. This occurs generally in one of two ways when oceanic crust collides with continental crust, continental crust being less dense will usually ride up over the oceanic crust. As a result a convergent boundary forms when two crustal plates collide. There are three the continental crust is lighter and less dense than oceanic crust. Continental anyway if you want for more info, you would better continue reading. A subduction zone forms when continental crust and oceanic crust collide. The continental crust is thicker and more buoyant than the oceanic crust so the a subduction zone is a collision between two of earth's tectonic plates, tectonic plates can transport both continental crust and oceanic 'if these earthquakes happened underneath a city, the city would have no chance the oceanic plate is made of denser (and thinner) rock than the continental crust, so the oceanic plate gets subducted (pushed underneath) where it descends earth's crust is constantly changing, and plate material is always being created and destroyed. Continents and oceans do not ride atop the plates without changing. What happens when plates collide depends on the type of crust involved furthermore, continents do not drift, they move across the surface as a result of oceanic lithosphere consist of oceanic crust which is mostly basaltic (having a what happens at ocean ridges, along divergent boundaries; They can collide at a different type of plate movement occurs along each type of boundary. Pdf when two plates converge, the result is called a collision. When two the less dense continental crust can't sink under the more dense oceanic crust. Instead instead, subducton occurs as the oceanic plate sinks eneath the continental plate. What is likely to occur at a plate boundary where oceanic crust collides with this lesson will explain what the continental crust is, describe its composition and of continental crust is that it is made of different types of rock than oceanic crust. When two plates collide, one plate can subduct beneath another. When this happens, the crust can be pushed upwards, forming continental plates or in the theory of plate tectonics, the earth's crust is broken into plates that move the first is a deep ocean trench that forms a line of the two colliding plates. This happens because oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust, making it this crust is not a solid shell; It is broken up into huge, thick plates tha
- published: 26 Sep 2015
- views: 751
Earth's Structure
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:33
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
- views: 1376
Table of Contents:
00:00 - Continental vs. Oceanic Crust
00:03 - Objectives
00:24 - Basics
06:56 - Objectives
Table of Contents:
00:00 - Continental vs. Oceanic Crust
00:03 - Objectives
00:24 - Basics
06:56 - Objectives
wn.com/Earth's Structure
Table of Contents:
00:00 - Continental vs. Oceanic Crust
00:03 - Objectives
00:24 - Basics
06:56 - Objectives
- published: 13 Apr 2013
- views: 1376
Learn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's crust || Earth Science
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:26
- Updated: 27 Aug 2015
- views: 2729
Lithospheric plates
Lithospheric plates are regions of Earth's crust and upper mantle that are fractured into plates that move across a deeper plasticine mantle...
Lithospheric plates
Lithospheric plates are regions of Earth's crust and upper mantle that are fractured into plates that move across a deeper plasticine mantle.
Earth's crust is fractured into 13 major and approximately 20 total lithospheric plates. Each lithospheric plate is composed of a layer of oceanic crust or continental crust superficial to an outer layer of the mantle. Containing both crust and the upper region of the mantle, lithospheric plates are generally considered to be approximately 60 mi (100 km) thick. Although containing only continental crust or oceanic crust in any one cross-section, lithospheric plates may contain various sections that exclusively contain either oceanic crust or continental crust and therefore lithospheric plates may contain various combinations of oceanic and continental crust. Lithospheric plates move on top of the asthenosphere (the outer plastically deforming region of Earth's mantle).
The term "plate" is deceptive. Remembering that Earth is an oblate sphere, lithospheric plates are not flat, but curved and fractured into curved sections akin to the peeled sections of an orange. Accordingly, analysis of lithospheric plate movements and dynamics requires more sophisticated mathematics that account for the curvature of the plates.
In geological terms, there are three types of boundaries between lithospheric plates. At divergent boundaries, lithospheric plates move apart and crust is created. At convergent boundaries, lithospheric plates move together in collision zones where crust is either destroyed by subduction or uplifted to form mountain chains . Lateral movements between lithospheric plates create transform faults at the sites of plate slippage.
At each of the unique lithospheric plate boundaries there are specific geophysical forces that are characteristic of the plate dynamics. At transform boundaries there are shearing forces between the lithospheric plates. At divergent boundaries, tensional forces dominate the interaction between plates. At subduction sites, compression of lithospheric plate material dominates.
The dynamics of plate tectonics , driven by deeper thermal processes, stress and cause elastic strain on lithospheric materials. Resulting fractures of rock in the lithosphere cause a release of energy in the form of seismic waves (i.e. an earthquake ).
Because Earth's diameter remains constant, there is no net creation or destruction of lithospheric plates.
In contrast to the technical definition of lithosphere used by geologists, many geographers use the term lithosphere to denote landmass. This is a distinct concept as the geological definition of lithosphere may include sections containing oceanic crust completely submerged beneath Earth's oceans . Using the geographical definition, Earth is approximately 71% hydrosphere (a region covered by water ) and 21% lithosphere (a region of land).
See also Dating methods; Earth, interior structure; Hawaiian Island formation; Mantle plumes; Mapping techniques; Mid-ocean ridges and rifts; Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho); Ocean trenches; Rifting and rift valleys; Subduction zone
wn.com/Learn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's Crust || Earth Science
Lithospheric plates
Lithospheric plates are regions of Earth's crust and upper mantle that are fractured into plates that move across a deeper plasticine mantle.
Earth's crust is fractured into 13 major and approximately 20 total lithospheric plates. Each lithospheric plate is composed of a layer of oceanic crust or continental crust superficial to an outer layer of the mantle. Containing both crust and the upper region of the mantle, lithospheric plates are generally considered to be approximately 60 mi (100 km) thick. Although containing only continental crust or oceanic crust in any one cross-section, lithospheric plates may contain various sections that exclusively contain either oceanic crust or continental crust and therefore lithospheric plates may contain various combinations of oceanic and continental crust. Lithospheric plates move on top of the asthenosphere (the outer plastically deforming region of Earth's mantle).
The term "plate" is deceptive. Remembering that Earth is an oblate sphere, lithospheric plates are not flat, but curved and fractured into curved sections akin to the peeled sections of an orange. Accordingly, analysis of lithospheric plate movements and dynamics requires more sophisticated mathematics that account for the curvature of the plates.
In geological terms, there are three types of boundaries between lithospheric plates. At divergent boundaries, lithospheric plates move apart and crust is created. At convergent boundaries, lithospheric plates move together in collision zones where crust is either destroyed by subduction or uplifted to form mountain chains . Lateral movements between lithospheric plates create transform faults at the sites of plate slippage.
At each of the unique lithospheric plate boundaries there are specific geophysical forces that are characteristic of the plate dynamics. At transform boundaries there are shearing forces between the lithospheric plates. At divergent boundaries, tensional forces dominate the interaction between plates. At subduction sites, compression of lithospheric plate material dominates.
The dynamics of plate tectonics , driven by deeper thermal processes, stress and cause elastic strain on lithospheric materials. Resulting fractures of rock in the lithosphere cause a release of energy in the form of seismic waves (i.e. an earthquake ).
Because Earth's diameter remains constant, there is no net creation or destruction of lithospheric plates.
In contrast to the technical definition of lithosphere used by geologists, many geographers use the term lithosphere to denote landmass. This is a distinct concept as the geological definition of lithosphere may include sections containing oceanic crust completely submerged beneath Earth's oceans . Using the geographical definition, Earth is approximately 71% hydrosphere (a region covered by water ) and 21% lithosphere (a region of land).
See also Dating methods; Earth, interior structure; Hawaiian Island formation; Mantle plumes; Mapping techniques; Mid-ocean ridges and rifts; Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho); Ocean trenches; Rifting and rift valleys; Subduction zone
- published: 27 Aug 2015
- views: 2729
Continental and Oceanic Crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:52
- Updated: 20 Oct 2014
- views: 889
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
wn.com/Continental And Oceanic Crust
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
- published: 20 Oct 2014
- views: 889
Continental and oceanic crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 17 Oct 2014
- views: 198
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
wn.com/Continental And Oceanic Crust
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
- published: 17 Oct 2014
- views: 198
CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:29
- Updated: 08 Dec 2014
- views: 91
- published: 08 Dec 2014
- views: 91
Oman Ophiolite - Lower oceanic crust and moho
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 1640
Geological field excursion to the Oman ophiolite. In these videos Hugh Rollinson, from the University of Derby, takes you on a geological journey from the ocean...
Geological field excursion to the Oman ophiolite. In these videos Hugh Rollinson, from the University of Derby, takes you on a geological journey from the oceanic crust through to the Earth's mantle.
wn.com/Oman Ophiolite Lower Oceanic Crust And Moho
Geological field excursion to the Oman ophiolite. In these videos Hugh Rollinson, from the University of Derby, takes you on a geological journey from the oceanic crust through to the Earth's mantle.
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 1640
The Oceanic Crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 25 Feb 2013
- views: 715
A brief video on the oceanic crust.
A brief video on the oceanic crust.
wn.com/The Oceanic Crust
A brief video on the oceanic crust.
- published: 25 Feb 2013
- views: 715
Ocean Basins (Part 1): Features of the Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:39
- Updated: 28 Dec 2011
- views: 45532
Mr. Lima discusses the difference between continental and oceanic crust, types of tectonic plates, and discusses features of the ocean floor associated with con...
Mr. Lima discusses the difference between continental and oceanic crust, types of tectonic plates, and discusses features of the ocean floor associated with continental margin (Shelf, Slope, Rise, Submarine Canyon, Island Arc)
wn.com/Ocean Basins (Part 1) Features Of The Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)
Mr. Lima discusses the difference between continental and oceanic crust, types of tectonic plates, and discusses features of the ocean floor associated with continental margin (Shelf, Slope, Rise, Submarine Canyon, Island Arc)
- published: 28 Dec 2011
- views: 45532
Interaction between subducted oceanic crust and primordial reservoir at the lower mantle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:45
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
- views: 419
We find that oceanic crust subducted to the lowermost mantle is viscously dragged toward upwelling regions, where primordial reservoirs are hypothesized to exis...
We find that oceanic crust subducted to the lowermost mantle is viscously dragged toward upwelling regions, where primordial reservoirs are hypothesized to exist. While most oceanic crust avoids interaction with a reservoir itself and is entrained into thermal plumes that form along the tops of reservoirs, some crust accumulates at the base of the plumes, along reservoir tops. Eventually the volume of accumulated crust at the base of a plume gains enough negative buoyancy such that it is flushed into the reservoir below, through the reservoir's top margin.
These three panels are temperature, viscosity and composition (blue for primordial reservoir and yellow for oceanic crust).
wn.com/Interaction Between Subducted Oceanic Crust And Primordial Reservoir At The Lower Mantle
We find that oceanic crust subducted to the lowermost mantle is viscously dragged toward upwelling regions, where primordial reservoirs are hypothesized to exist. While most oceanic crust avoids interaction with a reservoir itself and is entrained into thermal plumes that form along the tops of reservoirs, some crust accumulates at the base of the plumes, along reservoir tops. Eventually the volume of accumulated crust at the base of a plume gains enough negative buoyancy such that it is flushed into the reservoir below, through the reservoir's top margin.
These three panels are temperature, viscosity and composition (blue for primordial reservoir and yellow for oceanic crust).
- published: 30 Nov 2012
- views: 419
Formation of oceanic crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 7
Oceanic crust is the relatively thin part of the earth's crust that underlies the ocean basins. It is geologically young compared with the continental crust and...
Oceanic crust is the relatively thin part of the earth's crust that underlies the ocean basins. It is geologically young compared with the continental crust and consists of basaltic rock overlain by sediments. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter.
Formation of oceanic crust
For more videos dont forget to like my official page
facebook- www.facebook.com/hassanbilalofficial
website
www.geologisthassan.com
wn.com/Formation Of Oceanic Crust
Oceanic crust is the relatively thin part of the earth's crust that underlies the ocean basins. It is geologically young compared with the continental crust and consists of basaltic rock overlain by sediments. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser, having a mean density of about 2.9 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter.
Formation of oceanic crust
For more videos dont forget to like my official page
facebook- www.facebook.com/hassanbilalofficial
website
www.geologisthassan.com
- published: 07 Mar 2016
- views: 7
Continental oceanic crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:27
- Updated: 24 Nov 2014
- views: 250
- published: 24 Nov 2014
- views: 250
The difficulty for subducted oceanic crust to accumulate at the core-mantle boundary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Updated: 01 Dec 2011
- views: 681
The results of our numerical melding shows that, under present-day Earth-like conditions, it is difficult for the subducted oceanic crust to accumulate into lar...
The results of our numerical melding shows that, under present-day Earth-like conditions, it is difficult for the subducted oceanic crust to accumulate into large thermochemical piles at the core-mantle boundary. The three panels are temperature, viscosity and composition respectively. We see that the major parts of the subducted oceanic crust are carried up by upwelling plumes and mixed with ambient mantle, instead of settle at the core-mantle boundary.
wn.com/The Difficulty For Subducted Oceanic Crust To Accumulate At The Core Mantle Boundary
The results of our numerical melding shows that, under present-day Earth-like conditions, it is difficult for the subducted oceanic crust to accumulate into large thermochemical piles at the core-mantle boundary. The three panels are temperature, viscosity and composition respectively. We see that the major parts of the subducted oceanic crust are carried up by upwelling plumes and mixed with ambient mantle, instead of settle at the core-mantle boundary.
- published: 01 Dec 2011
- views: 681
Sub ducting oceanic crust beneath a continent (current example - South America west coastline)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:08
- Updated: 10 Feb 2016
- views: 5
An example of a convergent plate margin where oceanic crust is pushed under (sub ducted) under a continent.
An example of a convergent plate margin where oceanic crust is pushed under (sub ducted) under a continent.
wn.com/Sub Ducting Oceanic Crust Beneath A Continent (Current Example South America West Coastline)
An example of a convergent plate margin where oceanic crust is pushed under (sub ducted) under a continent.
- published: 10 Feb 2016
- views: 5
Science oceanic crust.m4v
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 18 Feb 2011
- views: 229
Aatiqah, Daisy, Nick and Mike
hope you enjoyed it and its just a short movie of us pretending to be an oceanic crust and converging and diverging
Aatiqah, Daisy, Nick and Mike
hope you enjoyed it and its just a short movie of us pretending to be an oceanic crust and converging and diverging
wn.com/Science Oceanic Crust.M4V
Cores of Juan de Fuca ocean crust, croûte océanique, basalt, sediments, pillow lavas, bioturbation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:30
- Updated: 17 Oct 2010
- views: 187
www.ronbleud.fr for further information
Movie showing cores of Juan de Fuca oceanic crust. You'll see sediments, basalt, breccia, pillow lavas...
For further ...
www.ronbleud.fr for further information
Movie showing cores of Juan de Fuca oceanic crust. You'll see sediments, basalt, breccia, pillow lavas...
For further information, go to www.ronbleud.fr
wn.com/Cores Of Juan De Fuca Ocean Crust, Croûte Océanique, Basalt, Sediments, Pillow Lavas, Bioturbation
www.ronbleud.fr for further information
Movie showing cores of Juan de Fuca oceanic crust. You'll see sediments, basalt, breccia, pillow lavas...
For further information, go to www.ronbleud.fr
- published: 17 Oct 2010
- views: 187
Continental or Oceanic crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 30 Apr 2015
- views: 23
Oceanic Crust movements.m4v
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:22
- Updated: 24 Feb 2012
- views: 168
school work
school work
wn.com/Oceanic Crust Movements.M4V
school work
- published: 24 Feb 2012
- views: 168
-
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Idaho, United States
Thanks for watching... Big Southern Butte https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Southern_Butte Blue Creek Craters of the Moon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve Henry's Fork Caldera https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s_Fork_Caldera Island Park Caldera https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Park_Caldera Juniper Buttes Menan Buttes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menan_Buttes Split Butte The Great Rift https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve Twin Peaks Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_States Music: The Chase,Topher Mohr and Alex Elena; YouTube Audio Library A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, v... -
Mid ocean ridge
A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts. The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust, and emerges as lava, creating new crust upon cooling. A mid-ocean ridge demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates, and consequently is termed a divergent plate boundary. -
Continental crust
The continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer is sometimes called sial because its bulk composition is more felsic, or granitic, in contrast to the oceanic crust, called sima, whose bulk composition is more mafic or basaltic rock. Consisting mostly of granitic rock, continental crust has a density of about 2.7 g/cm3 and is less dense than the material of Earth's mantle, which consists of ultramafic rock and whose density is about 3.3 g/cm3. Continental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust, whose density is about 2.9 g/cm3. Continental crust is considerably thicker than oceanic crust, mostly 25 to 70 km versus the average thickn... -
Continental crust - Video Learning - WizScience.com
The "continental crust" is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks which forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer is sometimes called "sial" because there is more felsic, or granitic, bulk composition, which lies in contrast to the oceanic crust, called "sima" because of the mafic or basaltic rock. Consisting mostly of granitic rock, continental crust has a density of about 2.7 g/cm 3 and is less dense than the material of the Earth's mantle , which consists of ultramafic rock. Continental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust , though it is considerably thicker; mostly 25 to 70 km versus the average oceanic thickness of around 7–10 km. About 40% of the Earth's surface is now overlaid b... -
Ophiolite - Video Learning - WizScience.com
An "ophiolite" is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks. "Ophio" is Greek for "snake" , and "lite" means "stone" from the Greek "lithos" , after the often-green-color rocks that make up many ophiolites. The term ophiolite was originally used by Alexandre Brongniart for an assemblage of green rocks in the Alps; Gustav Steinmann later modified its use to include serpentine, pillow lava, and chert , again based on occurrences in the Alps. The term was little-used in other areas until the late 1950s to early 1960s, with the recognition that this assemblage provided an analog for oceanic crust and the process of seafloor spreading. This recognition wa... -
Tectonic Throwdown
Deep beneath the earth, massive plates of rock are slowly pushing into each other, creating mountains and volcanoes on the surface! This week, Jeff and Paige take and elevator deep into the earth to watch the battle of the eons, Oceanic Crust vs. Continental Crust. Plate tectonics...whoa! Find this song on Jeff and Paige's album "Get Outdoors" For more fun visit... http://www.jeffandpaige.org/ https://www.facebook.com/jeffandpaige https://twitter.com/JeffPaigeMusic ****** Music: © 2013 by Rocky Mountain Music Inc. Video: © 2015 Rocky Mountain Music Inc. -
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Other parts of Russia
Thanks for watching.... Anik Mountain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anik_Mountain Azas Plateau Balagan-Tas Mount Kazbek https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kazbek Mount Elbrus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Elbrus Oka Plateau Sikhote-Alin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhote-Alin Tunkin Depression Udokan Plateau Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia Music: Elephants,Huma-Huma; YouTube Audio Library A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on ... -
Banda Arc 0-30 Ma Plate Tectonic Reconstructions
The spectacularly curved Banda arc comprises young oceanic crust enclosed by volcanic inner arc, outer arc islands and a trough parallel to the Australian continental margin. Strong seismic activity in the upper mantle defines a folded surface for which there are two contrasting explanations: deformation of a single slab or two separate slabs subducting from the north and south. Here we combine seismic tomography with the plate tectonic evolution of the region to infer that the Banda arc results from subduction of a single slab. Our palaeogeographic reconstruction shows that a Jurassic embayment, which consisted of dense oceanic lithosphere enclosed by continental crust, once existed within the Australian plate. Banda subduction began about 15 million years ago when active Java subduction ... -
Michaelangelo 360 fly-around
Bramley Murton shows us a 360° fly-around TOBI-sidescan sonar imagery draped over multibeam bathymetry for the 13°20'N Ocean Core Complex (OCC) at 13°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The OCC is formed from mantle rocks that have been uplifted through a 'hole' in the oceanic crust. Depths are 3900m to 2300m. The scale of the OCC is ~15km long by 12km wide and 2500m high. The OCC has a striped look due to the corrugations on its surface formed when the mantle rocks are pulled up and out of the 'hole in the ocean crust'. The images were acquired during cruise JC007 of the RRS James Cook in 2007. Roger Searle was chief scientists, with Chris MacLeod and Bramley Murton as co-chiefs. -
Eden Hope Academy Science, Week 12, Layers of the Earth
Core Outer Core Mantel Athenosphere Lithosphere Crust Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Polar Ice Caps -
Earth Movements - Activity 2: The Earth's Crust
Students explore the structure and composition of the Earth's crust. They compare oceanic crust with continental crust and discuss some of the geographic features of each. Then they build a model of the Earth's crust that consists of ocean floor and an adjacent continent. -
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in The Pacific Ocean
Thanks for watching..... Name Last eruption ----------------------------------------------------- Bowie Seamount 18,000 BC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowie_Seamount Adams Seamount 50 BC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Seamount Axial Seamount 1998 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_Seamount Cleft Segment 1986 Coaxial Segment 1993 Foundation Seamounts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_Seamounts Loihi Seamount http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CA%BBihi_Seamount Tamu Massif 144.6 ± 0.8 Ma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamu_Massif Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Pacific_Ocean Music: Action Hero,Jingle Punks; YouTube Audio Library A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows ho... -
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Volcanic Plumes, Seafloor Spreading, and Earth's Magnetic Field
Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: http://www.janson.com Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory ofplate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere. Basaltic magma rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new sea floor. Older rocks will be found farther away from the spreading zone while younger rocks will be found nearer to the spreading zone. An eruption column consists of hot volcanic ash emitted...
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Idaho, United States
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 10 Mar 2016
- views: 1
Thanks for watching...
Big Southern Butte
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Southern_Butte
Blue Creek
Craters of the Moon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater...
Thanks for watching...
Big Southern Butte
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Southern_Butte
Blue Creek
Craters of the Moon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve
Henry's Fork Caldera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s_Fork_Caldera
Island Park Caldera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Park_Caldera
Juniper Buttes
Menan Buttes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menan_Buttes
Split Butte
The Great Rift
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve
Twin Peaks
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_States
Music: The Chase,Topher Mohr and Alex Elena; YouTube Audio Library
A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.
At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed, for example, Iceland.
Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate, collide. In this case, the oceanic plate subducts, or submerges under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. In a process called flux melting, water released from the subducting plate lowers the melting temperature of the overlying mantle wedge, creating magma. This magma tends to be very viscous due to its high silica content, so often does not reach the surface and cools at depth. When it does reach the surface, a volcano is formed. Typical examples of this kind of volcano are Mount Etna and the volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
wn.com/Earth's Extremes Volcanoes In Idaho, United States
Thanks for watching...
Big Southern Butte
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Southern_Butte
Blue Creek
Craters of the Moon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve
Henry's Fork Caldera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s_Fork_Caldera
Island Park Caldera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Park_Caldera
Juniper Buttes
Menan Buttes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menan_Buttes
Split Butte
The Great Rift
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve
Twin Peaks
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_States
Music: The Chase,Topher Mohr and Alex Elena; YouTube Audio Library
A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.
At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed, for example, Iceland.
Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate, collide. In this case, the oceanic plate subducts, or submerges under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. In a process called flux melting, water released from the subducting plate lowers the melting temperature of the overlying mantle wedge, creating magma. This magma tends to be very viscous due to its high silica content, so often does not reach the surface and cools at depth. When it does reach the surface, a volcano is formed. Typical examples of this kind of volcano are Mount Etna and the volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
- published: 10 Mar 2016
- views: 1
Mid ocean ridge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 18 Feb 2016
- views: 0
A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known...
A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts. The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust, and emerges as lava, creating new crust upon cooling. A mid-ocean ridge demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates, and consequently is termed a divergent plate boundary.
wn.com/Mid Ocean Ridge
A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts. The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust, and emerges as lava, creating new crust upon cooling. A mid-ocean ridge demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates, and consequently is termed a divergent plate boundary.
- published: 18 Feb 2016
- views: 0
Continental crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:33
- Updated: 26 Oct 2015
- views: 42
The continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shore...
The continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer is sometimes called sial because its bulk composition is more felsic, or granitic, in contrast to the oceanic crust, called sima, whose bulk composition is more mafic or basaltic rock.
Consisting mostly of granitic rock, continental crust has a density of about 2.7 g/cm3 and is less dense than the material of Earth's mantle, which consists of ultramafic rock and whose density is about 3.3 g/cm3. Continental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust, whose density is about 2.9 g/cm3. Continental crust is considerably thicker than oceanic crust, mostly 25 to 70 km versus the average thickness of the oceanic crust of around 7–10 km. About 40% of Earth's surface is now overlaid by continental crust. Continental crust makes up about 70% of the volume of Earth's crust.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
wn.com/Continental Crust
The continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer is sometimes called sial because its bulk composition is more felsic, or granitic, in contrast to the oceanic crust, called sima, whose bulk composition is more mafic or basaltic rock.
Consisting mostly of granitic rock, continental crust has a density of about 2.7 g/cm3 and is less dense than the material of Earth's mantle, which consists of ultramafic rock and whose density is about 3.3 g/cm3. Continental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust, whose density is about 2.9 g/cm3. Continental crust is considerably thicker than oceanic crust, mostly 25 to 70 km versus the average thickness of the oceanic crust of around 7–10 km. About 40% of Earth's surface is now overlaid by continental crust. Continental crust makes up about 70% of the volume of Earth's crust.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 26 Oct 2015
- views: 42
Continental crust - Video Learning - WizScience.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 29 Sep 2015
- views: 128
The "continental crust" is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks which forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their sh...
The "continental crust" is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks which forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer is sometimes called "sial" because there is more felsic, or granitic, bulk composition, which lies in contrast to the oceanic crust, called "sima" because of the mafic or basaltic rock.
Consisting mostly of granitic rock, continental crust has a density of about 2.7 g/cm 3 and is less dense than the material of the Earth's mantle , which consists of ultramafic rock. Continental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust , though it is considerably thicker; mostly 25 to 70 km versus the average oceanic thickness of around 7–10 km.
About 40% of the Earth's surface is now overlaid by continental crust.
Continental crust makes up about 70% of the volume of Earth's crust.
Because the surface of continental crust mainly lies above sea level, its existence allowed land life to evolve from marine life. Its existence also provides broad expanses of shallow water known as epeiric seas and continental shelves where complex metazoan life could become established during early Paleozoic time, in what is now called the Cambrian explosion.
There is little evidence of continental crust prior to 3.5 bya, and there was relatively rapid development on shield areas consisting of continental crust between 3.0 and 2.5 bya. All continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many eons. This process has been and continues today primarily as a result of the volcanism associated with subduction.
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Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Background Music:
"The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental+crust, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
wn.com/Continental Crust Video Learning Wizscience.Com
The "continental crust" is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks which forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer is sometimes called "sial" because there is more felsic, or granitic, bulk composition, which lies in contrast to the oceanic crust, called "sima" because of the mafic or basaltic rock.
Consisting mostly of granitic rock, continental crust has a density of about 2.7 g/cm 3 and is less dense than the material of the Earth's mantle , which consists of ultramafic rock. Continental crust is also less dense than oceanic crust , though it is considerably thicker; mostly 25 to 70 km versus the average oceanic thickness of around 7–10 km.
About 40% of the Earth's surface is now overlaid by continental crust.
Continental crust makes up about 70% of the volume of Earth's crust.
Because the surface of continental crust mainly lies above sea level, its existence allowed land life to evolve from marine life. Its existence also provides broad expanses of shallow water known as epeiric seas and continental shelves where complex metazoan life could become established during early Paleozoic time, in what is now called the Cambrian explosion.
There is little evidence of continental crust prior to 3.5 bya, and there was relatively rapid development on shield areas consisting of continental crust between 3.0 and 2.5 bya. All continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many eons. This process has been and continues today primarily as a result of the volcanism associated with subduction.
Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages.
SUBSCRIBE TODAY
Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Background Music:
"The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental+crust, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
- published: 29 Sep 2015
- views: 128
Ophiolite - Video Learning - WizScience.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 02 Sep 2015
- views: 675
An "ophiolite" is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced ...
An "ophiolite" is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks. "Ophio" is Greek for "snake" , and "lite" means "stone" from the Greek "lithos" , after the often-green-color rocks that make up many ophiolites.
The term ophiolite was originally used by Alexandre Brongniart for an assemblage of green rocks in the Alps; Gustav Steinmann later modified its use to include serpentine, pillow lava, and chert , again based on occurrences in the Alps. The term was little-used in other areas until the late 1950s to early 1960s, with the recognition that this assemblage provided an analog for oceanic crust and the process of seafloor spreading. This recognition was tied to two events: the observation of magnetic anomaly stripes on the seafloor, parallel to oceanic ridge systems, interpreted by Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews to represent the formation of new crust at the oceanic ridge and its subsequent symmetric spreading away from that ridge, and the observation of a sheeted dike complex within the Troodos ophiolite by Ian Graham Gass and co-workers, which must have formed by repetitive extension of crust and intrusion of magma, resulting in a formation consisting of 100% dikes with no older wall rocks preserved within the complex. Moores and Vine concluded that the sheeted dike complex at Troodos could form only by a process similar to the seafloor spreading proposed by Vine and Matthews. Thus, it became widely accepted that ophiolites represent oceanic crust that had been emplaced on land.
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Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Background Music:
"The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiolite, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
wn.com/Ophiolite Video Learning Wizscience.Com
An "ophiolite" is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks. "Ophio" is Greek for "snake" , and "lite" means "stone" from the Greek "lithos" , after the often-green-color rocks that make up many ophiolites.
The term ophiolite was originally used by Alexandre Brongniart for an assemblage of green rocks in the Alps; Gustav Steinmann later modified its use to include serpentine, pillow lava, and chert , again based on occurrences in the Alps. The term was little-used in other areas until the late 1950s to early 1960s, with the recognition that this assemblage provided an analog for oceanic crust and the process of seafloor spreading. This recognition was tied to two events: the observation of magnetic anomaly stripes on the seafloor, parallel to oceanic ridge systems, interpreted by Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews to represent the formation of new crust at the oceanic ridge and its subsequent symmetric spreading away from that ridge, and the observation of a sheeted dike complex within the Troodos ophiolite by Ian Graham Gass and co-workers, which must have formed by repetitive extension of crust and intrusion of magma, resulting in a formation consisting of 100% dikes with no older wall rocks preserved within the complex. Moores and Vine concluded that the sheeted dike complex at Troodos could form only by a process similar to the seafloor spreading proposed by Vine and Matthews. Thus, it became widely accepted that ophiolites represent oceanic crust that had been emplaced on land.
Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages.
SUBSCRIBE TODAY
Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Background Music:
"The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiolite, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
- published: 02 Sep 2015
- views: 675
Tectonic Throwdown
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 16 Jul 2015
- views: 604
Deep beneath the earth, massive plates of rock are slowly pushing into each other, creating mountains and volcanoes on the surface! This week, Jeff and Paige ta...
Deep beneath the earth, massive plates of rock are slowly pushing into each other, creating mountains and volcanoes on the surface! This week, Jeff and Paige take and elevator deep into the earth to watch the battle of the eons, Oceanic Crust vs. Continental Crust. Plate tectonics...whoa!
Find this song on Jeff and Paige's album "Get Outdoors"
For more fun visit...
http://www.jeffandpaige.org/
https://www.facebook.com/jeffandpaige
https://twitter.com/JeffPaigeMusic
******
Music: © 2013 by Rocky Mountain Music Inc.
Video: © 2015 Rocky Mountain Music Inc.
wn.com/Tectonic Throwdown
Deep beneath the earth, massive plates of rock are slowly pushing into each other, creating mountains and volcanoes on the surface! This week, Jeff and Paige take and elevator deep into the earth to watch the battle of the eons, Oceanic Crust vs. Continental Crust. Plate tectonics...whoa!
Find this song on Jeff and Paige's album "Get Outdoors"
For more fun visit...
http://www.jeffandpaige.org/
https://www.facebook.com/jeffandpaige
https://twitter.com/JeffPaigeMusic
******
Music: © 2013 by Rocky Mountain Music Inc.
Video: © 2015 Rocky Mountain Music Inc.
- published: 16 Jul 2015
- views: 604
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Other parts of Russia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 06 Jul 2015
- views: 34
Thanks for watching....
Anik Mountain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anik_Mountain
Azas Plateau
Balagan-Tas
Mount Kazbek
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_K...
Thanks for watching....
Anik Mountain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anik_Mountain
Azas Plateau
Balagan-Tas
Mount Kazbek
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kazbek
Mount Elbrus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Elbrus
Oka Plateau
Sikhote-Alin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhote-Alin
Tunkin Depression
Udokan Plateau
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia
Music: Elephants,Huma-Huma; YouTube Audio Library
A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.
At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed, for example, Iceland.
Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate, collide. In this case, the oceanic plate subducts, or submerges under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. In a process called flux melting, water released from the subducting plate lowers the melting temperature of the overlying mantle wedge, creating magma. This magma tends to be very viscous due to its high silica content, so often does not reach the surface and cools at depth. When it does reach the surface, a volcano is formed. Typical examples of this kind of volcano are Mount Etna and the volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
wn.com/Earth's Extremes Volcanoes In Other Parts Of Russia
Thanks for watching....
Anik Mountain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anik_Mountain
Azas Plateau
Balagan-Tas
Mount Kazbek
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kazbek
Mount Elbrus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Elbrus
Oka Plateau
Sikhote-Alin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhote-Alin
Tunkin Depression
Udokan Plateau
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia
Music: Elephants,Huma-Huma; YouTube Audio Library
A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.
At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed, for example, Iceland.
Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate, collide. In this case, the oceanic plate subducts, or submerges under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. In a process called flux melting, water released from the subducting plate lowers the melting temperature of the overlying mantle wedge, creating magma. This magma tends to be very viscous due to its high silica content, so often does not reach the surface and cools at depth. When it does reach the surface, a volcano is formed. Typical examples of this kind of volcano are Mount Etna and the volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
- published: 06 Jul 2015
- views: 34
Banda Arc 0-30 Ma Plate Tectonic Reconstructions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 21 Jun 2015
- views: 94
The spectacularly curved Banda arc comprises young oceanic crust enclosed by volcanic inner arc, outer arc islands and a trough parallel to the Australian conti...
The spectacularly curved Banda arc comprises young oceanic crust enclosed by volcanic inner arc, outer arc islands and a trough parallel to the Australian continental margin. Strong seismic activity in the upper mantle defines a folded surface for which there are two contrasting explanations: deformation of a single slab or two separate slabs subducting from the north and south. Here we combine seismic tomography with the plate tectonic evolution of the region to infer that the Banda arc results from subduction of a single slab. Our palaeogeographic reconstruction shows that a Jurassic embayment, which consisted of dense oceanic lithosphere enclosed by continental crust, once existed within the Australian plate. Banda subduction began about 15 million years ago when active Java subduction tore eastwards into the embayment. The present morphology of the subducting slab is only partially controlled by the shape of the embayment. As the Australian plate moved northward at a high speed of about 7 cm yr -1, the Banda oceanic slab rolled back towards the south–southeast accompanied by active delamination separating the crust from the denser mantle. Increasing resistance of the mantle to plate motion progressively folded the slab and caused strong deformation of the crust. The Banda arc represents an outstanding example of large-scale deformation of the Earth’s crust in response to coupling between the crust, slab and surrounding mantle.
An animation of the Banda region for the last 30 Ma was published as a supplementary movie to ......
Spakman, W. & Hall, R. 2010. Surface deformation and slab-mantle interaction during Banda Arc subduction rollback. Nature Geoscience, 3, 562-566. doi:10.1038/ngeo917
http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/current_research/plate_tectonics/plate_tectonics_Banda_Arc%200-30Ma.html
wn.com/Banda Arc 0 30 Ma Plate Tectonic Reconstructions
The spectacularly curved Banda arc comprises young oceanic crust enclosed by volcanic inner arc, outer arc islands and a trough parallel to the Australian continental margin. Strong seismic activity in the upper mantle defines a folded surface for which there are two contrasting explanations: deformation of a single slab or two separate slabs subducting from the north and south. Here we combine seismic tomography with the plate tectonic evolution of the region to infer that the Banda arc results from subduction of a single slab. Our palaeogeographic reconstruction shows that a Jurassic embayment, which consisted of dense oceanic lithosphere enclosed by continental crust, once existed within the Australian plate. Banda subduction began about 15 million years ago when active Java subduction tore eastwards into the embayment. The present morphology of the subducting slab is only partially controlled by the shape of the embayment. As the Australian plate moved northward at a high speed of about 7 cm yr -1, the Banda oceanic slab rolled back towards the south–southeast accompanied by active delamination separating the crust from the denser mantle. Increasing resistance of the mantle to plate motion progressively folded the slab and caused strong deformation of the crust. The Banda arc represents an outstanding example of large-scale deformation of the Earth’s crust in response to coupling between the crust, slab and surrounding mantle.
An animation of the Banda region for the last 30 Ma was published as a supplementary movie to ......
Spakman, W. & Hall, R. 2010. Surface deformation and slab-mantle interaction during Banda Arc subduction rollback. Nature Geoscience, 3, 562-566. doi:10.1038/ngeo917
http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/current_research/plate_tectonics/plate_tectonics_Banda_Arc%200-30Ma.html
- published: 21 Jun 2015
- views: 94
Michaelangelo 360 fly-around
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:19
- Updated: 12 Jun 2015
- views: 9
Bramley Murton shows us a 360° fly-around TOBI-sidescan sonar imagery draped over multibeam bathymetry for the 13°20'N Ocean Core Complex (OCC) at 13°N Mid-Atla...
Bramley Murton shows us a 360° fly-around TOBI-sidescan sonar imagery draped over multibeam bathymetry for the 13°20'N Ocean Core Complex (OCC) at 13°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The OCC is formed from mantle rocks that have been uplifted through a 'hole' in the oceanic crust. Depths are 3900m to 2300m. The scale of the OCC is ~15km long by 12km wide and 2500m high. The OCC has a striped look due to the corrugations on its surface formed when the mantle rocks are pulled up and out of the 'hole in the ocean crust'. The images were acquired during cruise JC007 of the RRS James Cook in 2007. Roger Searle was chief scientists, with Chris MacLeod and Bramley Murton as co-chiefs.
wn.com/Michaelangelo 360 Fly Around
Bramley Murton shows us a 360° fly-around TOBI-sidescan sonar imagery draped over multibeam bathymetry for the 13°20'N Ocean Core Complex (OCC) at 13°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The OCC is formed from mantle rocks that have been uplifted through a 'hole' in the oceanic crust. Depths are 3900m to 2300m. The scale of the OCC is ~15km long by 12km wide and 2500m high. The OCC has a striped look due to the corrugations on its surface formed when the mantle rocks are pulled up and out of the 'hole in the ocean crust'. The images were acquired during cruise JC007 of the RRS James Cook in 2007. Roger Searle was chief scientists, with Chris MacLeod and Bramley Murton as co-chiefs.
- published: 12 Jun 2015
- views: 9
Eden Hope Academy Science, Week 12, Layers of the Earth
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:19
- Updated: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 14
Core
Outer Core
Mantel
Athenosphere
Lithosphere
Crust
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Polar Ice Caps
Core
Outer Core
Mantel
Athenosphere
Lithosphere
Crust
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Polar Ice Caps
wn.com/Eden Hope Academy Science, Week 12, Layers Of The Earth
Core
Outer Core
Mantel
Athenosphere
Lithosphere
Crust
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Polar Ice Caps
- published: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 14
Earth Movements - Activity 2: The Earth's Crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:36
- Updated: 01 Jun 2015
- views: 859
Students explore the structure and composition of the Earth's crust. They compare oceanic crust with continental crust and discuss some of the geographic featu...
Students explore the structure and composition of the Earth's crust. They compare oceanic crust with continental crust and discuss some of the geographic features of each. Then they build a model of the Earth's crust that consists of ocean floor and an adjacent continent.
wn.com/Earth Movements Activity 2 The Earth's Crust
Students explore the structure and composition of the Earth's crust. They compare oceanic crust with continental crust and discuss some of the geographic features of each. Then they build a model of the Earth's crust that consists of ocean floor and an adjacent continent.
- published: 01 Jun 2015
- views: 859
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in The Pacific Ocean
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 11 Mar 2015
- views: 301
Thanks for watching.....
Name Last eruption
-----------------------------------------------------
Bowie Seamount 18,000 BC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowie...
Thanks for watching.....
Name Last eruption
-----------------------------------------------------
Bowie Seamount 18,000 BC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowie_Seamount
Adams Seamount 50 BC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Seamount
Axial Seamount 1998
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_Seamount
Cleft Segment 1986
Coaxial Segment 1993
Foundation Seamounts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_Seamounts
Loihi Seamount
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CA%BBihi_Seamount
Tamu Massif 144.6 ± 0.8 Ma
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamu_Massif
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Pacific_Ocean
Music: Action Hero,Jingle Punks; YouTube Audio Library
A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.
At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed, for example, Iceland.
Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate, collide. In this case, the oceanic plate subducts, or submerges under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. In a process called flux melting, water released from the subducting plate lowers the melting temperature of the overlying mantle wedge, creating magma. This magma tends to be very viscous due to its high silica content, so often does not reach the surface and cools at depth. When it does reach the surface, a volcano is formed. Typical examples of this kind of volcano are Mount Etna and the volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
wn.com/Earth's Extremes Volcanoes In The Pacific Ocean
Thanks for watching.....
Name Last eruption
-----------------------------------------------------
Bowie Seamount 18,000 BC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowie_Seamount
Adams Seamount 50 BC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Seamount
Axial Seamount 1998
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_Seamount
Cleft Segment 1986
Coaxial Segment 1993
Foundation Seamounts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_Seamounts
Loihi Seamount
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CA%BBihi_Seamount
Tamu Massif 144.6 ± 0.8 Ma
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamu_Massif
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Pacific_Ocean
Music: Action Hero,Jingle Punks; YouTube Audio Library
A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.
Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.
At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are an example of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed, for example, Iceland.
Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate, collide. In this case, the oceanic plate subducts, or submerges under the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. In a process called flux melting, water released from the subducting plate lowers the melting temperature of the overlying mantle wedge, creating magma. This magma tends to be very viscous due to its high silica content, so often does not reach the surface and cools at depth. When it does reach the surface, a volcano is formed. Typical examples of this kind of volcano are Mount Etna and the volcanoes in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
- published: 11 Mar 2015
- views: 301
Magnetic Reversals
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:51
- Updated: 30 Jan 2015
- views: 36
Evidence on the sea floor using magnetic reversals within basaltic oceanic crust. Complete your notes and graph as you watch the video.
Evidence on the sea floor using magnetic reversals within basaltic oceanic crust. Complete your notes and graph as you watch the video.
wn.com/Magnetic Reversals
Volcanic Plumes, Seafloor Spreading, and Earth's Magnetic Field
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 31 Dec 2014
- views: 829
Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe
License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: htt...
Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe
License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: http://www.janson.com
Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory ofplate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere. Basaltic magma rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new sea floor. Older rocks will be found farther away from the spreading zone while younger rocks will be found nearer to the spreading zone.
An eruption column consists of hot volcanic ash emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The ash forms a column rising many kilometres into the air above the peak of the volcano. In the most explosive eruptions, the eruption column may rise over 40 km, penetrating the stratosphere. Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes is a major cause of short-term climate change.
A common occurrence in explosive eruptions is for column collapse to occur. In this case, the eruption column is too dense to be lifted high into the air by air convection, and instead falls down the flanks of the volcano to form a pyroclastic flow or surge. On some occasions, if ash weren't dense enough to fall, they may create pyrocumulonimbus.
Scientists use the record of the Earth's magnetic field locked in rocks to tease out secrets of the geodynamo -- the currents of molten rock that seethe beneath the Earth's crust, causing everything from earthquakes and volcanoes to the drift of the continents themselves.
The Earth's magnetic field also protects us from much of the sun's dangerous radiation, so understanding how it works can help scientists predict its fluctuations and look into what effect those fluctuations could have had on the development of life on Earth.
In geophysics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales. A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field, as well as the magnetic fields of other planets.
wn.com/Volcanic Plumes, Seafloor Spreading, And Earth's Magnetic Field
Subscribe to Cosmic TV for more great space, alien and UFO content: http://bit.ly/CosmicTVSubscribe
License your video content worldwide with Janson Media: http://www.janson.com
Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory ofplate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere. Basaltic magma rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new sea floor. Older rocks will be found farther away from the spreading zone while younger rocks will be found nearer to the spreading zone.
An eruption column consists of hot volcanic ash emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The ash forms a column rising many kilometres into the air above the peak of the volcano. In the most explosive eruptions, the eruption column may rise over 40 km, penetrating the stratosphere. Stratospheric injection of aerosols by volcanoes is a major cause of short-term climate change.
A common occurrence in explosive eruptions is for column collapse to occur. In this case, the eruption column is too dense to be lifted high into the air by air convection, and instead falls down the flanks of the volcano to form a pyroclastic flow or surge. On some occasions, if ash weren't dense enough to fall, they may create pyrocumulonimbus.
Scientists use the record of the Earth's magnetic field locked in rocks to tease out secrets of the geodynamo -- the currents of molten rock that seethe beneath the Earth's crust, causing everything from earthquakes and volcanoes to the drift of the continents themselves.
The Earth's magnetic field also protects us from much of the sun's dangerous radiation, so understanding how it works can help scientists predict its fluctuations and look into what effect those fluctuations could have had on the development of life on Earth.
In geophysics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales. A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field, as well as the magnetic fields of other planets.
- published: 31 Dec 2014
- views: 829
-
Geography by Gangatharan
Continental Drift theory -primary - secondary - tertiary - continental crust- oceanic crust-wedgner theory- mid oceanic ridges - Earth movement- fault: normal & reverse -
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Global Access
Join in the discovery of submarine volcanic systems, where brilliantly-colored organisms cluster around hot, volcanic vents in the earth's crust, at depths where sunlight can't penetrate. The VISIONS '05 ocean expedition, led by co-chief scientists and University of Washington Professors of Oceanography John R. Delaney and Deborah S. Kelley, involves several complex research projects being conducted by scientists and REVEL Project science teachers from institutions in the U.S. and Canada. The research includes a multidisciplinary project funded by the W. M. Keck Foundation to investigate the links between seismic deformation of the oceanic crust, venting of nutrient-rich fluids at the seafloor, and microbial productivity. The expedition leaders also describe the concept for a regional ocea... -
19. Ocean Bathymetry and Water Properties
The Atmosphere, the Ocean and Environmental Change (GG 140) Plate tectonics and ocean bathymetry are discussed. Bathymetry is the study of ocean depth, which is affected in some regions by plate tectonics and mantle dynamics. Mid-ocean ridges are formed at plate boundaries where mantle material is rising to the ocean crust and solidifying as it cools to form new ocean crust material. Seamounts are volcanoes that have formed from molten mantle material pushing up through the ocean crust, but these volcanoes lie below sea level. These features are measured using acoustic depth profiling. Ocean water properties, such as temperature and salinity, as well as the methods used to measure them are also discussed. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Plate Tectonics 17:12 - Chapter 2. Ocean Bathymetry 2... -
Mariana trench - The deepest point on earth is explored
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres (1,580 mi) long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres (43 mi). It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10,994 m (± 40 m) or 6.831 mi (36,070 ± 131 ft) at the Challenger Deep, a small slot-shaped valley in its floor, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11.03 kilometres (6.85 mi). At the bottom of the trench the water column above exerts a pressure of 1,086 bars (15,750 psi), over 1000 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. At this pressure, the density of water is increased by 4.96%, making 95 litres of water under the press... -
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Life at the Extreme
One of the most profound oceanic discoveries in the past 20 years is the dense and diverse biological communities, thriving in the absence of sunlight, that are supported by gases released from submarine volcanoes thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean. Ongoing research at these towering seafloor vent structures has significantly changed the way we think about life on our planet and has led to a growing recognition that the subsurface biomass within the oceanic crust may rival that of the earth's entire surface. The VISIONS '05 ocean expedition focuses on microbial fluxes during sub-seafloor earthquakes, the limits to life in extreme environments, and the chemical exchanges that support microbial and macrobial life. Teachers with the REVEL Project join oceanographers on the cru... -
Thermal History of Planetary Objects and Exoplanets - Tilmann Spohn (SETI Talks)
SETI Talks archive: http://seti.org/talks Speaker: Tilman Spohn, Director of the Institute for Planetary Research at DLR, Berlin Abstract: Convection in the interiors of planetesimals (asteroids), planets, and satellites is driving the thermal and chemical evolution of these bodies including the generation of possible magnetic fields. The wide size range induces a wide range of time scales from hundreds of thousands of years for small planetesimals to a few tens of Gigayears for massive super-Earths. Dr Spohn will present a model that includes mantle convection, mantle water vapor degassing at mid-oceanic ridges and regassing through subduction zones, continental crust formation and erosion and water storage and transport in a porous oceanic crust that includes hydrous mineral phases. ... -
Explaining the Expanding Earth - With Peter Woodhead - Part 1
For the article by Peter Woodhead click: http://tinyurl.com/expearthpw for that "Part 2" Article click: http://tinyurl.com/expearthpw2 For the Part 2 Video click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iIWYYNkgJQ ============== A subject not well known to many is that of the "Growing or Expanding Earth" theory. Even going back to the late 17th century two of the giants of astronomy, Edmond Halley and Sir Isaac Newton believed the Earth and other planets to be hollow. In his development of the model for the universal constant for gravity G, did Newton consider that as a constant, this force would act the same way for all solid and all hollow planets? Today, the foremost exponents are Dr. James Maxlow PhD . and Neal Adams . They, in turn, have followed on from previous researchers... -
Expanding-Earth Conclusive Geometric Proof
Two stage Model of Expanding-Earth (using household items). 100% and 75% stages shown. Note the radius of the earth can be reduced by up to 52% not 64% (see James Maxlow @ http://bit.ly/JIn5v5 ). I have since been informed that what I thought was "all submerged Continental-Crust East of Australia" is in some parts unidentified (the 2008 map by NOAA shows the proper extents @ http://1.usa.gov/I54IVp ). The oldest parts of the Oceanic-Crust are 7% of the Continental-Crust (and 6% of the age of the Earth). The first record of an Expanding-Earth occurs 100 Years after the Global-Flood (see timeline @ http://bit.ly/tq8dRm ) in Genesis 10v25 "And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan." the events imme... -
The Deepest Ocean In The World Marianas Trench - National Geographic HD - Documentary films 2015
Mariana Trench The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana 21 KB (2,337 words) - 15:49, 24 April 2015 Mariana Islands of the island chain, forms the noted Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth's oceans and lowest part of the surface of the Earth's crust. In this 21 KB (2,694 words) - 21:22, 22 April 2015 Oceanic trench The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor 39 KB (4,993 words) - 20:09, 11 March 2015 Sea (redirect from World-ocean) "Scientists map Mariana Trench, deepest known section of ocean in the world". The Telegraph. 7 D... -
Lecture - Melt transport in the mantle
At Mid-ocean spreading ridges where lithospheric plates moves away from each other, material from mantle rises upwards to form a new oceanic crust. Peter Kelemen (Columbia University) reviews his past work on the melt transport in the mantle and propose that it is organized in a similar way as drainage networks formed by surficial erosion. -
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting Abstract: http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2012/FM/V22A-01.html One characteristic feature of the Earth is the bimodal height distribution at the surface. This is caused by the difference both in density and thickness of the crust. Two types of crust on the Earth, the oceanic and continental crusts, have been created at divergent and convergent plate boundaries, respectively, via. plate tectonics. The bulk composition of continental crust is andesitic (60 wt.% SiO2), in marked contrast with the basaltic oceanic crust with ∼50 wt.% SiO2. This raises the question of how intra-oceanic arcs produce continental crust if the dominant product of mantle wedge melting and a major proportion... -
The History of Ice Age Era's
An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of cold climate are termed "glacial periods" (or alternatively "glacials" or "glaciations" or colloquially as "ice age"), and intermittent warm periods are called "interglacials". Glaciologically, ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres. By this definition, we are in an interglacial period—the holocene—of the ice age that began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch, because the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets still exist. The causes of ice ages are not fully unders... -
Is a New Ice Age Approaching (Documentary)
An inquiry into whether the dramatic weather changes in America's northern states mean that a new ice age is approaching. The causes of ice ages are not fully understood for either the large-scale ice age periods or the smaller ebb and flow of glacial--interglacial periods within an ice age. The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition, such as the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane (the specific levels of the previously mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from EPICA Dome C in Antarctica over the past 800,000 years ); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles; the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on t... -
Moon 101. 05. The Lunar Crust
Dr. Gary Lofgren discusses the current understanding of the crust of the Moon. The presentation begins with a brief overview of the Moon's surface, and discusses the prevailing Magma Ocean Theory resulting in the formation of the primary, or original, lunar crust. The crust was subsequently modified by impact bombardment and volcanic activity. Compositional variations in the lunar crust are then described as three major terrains: Procellarum KREEP terrain, Feldspathic Highlands terrain, and the South Pole-Aitken basin terrain. It is noted that studying rock samples is the key to understanding the lunar crust. The presentation then focuses on the characteristics and ages of the major rock types found on the Moon: basaltic rocks from mare lava flows, anorthositic rocks in the lunar highlands... -
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Jeff Karson- Discovering the Deep Oceans-Guest Night lecture
Dr. Jeff Karson, Syracuse University Professor of Earth Science, spoke in a featured presentation at the Houston Geological Society 2015 Guest Night June 6. Karson discusses the geology of seafloor spreading centers and intrusion of basalt into the mid ocean rifts. Dr. Karson is an author on a new 2015 book “Discovering the Deep: An Photographic Atlas of the Seafloor and Ocean Crust” just published by Cambridge University Press, in May 2015. Jeff Karson has been Chief Scientist and Co-Chief Scientist on multiple deep sea ALVIN DSV-2 missions from 1990-2005. The “ALVIN” is a three person operated deep-ocean research submersible operated by Woods Hole Institute that is accompanied by smaller remote operated vehicles (ROV) which conduct photography and sampling at ocean depths below 10,000 ft... -
Our Moon From Formation to Asteroid Target: Message for Life on Earth by Norman Sleep
View with Slides at http://slideslive.com/38895426/our-moon-from-formation-to-asteroid-target-message-for-life-on-earth The present Earth-Moon system formed in the aftermath of the impact of a Mars-sized body on our planet. The Earth was then mostly melted and the Moon accreted from a ring of vapor and liquid orbiting the Earth. Part of the impactor’s core ended up in the Moon-forming disk around the Earth. Iron metal within the disk was partly oxidized by ferric iron and water. Metallic iron remained and this formed our Moon’s small core, and about 2% of the impactor’s core ended up within Earth’s mantle. It is conceivable that early asteroid bombardment on the Earth was relatively benign and that planet sterilizing impact never occurred. A dense CO2 atmosphere blanketed Earth within ab... -
Liberty Gold and the Yellowstone Hotspot
Central Washington University geology professor Nick Zentner presents “Yellowstone Hot Spot & Liberty Gold: Is There a Connection?”. An old oceanic terrane, Siletzia, is the key to the lecture. The Yellowstone Hot Spot created Siletzia offshore 55 million years ago, and its accretion to the Pacific Northwest crust set the stage for gold deposition in Liberty, Washington. 280 folks attended this lecture at the Hal Holmes Center in downtown, Ellensburg, Washington. February 17, 2016. -
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone. Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been ... -
Marianas Trench - The deepest part of the world's oceans
Following experts as they launch a mission to explore the Marianas Trench, which is located in the Pacific Ocean and is more than six miles deep. Scientists consider the geology that has created this scar along the ocean floor. The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres (1,580 mi) long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres (43 mi). It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10,994 m (± 40 m) or 6.831 mi (36,070 ± 131 ft) at the Challenger Deep, a small slot-shaped valley in its floor, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11.03 kilometres (6.85 mi). At the bottom of the trench the wat... -
EPS 200 -- Plate Tectonics Part 1
Introduction to mafic (ocean crust and mantle) and felsic (continental crust) rock and continent/continent convergent plate boundaries. -
TechKnow - Deep sea gold rush
Oceans cover 70 percent of the earth's surface, but only a fraction of the undersea world has been explored. On this episode of TechKnow, Phil Torres joins a team of scientists on a special expedition to explore and uncover the mysteries at the bottom of the ocean floor. "What we are doing is similar to astronauts and planetary scientists just trying to study life on another planet," says Beth Orcutt, a senior research scientist. The journey begins in Costa Rica aboard the R/V Atlantis, a research vessel operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. From there, Phil gets the chance to take a dive with Alvin, a deep-water submersible capable of taking explorers down to 6,000 metres (20,000 feet) under the sea. Commissioned in 1964, Alvin has a celebrated history, locating an une... -
The World's Most Fascinating Fossils, Rocks, and Minerals: Earth Science Introduction (1998)
Earth science or geoscience is an all-encompassing term that refers to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. It can be considered to be a branch of planetary science, but with a much older history. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. The formal discipline of Earth sciences may include the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Typically, Earth scientists will use tools from physics, chemistry, biology, chronology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how the Earth system works, and how it evolved to its current state. The following fields of science are generally categorized within the Earth sciences: Geography specifically Physical Geography covers aspects of geomorphology, soil study, hydrology...
Geography by Gangatharan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 110:22
- Updated: 02 Apr 2014
- views: 1132
Continental Drift theory -primary - secondary - tertiary - continental crust- oceanic crust-wedgner theory- mid oceanic ridges - Earth movement- fault: normal &...
Continental Drift theory -primary - secondary - tertiary - continental crust- oceanic crust-wedgner theory- mid oceanic ridges - Earth movement- fault: normal & reverse
wn.com/Geography By Gangatharan
Continental Drift theory -primary - secondary - tertiary - continental crust- oceanic crust-wedgner theory- mid oceanic ridges - Earth movement- fault: normal & reverse
- published: 02 Apr 2014
- views: 1132
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Global Access
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 88:02
- Updated: 18 Dec 2013
- views: 4916
Join in the discovery of submarine volcanic systems, where brilliantly-colored organisms cluster around hot, volcanic vents in the earth's crust, at depths wher...
Join in the discovery of submarine volcanic systems, where brilliantly-colored organisms cluster around hot, volcanic vents in the earth's crust, at depths where sunlight can't penetrate. The VISIONS '05 ocean expedition, led by co-chief scientists and University of Washington Professors of Oceanography John R. Delaney and Deborah S. Kelley, involves several complex research projects being conducted by scientists and REVEL Project science teachers from institutions in the U.S. and Canada. The research includes a multidisciplinary project funded by the W. M. Keck Foundation to investigate the links between seismic deformation of the oceanic crust, venting of nutrient-rich fluids at the seafloor, and microbial productivity. The expedition leaders also describe the concept for a regional ocean observatory - linking undersea data monitoring stations via a fiber network to science labs on land. Images from the ocean floor are captured with an HD underwater camera mounted on the robotic JASON-II vehicle.
John Delaney, School of Oceanography, NEPTUNE program director, Jerome M. Paros Endowed Chair for Sensor Networks, University of Washington
Deborah Kelley, professor, School of Oceanography, University of Washington
09/27/05
wn.com/Expedition To The Underwater Volcanoes Of The Northeast Pacific Global Access
Join in the discovery of submarine volcanic systems, where brilliantly-colored organisms cluster around hot, volcanic vents in the earth's crust, at depths where sunlight can't penetrate. The VISIONS '05 ocean expedition, led by co-chief scientists and University of Washington Professors of Oceanography John R. Delaney and Deborah S. Kelley, involves several complex research projects being conducted by scientists and REVEL Project science teachers from institutions in the U.S. and Canada. The research includes a multidisciplinary project funded by the W. M. Keck Foundation to investigate the links between seismic deformation of the oceanic crust, venting of nutrient-rich fluids at the seafloor, and microbial productivity. The expedition leaders also describe the concept for a regional ocean observatory - linking undersea data monitoring stations via a fiber network to science labs on land. Images from the ocean floor are captured with an HD underwater camera mounted on the robotic JASON-II vehicle.
John Delaney, School of Oceanography, NEPTUNE program director, Jerome M. Paros Endowed Chair for Sensor Networks, University of Washington
Deborah Kelley, professor, School of Oceanography, University of Washington
09/27/05
- published: 18 Dec 2013
- views: 4916
19. Ocean Bathymetry and Water Properties
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:37
- Updated: 05 Apr 2012
- views: 7404
The Atmosphere, the Ocean and Environmental Change (GG 140)
Plate tectonics and ocean bathymetry are discussed. Bathymetry is the study of ocean depth, whic...
The Atmosphere, the Ocean and Environmental Change (GG 140)
Plate tectonics and ocean bathymetry are discussed. Bathymetry is the study of ocean depth, which is affected in some regions by plate tectonics and mantle dynamics. Mid-ocean ridges are formed at plate boundaries where mantle material is rising to the ocean crust and solidifying as it cools to form new ocean crust material. Seamounts are volcanoes that have formed from molten mantle material pushing up through the ocean crust, but these volcanoes lie below sea level. These features are measured using acoustic depth profiling. Ocean water properties, such as temperature and salinity, as well as the methods used to measure them are also discussed.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Plate Tectonics
17:12 - Chapter 2. Ocean Bathymetry
26:23 - Chapter 3. Atlantic Ocean Bathymetry
28:01 - Chapter 4. Pacific Ocean Bathymetry
28:50 - Chapter 5. Indian Ocean Bathymetry
29:16 - Chapter 6. Arctic Ocean Bathymetry
30:00 - Chapter 7. Measuring Ocean Surface Water Properties
37:37 - Chapter 8. Measuring Deep Water Properties
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2011.
wn.com/19. Ocean Bathymetry And Water Properties
The Atmosphere, the Ocean and Environmental Change (GG 140)
Plate tectonics and ocean bathymetry are discussed. Bathymetry is the study of ocean depth, which is affected in some regions by plate tectonics and mantle dynamics. Mid-ocean ridges are formed at plate boundaries where mantle material is rising to the ocean crust and solidifying as it cools to form new ocean crust material. Seamounts are volcanoes that have formed from molten mantle material pushing up through the ocean crust, but these volcanoes lie below sea level. These features are measured using acoustic depth profiling. Ocean water properties, such as temperature and salinity, as well as the methods used to measure them are also discussed.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Plate Tectonics
17:12 - Chapter 2. Ocean Bathymetry
26:23 - Chapter 3. Atlantic Ocean Bathymetry
28:01 - Chapter 4. Pacific Ocean Bathymetry
28:50 - Chapter 5. Indian Ocean Bathymetry
29:16 - Chapter 6. Arctic Ocean Bathymetry
30:00 - Chapter 7. Measuring Ocean Surface Water Properties
37:37 - Chapter 8. Measuring Deep Water Properties
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2011.
- published: 05 Apr 2012
- views: 7404
Mariana trench - The deepest point on earth is explored
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:44
- Updated: 24 Nov 2015
- views: 138
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands....
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres (1,580 mi) long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres (43 mi). It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10,994 m (± 40 m) or 6.831 mi (36,070 ± 131 ft) at the Challenger Deep, a small slot-shaped valley in its floor, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11.03 kilometres (6.85 mi).
At the bottom of the trench the water column above exerts a pressure of 1,086 bars (15,750 psi), over 1000 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. At this pressure, the density of water is increased by 4.96%, making 95 litres of water under the pressure of the Challenger Deep contain the same mass as 100 litres at the surface. The temperature at the bottom is 1 to 4 °C.
The trench is not the part of the seafloor closest to the center of the Earth. This is because the Earth is not a perfect sphere; its radius is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) less at the poles than at the equator. As a result, parts of the Arctic Ocean seabed are at least 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) closer to the Earth's center than the Challenger Deep seafloor.
Xenophyophores have been found in the trench by Scripps Institution of Oceanography researchers at a record depth of 10.6 km (6.6 mi) below the sea surface. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested microbial life forms thrive within the trench
The Mariana Trench is named for the nearby Mariana Islands (in turn named Las Marianas in honor of Spanish Queen Mariana of Austria, widow of Philip IV of Spain). The islands are part of the island arc that is formed on an over-riding plate, called the Mariana Plate (also named for the islands), on the western side of the trench.
The Mariana Trench is part of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction system that forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. In this system, the western edge of one plate, the Pacific Plate, is subducted (i.e., thrust) beneath the smaller Mariana Plate that lies to the west. Crustal material at the western edge of the Pacific Plate is some of the oldest oceanic crust on earth (up to 170 million years old), and is therefore cooler and more dense; hence its great height difference relative to the higher-riding (and younger) Mariana Plate. The deepest area at the plate boundary is the Mariana Trench proper.
The movement of the Pacific and Mariana plates is also indirectly responsible for the formation of the Mariana Islands. These volcanic islands are caused by flux melting of the upper mantle due to release of water that is trapped in minerals of the subducted portion of the Pacific Plate.
wn.com/Mariana Trench The Deepest Point On Earth Is Explored
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres (1,580 mi) long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres (43 mi). It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10,994 m (± 40 m) or 6.831 mi (36,070 ± 131 ft) at the Challenger Deep, a small slot-shaped valley in its floor, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11.03 kilometres (6.85 mi).
At the bottom of the trench the water column above exerts a pressure of 1,086 bars (15,750 psi), over 1000 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. At this pressure, the density of water is increased by 4.96%, making 95 litres of water under the pressure of the Challenger Deep contain the same mass as 100 litres at the surface. The temperature at the bottom is 1 to 4 °C.
The trench is not the part of the seafloor closest to the center of the Earth. This is because the Earth is not a perfect sphere; its radius is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) less at the poles than at the equator. As a result, parts of the Arctic Ocean seabed are at least 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) closer to the Earth's center than the Challenger Deep seafloor.
Xenophyophores have been found in the trench by Scripps Institution of Oceanography researchers at a record depth of 10.6 km (6.6 mi) below the sea surface. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested microbial life forms thrive within the trench
The Mariana Trench is named for the nearby Mariana Islands (in turn named Las Marianas in honor of Spanish Queen Mariana of Austria, widow of Philip IV of Spain). The islands are part of the island arc that is formed on an over-riding plate, called the Mariana Plate (also named for the islands), on the western side of the trench.
The Mariana Trench is part of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction system that forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. In this system, the western edge of one plate, the Pacific Plate, is subducted (i.e., thrust) beneath the smaller Mariana Plate that lies to the west. Crustal material at the western edge of the Pacific Plate is some of the oldest oceanic crust on earth (up to 170 million years old), and is therefore cooler and more dense; hence its great height difference relative to the higher-riding (and younger) Mariana Plate. The deepest area at the plate boundary is the Mariana Trench proper.
The movement of the Pacific and Mariana plates is also indirectly responsible for the formation of the Mariana Islands. These volcanic islands are caused by flux melting of the upper mantle due to release of water that is trapped in minerals of the subducted portion of the Pacific Plate.
- published: 24 Nov 2015
- views: 138
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Life at the Extreme
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:45
- Updated: 18 Dec 2013
- views: 870
One of the most profound oceanic discoveries in the past 20 years is the dense and diverse biological communities, thriving in the absence of sunlight, that are...
One of the most profound oceanic discoveries in the past 20 years is the dense and diverse biological communities, thriving in the absence of sunlight, that are supported by gases released from submarine volcanoes thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean. Ongoing research at these towering seafloor vent structures has significantly changed the way we think about life on our planet and has led to a growing recognition that the subsurface biomass within the oceanic crust may rival that of the earth's entire surface. The VISIONS '05 ocean expedition focuses on microbial fluxes during sub-seafloor earthquakes, the limits to life in extreme environments, and the chemical exchanges that support microbial and macrobial life. Teachers with the REVEL Project join oceanographers on the cruise to gain insights into how science research is conducted, relaying their shipboard experiences to students in the classroom.
John Delaney, School of Oceanography, NEPTUNE program director, Jerome M. Paros Endowed Chair for Sensor Networks, University of Washington
Deborah Kelley, professor, School of Oceanography, University of Washington
09/28/05
wn.com/Expedition To The Underwater Volcanoes Of The Northeast Pacific Life At The Extreme
One of the most profound oceanic discoveries in the past 20 years is the dense and diverse biological communities, thriving in the absence of sunlight, that are supported by gases released from submarine volcanoes thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean. Ongoing research at these towering seafloor vent structures has significantly changed the way we think about life on our planet and has led to a growing recognition that the subsurface biomass within the oceanic crust may rival that of the earth's entire surface. The VISIONS '05 ocean expedition focuses on microbial fluxes during sub-seafloor earthquakes, the limits to life in extreme environments, and the chemical exchanges that support microbial and macrobial life. Teachers with the REVEL Project join oceanographers on the cruise to gain insights into how science research is conducted, relaying their shipboard experiences to students in the classroom.
John Delaney, School of Oceanography, NEPTUNE program director, Jerome M. Paros Endowed Chair for Sensor Networks, University of Washington
Deborah Kelley, professor, School of Oceanography, University of Washington
09/28/05
- published: 18 Dec 2013
- views: 870
Thermal History of Planetary Objects and Exoplanets - Tilmann Spohn (SETI Talks)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 62:01
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
- views: 2263
SETI Talks archive: http://seti.org/talks
Speaker: Tilman Spohn, Director of the Institute for Planetary Research at DLR, Berlin
Abstract:
Convection in the i...
SETI Talks archive: http://seti.org/talks
Speaker: Tilman Spohn, Director of the Institute for Planetary Research at DLR, Berlin
Abstract:
Convection in the interiors of planetesimals (asteroids), planets, and satellites is driving the thermal and chemical evolution of these bodies including the generation of possible magnetic fields. The wide size range induces a wide range of time scales from hundreds of thousands of years for small planetesimals to a few tens of Gigayears for massive super-Earths.
Dr Spohn will present a model that includes mantle convection, mantle water vapor degassing at mid-oceanic ridges and regassing through subduction zones, continental crust formation and erosion and water storage and transport in a porous oceanic crust that includes hydrous mineral phases.
Dr. Spohn will show how an abiotic world is predicted to have a much drier mantle than the present Earth but may have a similar surface coverage by continents. The reduced rate of continental crust production on the abiotic world would be balanced by a reduced rate of continent erosion. He will suggest that through the effect of water on the mantle rheology, the biotic world would tend to be tectonically more active and have a more rapid long-term carbon-silicate cycle.
wn.com/Thermal History Of Planetary Objects And Exoplanets Tilmann Spohn (Seti Talks)
SETI Talks archive: http://seti.org/talks
Speaker: Tilman Spohn, Director of the Institute for Planetary Research at DLR, Berlin
Abstract:
Convection in the interiors of planetesimals (asteroids), planets, and satellites is driving the thermal and chemical evolution of these bodies including the generation of possible magnetic fields. The wide size range induces a wide range of time scales from hundreds of thousands of years for small planetesimals to a few tens of Gigayears for massive super-Earths.
Dr Spohn will present a model that includes mantle convection, mantle water vapor degassing at mid-oceanic ridges and regassing through subduction zones, continental crust formation and erosion and water storage and transport in a porous oceanic crust that includes hydrous mineral phases.
Dr. Spohn will show how an abiotic world is predicted to have a much drier mantle than the present Earth but may have a similar surface coverage by continents. The reduced rate of continental crust production on the abiotic world would be balanced by a reduced rate of continent erosion. He will suggest that through the effect of water on the mantle rheology, the biotic world would tend to be tectonically more active and have a more rapid long-term carbon-silicate cycle.
- published: 16 Aug 2013
- views: 2263
Explaining the Expanding Earth - With Peter Woodhead - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:18
- Updated: 12 Jun 2014
- views: 29620
For the article by Peter Woodhead click:
http://tinyurl.com/expearthpw
for that "Part 2" Article click:
http://tinyurl.com/expearthpw2
For the Part 2 Video...
For the article by Peter Woodhead click:
http://tinyurl.com/expearthpw
for that "Part 2" Article click:
http://tinyurl.com/expearthpw2
For the Part 2 Video click here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iIWYYNkgJQ
==============
A subject not well known to many is that of the "Growing or Expanding Earth" theory.
Even going back to the late 17th century two of the giants of astronomy, Edmond Halley and Sir Isaac Newton believed the Earth and other planets to be hollow. In his development of the model for the universal constant for gravity G, did Newton consider that as a constant, this force would act the same way for all solid and all hollow planets?
Today, the foremost exponents are Dr. James Maxlow PhD . and Neal Adams . They, in turn, have followed on from previous researchers dating back to the nineteenth century -- for example I.O. Yarkovskii (1888), Otto Hildenberg (1933) and Klaus Vogel (1983) being, perhaps, the best known. Many others have contributed during the 1960's Brosske, Barnett, Creer, Shields.
The researchers mentioned above have produced compelling models showing that the earth has expanded in size over millions of years, but they failed to produce an acceptable mechanism for Earth's expansion.
In this video, recorded in Lancs, UK on 08 Apr 2014, Peter Woodhead discusses his theory as to the likely mechanism behind the Earth's expansion.
See the link above for the full article - in PDF form here:
http://tinyurl.com/expearthpwpdf
New Scientist Article:
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25723-massive-ocean-discovered-towards-earths-core.html#.U513ZbFQZV8
References:
Expansion Tectonics - http://www.jamesmaxlow.com/main/
http://www.nealadams.com/index.php/science/neal-adams-science-videos
http://www.expanding-Earth.org/page_7.htm
http://understandEarth.com/Earth%20Expansion%201.htm
http://historyofgeology.fieldofscience.com/2011/01/expandinggrowing-Earth.html
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/wegener.html
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap1-Pioneers-of-Plate-Tectonics/Vine-and-Matthews
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJfBSc6e7QQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePyU7cyMT_k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zy3_sWF7tv4
http://www.jamesmaxlow.com/main/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE;_user_op=view_page&PAGE;_id=8&MMN;_position=7:4
http://www.jamesmaxlow.com/pdf/WhatIsEarthExpansion.pdf
http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/lessons/indiv/davis/inprogress/QuakesEng3.html
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/Earth/magnetic.html
http://www.thunderbolts.info/webnews/121707electricsun.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130718142726.htm
http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/jul/19/radioactive-decay-accounts-for-half-of-Earths-heat
http://www.thunderbolts.info/webnews/121707electricsun.htm
http://www.aoi.com.au/bcw/FixedorExpandingEarth.htm
http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2003/12/10_heat.shtml
http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/jul/19/radioactive-decay-accounts-for-half-of-Earths-heat
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/space_gardens_feature.html and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeMzOhoJpfw
http://www.nature.com/news/tiny-diamond-impurity-reveals-water-riches-of-deep-Earth-1.14862 Pearson, D. G. et al. Nature 507, 221--224 (2014).
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/continents/Land.shtml
http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/JO/pdf/4903/49030249.pdf , P255.
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/ocean_age/data/2008/image/age_oceanic_lith.jpg
http://www.expanding-Earth.org/page_19.htm
http://www.jamesmaxlow.com/main/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE;_user_op=view_page&PAGE;_id=5
http://www.nature.com/news/tiny-diamond-impurity-reveals-water-riches-of-deep-Earth-1.14862
http://www.ncgt.org/newsletter.php?action=download&id;=43
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/04/080430112530.htm, http://Earthquake.usgs.gov/research/structure/crust/index.php
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/424497/oceanic-crust
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceandepth.html
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/vents.html
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/how-hot-lava
http://www.dinox.org/redgravity.html
http://www.dinox.org/bookdetails.html
http://www.ancient-world-mysteries.com/360-days-Earth-year.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBT8KyWVxj8
http://ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo1_ocean_volumes.html
http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1322/
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-309
http://phys.org/news/2010-12-cassini-images-bright-jets-enceladus.html#nRlv
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassiniscienceleague/science20091207/
http://www.space.com/17470-neptune-moon-triton-subsurface-ocean.html
http://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1734
wn.com/Explaining The Expanding Earth With Peter Woodhead Part 1
For the article by Peter Woodhead click:
http://tinyurl.com/expearthpw
for that "Part 2" Article click:
http://tinyurl.com/expearthpw2
For the Part 2 Video click here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iIWYYNkgJQ
==============
A subject not well known to many is that of the "Growing or Expanding Earth" theory.
Even going back to the late 17th century two of the giants of astronomy, Edmond Halley and Sir Isaac Newton believed the Earth and other planets to be hollow. In his development of the model for the universal constant for gravity G, did Newton consider that as a constant, this force would act the same way for all solid and all hollow planets?
Today, the foremost exponents are Dr. James Maxlow PhD . and Neal Adams . They, in turn, have followed on from previous researchers dating back to the nineteenth century -- for example I.O. Yarkovskii (1888), Otto Hildenberg (1933) and Klaus Vogel (1983) being, perhaps, the best known. Many others have contributed during the 1960's Brosske, Barnett, Creer, Shields.
The researchers mentioned above have produced compelling models showing that the earth has expanded in size over millions of years, but they failed to produce an acceptable mechanism for Earth's expansion.
In this video, recorded in Lancs, UK on 08 Apr 2014, Peter Woodhead discusses his theory as to the likely mechanism behind the Earth's expansion.
See the link above for the full article - in PDF form here:
http://tinyurl.com/expearthpwpdf
New Scientist Article:
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25723-massive-ocean-discovered-towards-earths-core.html#.U513ZbFQZV8
References:
Expansion Tectonics - http://www.jamesmaxlow.com/main/
http://www.nealadams.com/index.php/science/neal-adams-science-videos
http://www.expanding-Earth.org/page_7.htm
http://understandEarth.com/Earth%20Expansion%201.htm
http://historyofgeology.fieldofscience.com/2011/01/expandinggrowing-Earth.html
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/wegener.html
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap1-Pioneers-of-Plate-Tectonics/Vine-and-Matthews
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJfBSc6e7QQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePyU7cyMT_k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zy3_sWF7tv4
http://www.jamesmaxlow.com/main/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE;_user_op=view_page&PAGE;_id=8&MMN;_position=7:4
http://www.jamesmaxlow.com/pdf/WhatIsEarthExpansion.pdf
http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/lessons/indiv/davis/inprogress/QuakesEng3.html
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/Earth/magnetic.html
http://www.thunderbolts.info/webnews/121707electricsun.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130718142726.htm
http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/jul/19/radioactive-decay-accounts-for-half-of-Earths-heat
http://www.thunderbolts.info/webnews/121707electricsun.htm
http://www.aoi.com.au/bcw/FixedorExpandingEarth.htm
http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2003/12/10_heat.shtml
http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/jul/19/radioactive-decay-accounts-for-half-of-Earths-heat
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/space_gardens_feature.html and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeMzOhoJpfw
http://www.nature.com/news/tiny-diamond-impurity-reveals-water-riches-of-deep-Earth-1.14862 Pearson, D. G. et al. Nature 507, 221--224 (2014).
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/continents/Land.shtml
http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/JO/pdf/4903/49030249.pdf , P255.
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/ocean_age/data/2008/image/age_oceanic_lith.jpg
http://www.expanding-Earth.org/page_19.htm
http://www.jamesmaxlow.com/main/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE;_user_op=view_page&PAGE;_id=5
http://www.nature.com/news/tiny-diamond-impurity-reveals-water-riches-of-deep-Earth-1.14862
http://www.ncgt.org/newsletter.php?action=download&id;=43
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/04/080430112530.htm, http://Earthquake.usgs.gov/research/structure/crust/index.php
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/424497/oceanic-crust
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceandepth.html
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/vents.html
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/how-hot-lava
http://www.dinox.org/redgravity.html
http://www.dinox.org/bookdetails.html
http://www.ancient-world-mysteries.com/360-days-Earth-year.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBT8KyWVxj8
http://ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo1_ocean_volumes.html
http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1322/
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-309
http://phys.org/news/2010-12-cassini-images-bright-jets-enceladus.html#nRlv
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassiniscienceleague/science20091207/
http://www.space.com/17470-neptune-moon-triton-subsurface-ocean.html
http://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1734
- published: 12 Jun 2014
- views: 29620
Expanding-Earth Conclusive Geometric Proof
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:09
- Updated: 19 Jun 2013
- views: 16792
Two stage Model of Expanding-Earth (using household items).
100% and 75% stages shown.
Note the radius of the earth can be reduced by up to 52% not 64% (see Ja...
Two stage Model of Expanding-Earth (using household items).
100% and 75% stages shown.
Note the radius of the earth can be reduced by up to 52% not 64% (see James Maxlow @ http://bit.ly/JIn5v5 ). I have since been informed that what I thought was "all submerged Continental-Crust East of Australia" is in some parts unidentified (the 2008 map by NOAA shows the proper extents @ http://1.usa.gov/I54IVp ). The oldest parts of the Oceanic-Crust are 7% of the Continental-Crust (and 6% of the age of the Earth).
The first record of an Expanding-Earth occurs 100 Years after the Global-Flood (see timeline @ http://bit.ly/tq8dRm ) in Genesis 10v25 "And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan." the events immediately prior to the Global-Flood being the initiator of the expansion (see Genesis 7v11)
Spherical Trigonometry and computer modelling go to...
http://www.dinox.org/expandingearth.html
Video - 'Subduction is a Lie'
http://bit.ly/16Xpyid
Video - 'Stephen Hawking you are wrong!'
http://bit.ly/15lfFzR
wn.com/Expanding Earth Conclusive Geometric Proof
Two stage Model of Expanding-Earth (using household items).
100% and 75% stages shown.
Note the radius of the earth can be reduced by up to 52% not 64% (see James Maxlow @ http://bit.ly/JIn5v5 ). I have since been informed that what I thought was "all submerged Continental-Crust East of Australia" is in some parts unidentified (the 2008 map by NOAA shows the proper extents @ http://1.usa.gov/I54IVp ). The oldest parts of the Oceanic-Crust are 7% of the Continental-Crust (and 6% of the age of the Earth).
The first record of an Expanding-Earth occurs 100 Years after the Global-Flood (see timeline @ http://bit.ly/tq8dRm ) in Genesis 10v25 "And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan." the events immediately prior to the Global-Flood being the initiator of the expansion (see Genesis 7v11)
Spherical Trigonometry and computer modelling go to...
http://www.dinox.org/expandingearth.html
Video - 'Subduction is a Lie'
http://bit.ly/16Xpyid
Video - 'Stephen Hawking you are wrong!'
http://bit.ly/15lfFzR
- published: 19 Jun 2013
- views: 16792
The Deepest Ocean In The World Marianas Trench - National Geographic HD - Documentary films 2015
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:43
- Updated: 30 Apr 2015
- views: 4046
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of t...
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana
21 KB (2,337 words) - 15:49, 24 April 2015
Mariana Islands
of the island chain, forms the noted Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth's oceans and lowest part of the surface of the Earth's crust. In this
21 KB (2,694 words) - 21:22, 22 April 2015
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor
39 KB (4,993 words) - 20:09, 11 March 2015
Sea (redirect from World-ocean)
"Scientists map Mariana Trench, deepest known section of ocean in the world". The Telegraph. 7 December 2011. "Peru-Chile Trench". Encyclopedia Britannica
173 KB (20,855 words) - 06:55, 25 April 2015
Pacific Ocean
straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific. The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the world, reaching
45 KB (5,073 words) - 00:51, 15 April 2015
Ocean
2015-04-05. The oceans occupy about 3.35×108 km2 of area. There are 377412 km of oceanic coastlines in the world. "Scientists map Mariana Trench, deepest known
56 KB (5,470 words) - 18:16, 26 April 2015
Marine geology
the deepest parts of the ocean floor. The Mariana Trench (or Marianas Trench) is the deepest known submarine trench, and the deepest location in the Earth's
4 KB (408 words) - 17:43, 17 April 2015
Philippine Sea (category Marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean)
and the Mariana Trench, containing the deepest point on the planet. Play media Play media The Philippine Sea is bordered by the Philippines
8 KB (783 words) - 18:59, 24 April 2015
Challenger Deep (redirect from The deepest place in the ocean visited by a human)
bathymetry (see below). It is in the Pacific Ocean, at the southern end of the Mariana Trench near the Mariana Islands group. The Challenger Deep is a relatively
38 KB (4,543 words) - 13:02, 29 April 2015
Earth (redirect from World (geography))
location is Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean with a depth of 10,911.4 m. The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35×1018 metric
145 KB (14,519 words) - 08:48, 29 April 2015
Bacteria (section Significance in technology and industry)
bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported
128 KB (14,683 words) - 07:21, 29 April 2015
Nereus (underwater vehicle) (category Maritime incidents in 2014)
second-deepest-diving vehicle in operation at the time, and the first since 1998 to explore the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the ocean known. On
12 KB (1,306 words) - 17:05, 16 February 2015
Mariana
Spain Mariana Islands, in the north-western Pacific Ocean Mariana Islands earthquake, 2007 Mariana Lake, Alberta, Canada Mariana Trench, the deepest trench
2 KB (187 words) - 23:42, 23 March 2015
Seabed (redirect from Ocean floor)
oceanic trenches, lies between 6,000–11,000 metres (20,000–36,000 ft) and is the deepest oceanic zone. The acronym "mbsf" meaning "metres below the seafloor"
10 KB (1,123 words) - 15:46, 28 April 2015
Marine biology (redirect from Ocean ecology)
of detritus. The deepest recorded oceanic trench measured to date is the Mariana Trench, near the Philippines, in the Pacific Ocean at 10,924 m (35,840 ft)
29 KB (3,576 words) - 14:35, 29 April 2015
Deep sea (redirect from Deep ocean)
descended to the bottom of the Mariana Trench near Guam, at 35,798 feet or 6.77 miles (10,911 meters), the deepest spot in any ocean. If Mount Everest (8,848
14 KB (2,013 words) - 17:52, 24 April 2015
Ocean exploration
be the deepest point in the Mariana Trench. A depth of 10,915 meters was observed. 1969 The Ben Franklin (PX-15) drifts submerged for 30 days in the Gulf
Arctic Ocean
and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers
Hydrothermal vent (redirect from Ocean vent)
vents are less common. The world's deepest known black smokers are located in the Cayman Trough, 5,000 m (3.1 miles) below the ocean's surface. White smoker
Bathyscaphe Trieste (category Submarines of the United States Navy)
metres (35,797 ft), in the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans, the Challenger Deep, in the Mariana Trench near Guam in the Pacific. On 23 January
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=The+Deepest+Ocean+In+The+World+Marianas+Trench+&title;=Special%3ASearch&go;=Go
لقد أنشأت هذا الفيديو باستخدام محرر فيديو YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
wn.com/The Deepest Ocean In The World Marianas Trench National Geographic Hd Documentary Films 2015
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana
21 KB (2,337 words) - 15:49, 24 April 2015
Mariana Islands
of the island chain, forms the noted Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth's oceans and lowest part of the surface of the Earth's crust. In this
21 KB (2,694 words) - 21:22, 22 April 2015
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor
39 KB (4,993 words) - 20:09, 11 March 2015
Sea (redirect from World-ocean)
"Scientists map Mariana Trench, deepest known section of ocean in the world". The Telegraph. 7 December 2011. "Peru-Chile Trench". Encyclopedia Britannica
173 KB (20,855 words) - 06:55, 25 April 2015
Pacific Ocean
straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific. The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the world, reaching
45 KB (5,073 words) - 00:51, 15 April 2015
Ocean
2015-04-05. The oceans occupy about 3.35×108 km2 of area. There are 377412 km of oceanic coastlines in the world. "Scientists map Mariana Trench, deepest known
56 KB (5,470 words) - 18:16, 26 April 2015
Marine geology
the deepest parts of the ocean floor. The Mariana Trench (or Marianas Trench) is the deepest known submarine trench, and the deepest location in the Earth's
4 KB (408 words) - 17:43, 17 April 2015
Philippine Sea (category Marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean)
and the Mariana Trench, containing the deepest point on the planet. Play media Play media The Philippine Sea is bordered by the Philippines
8 KB (783 words) - 18:59, 24 April 2015
Challenger Deep (redirect from The deepest place in the ocean visited by a human)
bathymetry (see below). It is in the Pacific Ocean, at the southern end of the Mariana Trench near the Mariana Islands group. The Challenger Deep is a relatively
38 KB (4,543 words) - 13:02, 29 April 2015
Earth (redirect from World (geography))
location is Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean with a depth of 10,911.4 m. The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35×1018 metric
145 KB (14,519 words) - 08:48, 29 April 2015
Bacteria (section Significance in technology and industry)
bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported
128 KB (14,683 words) - 07:21, 29 April 2015
Nereus (underwater vehicle) (category Maritime incidents in 2014)
second-deepest-diving vehicle in operation at the time, and the first since 1998 to explore the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the ocean known. On
12 KB (1,306 words) - 17:05, 16 February 2015
Mariana
Spain Mariana Islands, in the north-western Pacific Ocean Mariana Islands earthquake, 2007 Mariana Lake, Alberta, Canada Mariana Trench, the deepest trench
2 KB (187 words) - 23:42, 23 March 2015
Seabed (redirect from Ocean floor)
oceanic trenches, lies between 6,000–11,000 metres (20,000–36,000 ft) and is the deepest oceanic zone. The acronym "mbsf" meaning "metres below the seafloor"
10 KB (1,123 words) - 15:46, 28 April 2015
Marine biology (redirect from Ocean ecology)
of detritus. The deepest recorded oceanic trench measured to date is the Mariana Trench, near the Philippines, in the Pacific Ocean at 10,924 m (35,840 ft)
29 KB (3,576 words) - 14:35, 29 April 2015
Deep sea (redirect from Deep ocean)
descended to the bottom of the Mariana Trench near Guam, at 35,798 feet or 6.77 miles (10,911 meters), the deepest spot in any ocean. If Mount Everest (8,848
14 KB (2,013 words) - 17:52, 24 April 2015
Ocean exploration
be the deepest point in the Mariana Trench. A depth of 10,915 meters was observed. 1969 The Ben Franklin (PX-15) drifts submerged for 30 days in the Gulf
Arctic Ocean
and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers
Hydrothermal vent (redirect from Ocean vent)
vents are less common. The world's deepest known black smokers are located in the Cayman Trough, 5,000 m (3.1 miles) below the ocean's surface. White smoker
Bathyscaphe Trieste (category Submarines of the United States Navy)
metres (35,797 ft), in the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans, the Challenger Deep, in the Mariana Trench near Guam in the Pacific. On 23 January
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=The+Deepest+Ocean+In+The+World+Marianas+Trench+&title;=Special%3ASearch&go;=Go
لقد أنشأت هذا الفيديو باستخدام محرر فيديو YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
- published: 30 Apr 2015
- views: 4046
Lecture - Melt transport in the mantle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 35:17
- Updated: 21 Jul 2012
- views: 218
At Mid-ocean spreading ridges where lithospheric plates moves away from each other, material from mantle rises upwards to form a new oceanic crust.
Peter Kelem...
At Mid-ocean spreading ridges where lithospheric plates moves away from each other, material from mantle rises upwards to form a new oceanic crust.
Peter Kelemen (Columbia University) reviews his past work on the melt transport in the mantle and propose that it is organized in a similar way as drainage networks formed by surficial erosion.
wn.com/Lecture Melt Transport In The Mantle
At Mid-ocean spreading ridges where lithospheric plates moves away from each other, material from mantle rises upwards to form a new oceanic crust.
Peter Kelemen (Columbia University) reviews his past work on the melt transport in the mantle and propose that it is organized in a similar way as drainage networks formed by surficial erosion.
- published: 21 Jul 2012
- views: 218
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:39
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
- views: 604
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting
Abstract:
http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2012/FM/...
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting
Abstract:
http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2012/FM/V22A-01.html
One characteristic feature of the Earth is the bimodal height distribution at the surface. This is caused by the difference both in density and thickness of the crust. Two types of crust on the Earth, the oceanic and continental crusts, have been created at divergent and convergent plate boundaries, respectively, via. plate tectonics. The bulk composition of continental crust is andesitic (60 wt.% SiO2), in marked contrast with the basaltic oceanic crust with ∼50 wt.% SiO2. This raises the question of how intra-oceanic arcs produce continental crust if the dominant product of mantle wedge melting and a major proportion of intra-oceanic arc lava is basaltic.The essential cause of operation of plate tectonics is the temperature difference within the mantle, which triggers mantle convection. The upper thermal boundary layer of this convection corresponds to the lithospheric plate, but behaves naturally as a stagnant-lid, i.e., the plate should not move. The presence of liquid water at the surface, on the other hand, strongly reduces the yield strength and could cause the fracture within the stagnant-lid, triggering the plate subsidence or subduction. Parameters that govern the presence and absence of liquid water on the terrestrial planets are: the distance from the Sun and the mass of a planet. A conclusion of this consideration would be that the Earth is a shore planet because of the presence of the ocean, which seems to be a conclusion of a Zen dialog.
Cite as: Author(s) (2012), Title, Abstract V22A-01 presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 3-7 Dec.
wn.com/Bowen Lecture V22A. The Andesite Problem Why Is This Planet To Be The Earth 2012 Agu Fall Meeting
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting
Abstract:
http://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2012/FM/V22A-01.html
One characteristic feature of the Earth is the bimodal height distribution at the surface. This is caused by the difference both in density and thickness of the crust. Two types of crust on the Earth, the oceanic and continental crusts, have been created at divergent and convergent plate boundaries, respectively, via. plate tectonics. The bulk composition of continental crust is andesitic (60 wt.% SiO2), in marked contrast with the basaltic oceanic crust with ∼50 wt.% SiO2. This raises the question of how intra-oceanic arcs produce continental crust if the dominant product of mantle wedge melting and a major proportion of intra-oceanic arc lava is basaltic.The essential cause of operation of plate tectonics is the temperature difference within the mantle, which triggers mantle convection. The upper thermal boundary layer of this convection corresponds to the lithospheric plate, but behaves naturally as a stagnant-lid, i.e., the plate should not move. The presence of liquid water at the surface, on the other hand, strongly reduces the yield strength and could cause the fracture within the stagnant-lid, triggering the plate subsidence or subduction. Parameters that govern the presence and absence of liquid water on the terrestrial planets are: the distance from the Sun and the mass of a planet. A conclusion of this consideration would be that the Earth is a shore planet because of the presence of the ocean, which seems to be a conclusion of a Zen dialog.
Cite as: Author(s) (2012), Title, Abstract V22A-01 presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 3-7 Dec.
- published: 05 Dec 2012
- views: 604
The History of Ice Age Era's
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:55
- Updated: 16 Feb 2015
- views: 72475
An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and po...
An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of cold climate are termed "glacial periods" (or alternatively "glacials" or "glaciations" or colloquially as "ice age"), and intermittent warm periods are called "interglacials". Glaciologically, ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres. By this definition, we are in an interglacial period—the holocene—of the ice age that began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch, because the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets still exist.
The causes of ice ages are not fully understood for either the large-scale ice age periods or the smaller ebb and flow of glacial–interglacial periods within an ice age. The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition, such as the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane (the specific levels of the previously mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from EPICA Dome C in Antarctica over the past 800,000 years ); changes in the earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles; the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the earth's surface, which affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth-Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.[citation needed]
Some of these factors influence each other. For example, changes in Earth's atmospheric composition (especially the concentrations of greenhouse gases) may alter the climate, while climate change itself can change the atmospheric composition (for example by changing the rate at which weathering removes CO2).
Maureen Raymo, William Ruddiman and others propose that the Tibetan and Colorado Plateaus are immense CO2 "scrubbers" with a capacity to remove enough CO2 from the global atmosphere to be a significant causal factor of the 40 million year Cenozoic Cooling trend. They further claim that approximately half of their uplift (and CO2 "scrubbing" capacity) occurred in the past 10 million years.
wn.com/The History Of Ice Age Era's
An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of cold climate are termed "glacial periods" (or alternatively "glacials" or "glaciations" or colloquially as "ice age"), and intermittent warm periods are called "interglacials". Glaciologically, ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres. By this definition, we are in an interglacial period—the holocene—of the ice age that began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch, because the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets still exist.
The causes of ice ages are not fully understood for either the large-scale ice age periods or the smaller ebb and flow of glacial–interglacial periods within an ice age. The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition, such as the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane (the specific levels of the previously mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from EPICA Dome C in Antarctica over the past 800,000 years ); changes in the earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles; the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the earth's surface, which affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth-Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.[citation needed]
Some of these factors influence each other. For example, changes in Earth's atmospheric composition (especially the concentrations of greenhouse gases) may alter the climate, while climate change itself can change the atmospheric composition (for example by changing the rate at which weathering removes CO2).
Maureen Raymo, William Ruddiman and others propose that the Tibetan and Colorado Plateaus are immense CO2 "scrubbers" with a capacity to remove enough CO2 from the global atmosphere to be a significant causal factor of the 40 million year Cenozoic Cooling trend. They further claim that approximately half of their uplift (and CO2 "scrubbing" capacity) occurred in the past 10 million years.
- published: 16 Feb 2015
- views: 72475
Is a New Ice Age Approaching (Documentary)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:07
- Updated: 02 Jul 2014
- views: 7302
An inquiry into whether the dramatic weather changes in America's northern states mean that a new ice age is approaching.
The causes of ice ages are not fully...
An inquiry into whether the dramatic weather changes in America's northern states mean that a new ice age is approaching.
The causes of ice ages are not fully understood for either the large-scale ice age periods or the smaller ebb and flow of glacial--interglacial periods within an ice age. The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition, such as the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane (the specific levels of the previously mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from EPICA Dome C in Antarctica over the past 800,000 years ); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles; the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth-Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.
Some of these factors influence each other. For example, changes in Earth's atmospheric composition (especially the concentrations of greenhouse gases) may alter the climate, while climate change itself can change the atmospheric composition (for example by changing the rate at which weathering removes CO
2).
Maureen Raymo, William Ruddiman and others propose that the Tibetan and Colorado Plateaus are immense CO
2 "scrubbers" with a capacity to remove enough CO
2 from the global atmosphere to be a significant causal factor of the 40 million year Cenozoic Cooling trend. They further claim that approximately half of their uplift (and CO
2 "scrubbing" capacity) occurred in the past 10 million years
wn.com/Is A New Ice Age Approaching (Documentary)
An inquiry into whether the dramatic weather changes in America's northern states mean that a new ice age is approaching.
The causes of ice ages are not fully understood for either the large-scale ice age periods or the smaller ebb and flow of glacial--interglacial periods within an ice age. The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition, such as the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane (the specific levels of the previously mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from EPICA Dome C in Antarctica over the past 800,000 years ); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles; the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth-Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.
Some of these factors influence each other. For example, changes in Earth's atmospheric composition (especially the concentrations of greenhouse gases) may alter the climate, while climate change itself can change the atmospheric composition (for example by changing the rate at which weathering removes CO
2).
Maureen Raymo, William Ruddiman and others propose that the Tibetan and Colorado Plateaus are immense CO
2 "scrubbers" with a capacity to remove enough CO
2 from the global atmosphere to be a significant causal factor of the 40 million year Cenozoic Cooling trend. They further claim that approximately half of their uplift (and CO
2 "scrubbing" capacity) occurred in the past 10 million years
- published: 02 Jul 2014
- views: 7302
Moon 101. 05. The Lunar Crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 54:13
- Updated: 02 Sep 2013
- views: 836
Dr. Gary Lofgren discusses the current understanding of the crust of the Moon. The presentation begins with a brief overview of the Moon's surface, and discusse...
Dr. Gary Lofgren discusses the current understanding of the crust of the Moon. The presentation begins with a brief overview of the Moon's surface, and discusses the prevailing Magma Ocean Theory resulting in the formation of the primary, or original, lunar crust. The crust was subsequently modified by impact bombardment and volcanic activity. Compositional variations in the lunar crust are then described as three major terrains: Procellarum KREEP terrain, Feldspathic Highlands terrain, and the South Pole-Aitken basin terrain. It is noted that studying rock samples is the key to understanding the lunar crust. The presentation then focuses on the characteristics and ages of the major rock types found on the Moon: basaltic rocks from mare lava flows, anorthositic rocks in the lunar highlands, impact breccias and melt rocks, and volcanic glasses. The lecture concludes with a brief review of the rock sampling conducted during the Apollo missions, and lessons learned for future lunar surface exploration.
http://www.spudislunarresources.com/moon101/moon_101_crust.pdf
wn.com/Moon 101. 05. The Lunar Crust
Dr. Gary Lofgren discusses the current understanding of the crust of the Moon. The presentation begins with a brief overview of the Moon's surface, and discusses the prevailing Magma Ocean Theory resulting in the formation of the primary, or original, lunar crust. The crust was subsequently modified by impact bombardment and volcanic activity. Compositional variations in the lunar crust are then described as three major terrains: Procellarum KREEP terrain, Feldspathic Highlands terrain, and the South Pole-Aitken basin terrain. It is noted that studying rock samples is the key to understanding the lunar crust. The presentation then focuses on the characteristics and ages of the major rock types found on the Moon: basaltic rocks from mare lava flows, anorthositic rocks in the lunar highlands, impact breccias and melt rocks, and volcanic glasses. The lecture concludes with a brief review of the rock sampling conducted during the Apollo missions, and lessons learned for future lunar surface exploration.
http://www.spudislunarresources.com/moon101/moon_101_crust.pdf
- published: 02 Sep 2013
- views: 836
Lecture - From partly serpentinized peridotite to continental crust
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:21
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
- views: 390
Håkon Austrheim (PGP, UiO) proposes an alternative process for the formation of continental crust from the oceanic lithosphere.
Håkon Austrheim (PGP, UiO) proposes an alternative process for the formation of continental crust from the oceanic lithosphere.
wn.com/Lecture From Partly Serpentinized Peridotite To Continental Crust
Jeff Karson- Discovering the Deep Oceans-Guest Night lecture
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 53:06
- Updated: 10 Jun 2015
- views: 498
Dr. Jeff Karson, Syracuse University Professor of Earth Science, spoke in a featured presentation at the Houston Geological Society 2015 Guest Night June 6. Kar...
Dr. Jeff Karson, Syracuse University Professor of Earth Science, spoke in a featured presentation at the Houston Geological Society 2015 Guest Night June 6. Karson discusses the geology of seafloor spreading centers and intrusion of basalt into the mid ocean rifts. Dr. Karson is an author on a new 2015 book “Discovering the Deep: An Photographic Atlas of the Seafloor and Ocean Crust” just published by Cambridge University Press, in May 2015. Jeff Karson has been Chief Scientist and Co-Chief Scientist on multiple deep sea ALVIN DSV-2 missions from 1990-2005. The “ALVIN” is a three person operated deep-ocean research submersible operated by Woods Hole Institute that is accompanied by smaller remote operated vehicles (ROV) which conduct photography and sampling at ocean depths below 10,000 ft. Dr. Karson has been involved with deep ocean research since he was a professor at Duke University 1996-2006, continuing to Syracuse University in New York State, where he was recently Chair of the Earth Sciences Department.
wn.com/Jeff Karson Discovering The Deep Oceans Guest Night Lecture
Dr. Jeff Karson, Syracuse University Professor of Earth Science, spoke in a featured presentation at the Houston Geological Society 2015 Guest Night June 6. Karson discusses the geology of seafloor spreading centers and intrusion of basalt into the mid ocean rifts. Dr. Karson is an author on a new 2015 book “Discovering the Deep: An Photographic Atlas of the Seafloor and Ocean Crust” just published by Cambridge University Press, in May 2015. Jeff Karson has been Chief Scientist and Co-Chief Scientist on multiple deep sea ALVIN DSV-2 missions from 1990-2005. The “ALVIN” is a three person operated deep-ocean research submersible operated by Woods Hole Institute that is accompanied by smaller remote operated vehicles (ROV) which conduct photography and sampling at ocean depths below 10,000 ft. Dr. Karson has been involved with deep ocean research since he was a professor at Duke University 1996-2006, continuing to Syracuse University in New York State, where he was recently Chair of the Earth Sciences Department.
- published: 10 Jun 2015
- views: 498
Our Moon From Formation to Asteroid Target: Message for Life on Earth by Norman Sleep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 79:11
- Updated: 07 Dec 2015
- views: 14
View with Slides at http://slideslive.com/38895426/our-moon-from-formation-to-asteroid-target-message-for-life-on-earth
The present Earth-Moon system formed in...
View with Slides at http://slideslive.com/38895426/our-moon-from-formation-to-asteroid-target-message-for-life-on-earth
The present Earth-Moon system formed in the aftermath of the impact of a Mars-sized body on our planet. The Earth was then mostly melted and the Moon accreted from a ring of vapor and liquid orbiting the Earth. Part of the impactor’s core ended up in the Moon-forming disk around the Earth. Iron metal within the disk was partly oxidized by ferric iron and water. Metallic iron remained and this formed our Moon’s small core, and about 2% of the impactor’s core ended up within Earth’s mantle.
It is conceivable that early asteroid bombardment on the Earth was relatively benign and that planet sterilizing impact never occurred. A dense CO2 atmosphere blanketed Earth within about 10 million years of the impact, and a solar-heated greenhouse maintained 200 degrees C temperatures at the surface. Earth did not become habitable until the CO2 subducted into the mantle. Subducted oceanic crust carried carbonates into the mantle, which partially melted beneath island arcs to form alkaline CO2-rich lavas. Groundwaters within these lavas are an attractive prebiotic environment. By the time of Earth’s earliest sedimentary record at about 3.8 billion years ago, the surface was clement, the ocean was near its current pH about 8, and the CO2 pressure in the air was comparable to the modern value. By then, life had already begun to modify the composition of the Earth’s surface, and even its mantle.
Norman Sleep graduated from Michigan State in 1967. He completed his PhD on island arcs at MIT in 1973. He was assistant professor of Geology at Northwestern from 1973 to 1979. He has since been on the Geophysics faculty at Stanford. His work applies heat and mass transfer to physical processes within the Earth and other planets. He is currently studying the aftermath of the moon-forming impact and its implications to early life. He also has interests in earthquake seismology including nonlinear rock failure during strong shaking. This work includes determining maximum past and future levels of shaking within Greater Los Angeles.
wn.com/Our Moon From Formation To Asteroid Target Message For Life On Earth By Norman Sleep
View with Slides at http://slideslive.com/38895426/our-moon-from-formation-to-asteroid-target-message-for-life-on-earth
The present Earth-Moon system formed in the aftermath of the impact of a Mars-sized body on our planet. The Earth was then mostly melted and the Moon accreted from a ring of vapor and liquid orbiting the Earth. Part of the impactor’s core ended up in the Moon-forming disk around the Earth. Iron metal within the disk was partly oxidized by ferric iron and water. Metallic iron remained and this formed our Moon’s small core, and about 2% of the impactor’s core ended up within Earth’s mantle.
It is conceivable that early asteroid bombardment on the Earth was relatively benign and that planet sterilizing impact never occurred. A dense CO2 atmosphere blanketed Earth within about 10 million years of the impact, and a solar-heated greenhouse maintained 200 degrees C temperatures at the surface. Earth did not become habitable until the CO2 subducted into the mantle. Subducted oceanic crust carried carbonates into the mantle, which partially melted beneath island arcs to form alkaline CO2-rich lavas. Groundwaters within these lavas are an attractive prebiotic environment. By the time of Earth’s earliest sedimentary record at about 3.8 billion years ago, the surface was clement, the ocean was near its current pH about 8, and the CO2 pressure in the air was comparable to the modern value. By then, life had already begun to modify the composition of the Earth’s surface, and even its mantle.
Norman Sleep graduated from Michigan State in 1967. He completed his PhD on island arcs at MIT in 1973. He was assistant professor of Geology at Northwestern from 1973 to 1979. He has since been on the Geophysics faculty at Stanford. His work applies heat and mass transfer to physical processes within the Earth and other planets. He is currently studying the aftermath of the moon-forming impact and its implications to early life. He also has interests in earthquake seismology including nonlinear rock failure during strong shaking. This work includes determining maximum past and future levels of shaking within Greater Los Angeles.
- published: 07 Dec 2015
- views: 14
Liberty Gold and the Yellowstone Hotspot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:05
- Updated: 19 Feb 2016
- views: 165
Central Washington University geology professor Nick Zentner presents “Yellowstone Hot Spot & Liberty Gold: Is There a Connection?”. An old oceanic terrane, Si...
Central Washington University geology professor Nick Zentner presents “Yellowstone Hot Spot & Liberty Gold: Is There a Connection?”. An old oceanic terrane, Siletzia, is the key to the lecture. The Yellowstone Hot Spot created Siletzia offshore 55 million years ago, and its accretion to the Pacific Northwest crust set the stage for gold deposition in Liberty, Washington. 280 folks attended this lecture at the Hal Holmes Center in downtown, Ellensburg, Washington. February 17, 2016.
wn.com/Liberty Gold And The Yellowstone Hotspot
Central Washington University geology professor Nick Zentner presents “Yellowstone Hot Spot & Liberty Gold: Is There a Connection?”. An old oceanic terrane, Siletzia, is the key to the lecture. The Yellowstone Hot Spot created Siletzia offshore 55 million years ago, and its accretion to the Pacific Northwest crust set the stage for gold deposition in Liberty, Washington. 280 folks attended this lecture at the Hal Holmes Center in downtown, Ellensburg, Washington. February 17, 2016.
- published: 19 Feb 2016
- views: 165
Abyssal plain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:59
- Updated: 11 Nov 2014
- views: 319
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continen...
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.
Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
wn.com/Abyssal Plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.
Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 11 Nov 2014
- views: 319
Marianas Trench - The deepest part of the world's oceans
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:30
- Updated: 26 Feb 2016
- views: 1
Following experts as they launch a mission to explore the Marianas Trench, which is located in the Pacific Ocean and is more than six miles deep. Scientists con...
Following experts as they launch a mission to explore the Marianas Trench, which is located in the Pacific Ocean and is more than six miles deep. Scientists consider the geology that has created this scar along the ocean floor.
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres (1,580 mi) long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres (43 mi). It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10,994 m (± 40 m) or 6.831 mi (36,070 ± 131 ft) at the Challenger Deep, a small slot-shaped valley in its floor, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11.03 kilometres (6.85 mi).
At the bottom of the trench the water column above exerts a pressure of 1,086 bars (15,750 psi), over 1000 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. At this pressure the density of water is increased by 4.96%, making 95 litres of water under the pressure of the Challenger Deep contain the same mass as 100 litres at the surface. The temperature at the bottom is 1 to 4 °C.
The trench is not the part of the seafloor closest to the center of the Earth. This is because the Earth is not a perfect sphere; its radius is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) less at the poles than at the equator. As a result, parts of the Arctic Ocean seabed are at least 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) closer to the Earth's center than the Challenger Deep seafloor.
Xenophyophores have been found in the trench by Scripps Institution of Oceanography researchers at a record depth of 10.6 km (6.6 mi) below the sea surface. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested microbial life forms thrive within the trench
The expedition conducted in 1960 observed (with great surprise because of the high pressure) at the bottom large living creatures such as a flatfish about 30 cm (1 ft) long, and a shrimp.According to Piccard, "The bottom appeared light and clear, a waste of firm diatomaceous ooze".Many marine biologists are now skeptical of the supposed sighting of the flatfish, and it is suggested that the creature may instead have been a sea cucumber.
During the second expedition, the unmanned vehicle Kaikō collected mud samples from the seabed.Tiny organisms were found to be living in those samples.
In July 2011 a research expedition deployed untethered landers, called dropcams, equipped with digital video and lights to explore this region of the deep sea. Amongst many other living organisms, some gigantic single-celled amoebas with a size of more than 4 in (10 cm), belonging to the class of xenophyophores were observed.
Xenophyophores are noteworthy for their size, their extreme abundance on the seafloor and their role as hosts for a variety of organisms.
In December 2014, a new species of fish was discovered at a depth of 8,145m – beating the previous record for the world's deepest fish by nearly 500m.Several other new species were also filmed, including huge crustaceans known as supergiants.
The Mariana Trench is part of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction system that forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. In this system, the western edge of one plate, the Pacific Plate, is subducted (i.e., thrust) beneath the smaller Mariana Plate that lies to the west. Crustal material at the western edge of the Pacific Plate is some of the oldest oceanic crust on earth (up to 170 million years old), and is therefore cooler and more dense; hence its great height difference relative to the higher-riding (and younger) Mariana Plate. The deepest area at the plate boundary is the Mariana Trench proper.
The movement of the Pacific and Mariana plates is also indirectly responsible for the formation of the Mariana Islands. These volcanic islands are caused by flux melting of the upper mantle due to release of water that is trapped in minerals of the subducted portion of the Pacific Plate.
wn.com/Marianas Trench The Deepest Part Of The World's Oceans
Following experts as they launch a mission to explore the Marianas Trench, which is located in the Pacific Ocean and is more than six miles deep. Scientists consider the geology that has created this scar along the ocean floor.
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres (1,580 mi) long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres (43 mi). It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10,994 m (± 40 m) or 6.831 mi (36,070 ± 131 ft) at the Challenger Deep, a small slot-shaped valley in its floor, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11.03 kilometres (6.85 mi).
At the bottom of the trench the water column above exerts a pressure of 1,086 bars (15,750 psi), over 1000 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. At this pressure the density of water is increased by 4.96%, making 95 litres of water under the pressure of the Challenger Deep contain the same mass as 100 litres at the surface. The temperature at the bottom is 1 to 4 °C.
The trench is not the part of the seafloor closest to the center of the Earth. This is because the Earth is not a perfect sphere; its radius is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) less at the poles than at the equator. As a result, parts of the Arctic Ocean seabed are at least 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) closer to the Earth's center than the Challenger Deep seafloor.
Xenophyophores have been found in the trench by Scripps Institution of Oceanography researchers at a record depth of 10.6 km (6.6 mi) below the sea surface. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested microbial life forms thrive within the trench
The expedition conducted in 1960 observed (with great surprise because of the high pressure) at the bottom large living creatures such as a flatfish about 30 cm (1 ft) long, and a shrimp.According to Piccard, "The bottom appeared light and clear, a waste of firm diatomaceous ooze".Many marine biologists are now skeptical of the supposed sighting of the flatfish, and it is suggested that the creature may instead have been a sea cucumber.
During the second expedition, the unmanned vehicle Kaikō collected mud samples from the seabed.Tiny organisms were found to be living in those samples.
In July 2011 a research expedition deployed untethered landers, called dropcams, equipped with digital video and lights to explore this region of the deep sea. Amongst many other living organisms, some gigantic single-celled amoebas with a size of more than 4 in (10 cm), belonging to the class of xenophyophores were observed.
Xenophyophores are noteworthy for their size, their extreme abundance on the seafloor and their role as hosts for a variety of organisms.
In December 2014, a new species of fish was discovered at a depth of 8,145m – beating the previous record for the world's deepest fish by nearly 500m.Several other new species were also filmed, including huge crustaceans known as supergiants.
The Mariana Trench is part of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction system that forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. In this system, the western edge of one plate, the Pacific Plate, is subducted (i.e., thrust) beneath the smaller Mariana Plate that lies to the west. Crustal material at the western edge of the Pacific Plate is some of the oldest oceanic crust on earth (up to 170 million years old), and is therefore cooler and more dense; hence its great height difference relative to the higher-riding (and younger) Mariana Plate. The deepest area at the plate boundary is the Mariana Trench proper.
The movement of the Pacific and Mariana plates is also indirectly responsible for the formation of the Mariana Islands. These volcanic islands are caused by flux melting of the upper mantle due to release of water that is trapped in minerals of the subducted portion of the Pacific Plate.
- published: 26 Feb 2016
- views: 1
EPS 200 -- Plate Tectonics Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:08
- Updated: 27 Jan 2015
- views: 34
Introduction to mafic (ocean crust and mantle) and felsic (continental crust) rock and continent/continent convergent plate boundaries.
Introduction to mafic (ocean crust and mantle) and felsic (continental crust) rock and continent/continent convergent plate boundaries.
wn.com/Eps 200 Plate Tectonics Part 1
Introduction to mafic (ocean crust and mantle) and felsic (continental crust) rock and continent/continent convergent plate boundaries.
- published: 27 Jan 2015
- views: 34
TechKnow - Deep sea gold rush
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:43
- Updated: 27 Dec 2015
- views: 4028
Oceans cover 70 percent of the earth's surface, but only a fraction of the undersea world has been explored.
On this episode of TechKnow, Phil Torres joins a t...
Oceans cover 70 percent of the earth's surface, but only a fraction of the undersea world has been explored.
On this episode of TechKnow, Phil Torres joins a team of scientists on a special expedition to explore and uncover the mysteries at the bottom of the ocean floor.
"What we are doing is similar to astronauts and planetary scientists just trying to study life on another planet," says Beth Orcutt, a senior research scientist.
The journey begins in Costa Rica aboard the R/V Atlantis, a research vessel operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. From there, Phil gets the chance to take a dive with Alvin, a deep-water submersible capable of taking explorers down to 6,000 metres (20,000 feet) under the sea.
Commissioned in 1964, Alvin has a celebrated history, locating an unexploded hydrogen bomb off the coast of Spain and exploring the famous RMS Titanic in the 1980s.
Alvin and its first female pilot, Cindy Van Dover, were the first to discover hydrothermal vents, which are underwater springs where plumes of black smoke and water pour out from underneath the earth's crust. The vents were inhabited by previously unknown organisms that thrived in the absence of sunlight.
After 40 years of exploration, Alvin got a high-tech upgrade. The storied submersible is now outfitted with high-resolution cameras to provide a 245-degree viewing field and a robotic arm that scientists can use to pull samples of rock and ocean life to then study back on land.
But scientists are not the only ones interested in the ocean. These days the new gold rush is not in the hills, it is in the deep sea. For thousands of years miners have been exploiting the earth in search of precious metals. As resources on dry land are depleted, now the search for new sources of metals and minerals is heading underwater.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's national ocean service estimates that there is more than $150tn in gold waiting to be mined from the floor of the world's oceans.
"The industry is moving very, very fast. They have far more financial resources than the scientific community," says Cindy Van Dover, Alvin's first female pilot and Duke University Oceanography Professor.
Seabed mining is still in the planning stages, but Nautilus Minerals, a Canadian mining company, says it has the technology and the contracts in place with the island nation of Papua New Guinea to start mining in its waters in about two years.
What is the future of seabed mining? And what are the consequences of seabed mining for the marine ecosystems? Can science and industry co-exist and work together on viable and sustainable solutions?
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- Check out our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/
wn.com/Techknow Deep Sea Gold Rush
Oceans cover 70 percent of the earth's surface, but only a fraction of the undersea world has been explored.
On this episode of TechKnow, Phil Torres joins a team of scientists on a special expedition to explore and uncover the mysteries at the bottom of the ocean floor.
"What we are doing is similar to astronauts and planetary scientists just trying to study life on another planet," says Beth Orcutt, a senior research scientist.
The journey begins in Costa Rica aboard the R/V Atlantis, a research vessel operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. From there, Phil gets the chance to take a dive with Alvin, a deep-water submersible capable of taking explorers down to 6,000 metres (20,000 feet) under the sea.
Commissioned in 1964, Alvin has a celebrated history, locating an unexploded hydrogen bomb off the coast of Spain and exploring the famous RMS Titanic in the 1980s.
Alvin and its first female pilot, Cindy Van Dover, were the first to discover hydrothermal vents, which are underwater springs where plumes of black smoke and water pour out from underneath the earth's crust. The vents were inhabited by previously unknown organisms that thrived in the absence of sunlight.
After 40 years of exploration, Alvin got a high-tech upgrade. The storied submersible is now outfitted with high-resolution cameras to provide a 245-degree viewing field and a robotic arm that scientists can use to pull samples of rock and ocean life to then study back on land.
But scientists are not the only ones interested in the ocean. These days the new gold rush is not in the hills, it is in the deep sea. For thousands of years miners have been exploiting the earth in search of precious metals. As resources on dry land are depleted, now the search for new sources of metals and minerals is heading underwater.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's national ocean service estimates that there is more than $150tn in gold waiting to be mined from the floor of the world's oceans.
"The industry is moving very, very fast. They have far more financial resources than the scientific community," says Cindy Van Dover, Alvin's first female pilot and Duke University Oceanography Professor.
Seabed mining is still in the planning stages, but Nautilus Minerals, a Canadian mining company, says it has the technology and the contracts in place with the island nation of Papua New Guinea to start mining in its waters in about two years.
What is the future of seabed mining? And what are the consequences of seabed mining for the marine ecosystems? Can science and industry co-exist and work together on viable and sustainable solutions?
- Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe
- Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish
- Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera
- Check out our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/
- published: 27 Dec 2015
- views: 4028
The World's Most Fascinating Fossils, Rocks, and Minerals: Earth Science Introduction (1998)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:06
- Updated: 04 Dec 2015
- views: 200
Earth science or geoscience is an all-encompassing term that refers to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. It can be considered to be a branch of p...
Earth science or geoscience is an all-encompassing term that refers to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. It can be considered to be a branch of planetary science, but with a much older history. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. The formal discipline of Earth sciences may include the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Typically, Earth scientists will use tools from physics, chemistry, biology, chronology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how the Earth system works, and how it evolved to its current state.
The following fields of science are generally categorized within the Earth sciences:
Geography specifically Physical Geography covers aspects of geomorphology, soil study, hydrology, meteorology, climatology, and biogeography.[3]
Geology describes the rocky parts of the Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and its historic development. Major subdisciplines are mineralogy and petrology, geochemistry, geomorphology, paleontology, stratigraphy, structural geology, engineering geology, and sedimentology.[4][5]
Geophysics and geodesy investigate the shape of the Earth, its reaction to forces and its magnetic and gravity fields. Geophysicists explore the Earth's core and mantle as well as the tectonic and seismic activity of the lithosphere.[5][6][7] Geophysics is commonly used to supplement the work of geologists in developing a comprehensive understanding of crustal geology, particularly in mineral and petroleum exploration. See Geophysical survey.
Soil science covers the outermost layer of the Earth's crust that is subject to soil formation processes (or pedosphere).[8] Major subdisciplines include edaphology and pedology.[9]
Ecology covers the interactions between the biota, with their natural environment. This field of study differentiates the study of the Earth, from the study of other planets in our Solar System; the Earth being the only planet teeming with life.
Hydrology (includes oceanography and limnology) describe the marine and freshwater domains of the watery parts of the Earth (or hydrosphere). Major subdisciplines include hydrogeology and physical, chemical, and biological oceanography.[citation needed]
Glaciology covers the icy parts of the Earth (or cryosphere).
Atmospheric sciences cover the gaseous parts of the Earth (or atmosphere) between the surface and the exosphere (about 1000 km). Major subdisciplines include meteorology, climatology, atmospheric chemistry, and atmospheric physics.
Plate tectonics, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are geological phenomena that can be explained in terms of energy transformations in the Earth's crust.[10]
Beneath the Earth's crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. The mantle is not quite solid and consists of magma which is in a state of semi-perpetual convection. This convection process causes the lithospheric plates to move, albeit slowly. The resulting process is known as plate tectonics.[11][12][13][14]
Plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the earth is resurfaced. Through a process called seafloor spreading, new crust is created by the flow of magma from underneath the lithosphere to the surface, through fissures, where it cools and solidifies. Through a process called subduction, oceanic crust is pushed underground — beneath the rest of the lithosphere—where it comes into contact with magma and melts—rejoining the mantle from which it originally came.[12][14][15]
Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called divergent boundaries, those where it is brought back into the earth are convergent boundaries and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material is created or destroyed, are referred to as transform (or conservative) boundaries[12][14][16] Earthquakes result from the movement of the lithospheric plates, and they often occur near convergent boundaries where parts of the crust are forced into the earth as part of subduction.[17]
Volcanoes result primarily from the melting of subducted crust material. Crust material that is forced into the asthenosphere melts, and some portion of the melted material becomes light enough to rise to the surface—giving birth to volcanoes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science
wn.com/The World's Most Fascinating Fossils, Rocks, And Minerals Earth Science Introduction (1998)
Earth science or geoscience is an all-encompassing term that refers to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. It can be considered to be a branch of planetary science, but with a much older history. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. The formal discipline of Earth sciences may include the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Typically, Earth scientists will use tools from physics, chemistry, biology, chronology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how the Earth system works, and how it evolved to its current state.
The following fields of science are generally categorized within the Earth sciences:
Geography specifically Physical Geography covers aspects of geomorphology, soil study, hydrology, meteorology, climatology, and biogeography.[3]
Geology describes the rocky parts of the Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and its historic development. Major subdisciplines are mineralogy and petrology, geochemistry, geomorphology, paleontology, stratigraphy, structural geology, engineering geology, and sedimentology.[4][5]
Geophysics and geodesy investigate the shape of the Earth, its reaction to forces and its magnetic and gravity fields. Geophysicists explore the Earth's core and mantle as well as the tectonic and seismic activity of the lithosphere.[5][6][7] Geophysics is commonly used to supplement the work of geologists in developing a comprehensive understanding of crustal geology, particularly in mineral and petroleum exploration. See Geophysical survey.
Soil science covers the outermost layer of the Earth's crust that is subject to soil formation processes (or pedosphere).[8] Major subdisciplines include edaphology and pedology.[9]
Ecology covers the interactions between the biota, with their natural environment. This field of study differentiates the study of the Earth, from the study of other planets in our Solar System; the Earth being the only planet teeming with life.
Hydrology (includes oceanography and limnology) describe the marine and freshwater domains of the watery parts of the Earth (or hydrosphere). Major subdisciplines include hydrogeology and physical, chemical, and biological oceanography.[citation needed]
Glaciology covers the icy parts of the Earth (or cryosphere).
Atmospheric sciences cover the gaseous parts of the Earth (or atmosphere) between the surface and the exosphere (about 1000 km). Major subdisciplines include meteorology, climatology, atmospheric chemistry, and atmospheric physics.
Plate tectonics, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are geological phenomena that can be explained in terms of energy transformations in the Earth's crust.[10]
Beneath the Earth's crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. The mantle is not quite solid and consists of magma which is in a state of semi-perpetual convection. This convection process causes the lithospheric plates to move, albeit slowly. The resulting process is known as plate tectonics.[11][12][13][14]
Plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the earth is resurfaced. Through a process called seafloor spreading, new crust is created by the flow of magma from underneath the lithosphere to the surface, through fissures, where it cools and solidifies. Through a process called subduction, oceanic crust is pushed underground — beneath the rest of the lithosphere—where it comes into contact with magma and melts—rejoining the mantle from which it originally came.[12][14][15]
Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called divergent boundaries, those where it is brought back into the earth are convergent boundaries and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material is created or destroyed, are referred to as transform (or conservative) boundaries[12][14][16] Earthquakes result from the movement of the lithospheric plates, and they often occur near convergent boundaries where parts of the crust are forced into the earth as part of subduction.[17]
Volcanoes result primarily from the melting of subducted crust material. Crust material that is forced into the asthenosphere melts, and some portion of the melted material becomes light enough to rise to the surface—giving birth to volcanoes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science
- published: 04 Dec 2015
- views: 200
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Oceanic Crust
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published: 20 Oct 2014
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
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3:27
Oceanic crust
Oceanic crust is the part of Earth's lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceani...
published: 19 Oct 2015
Oceanic crust
Oceanic crust
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0:01
Oceanic Crust
published: 08 Nov 2015
Oceanic Crust
Oceanic Crust
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5:17
The Early Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Earth is formed by accretion of spatial particulates and large masses and eventually f...
published: 26 Aug 2007
The Early Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Early Earth and Plate Tectonics
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0:47
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust Romance
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust
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depression in the Earth's sur...
published: 28 Oct 2015
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust Romance
Difference Between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust Romance
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0:59
What Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide Romance
Collide
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,
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.
.
.
Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continen...
published: 26 Sep 2015
What Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide Romance
What Happens When Continental Crust And Oceanic Crust Collide Romance
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7:33
Earth's Structure
Table of Contents:
00:00 - Continental vs. Oceanic Crust
00:03 - Objectives
00:24 - Basic...
published: 13 Apr 2013
Earth's Structure
Earth's Structure
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6:26
Learn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's crust || Earth Science
Lithospheric plates
Lithospheric plates are regions of Earth's crust and upper mantle that...
published: 27 Aug 2015
Learn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's crust || Earth Science
Learn About Lithospheric Plates || Earth's crust || Earth Science
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0:52
Continental and Oceanic Crust
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published: 20 Oct 2014
Continental and Oceanic Crust
Continental and Oceanic Crust
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Continental and oceanic crust
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published: 17 Oct 2014
Continental and oceanic crust
Continental and oceanic crust
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0:29
CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST
published: 08 Dec 2014
CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST
CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST
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2:29
Oman Ophiolite - Lower oceanic crust and moho
Geological field excursion to the Oman ophiolite. In these videos Hugh Rollinson, from the...
published: 17 Oct 2012
Oman Ophiolite - Lower oceanic crust and moho
Oman Ophiolite - Lower oceanic crust and moho
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1:01
The Oceanic Crust
A brief video on the oceanic crust.
published: 25 Feb 2013
The Oceanic Crust
The Oceanic Crust
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9:39
Ocean Basins (Part 1): Features of the Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)
Mr. Lima discusses the difference between continental and oceanic crust, types of tectonic...
published: 28 Dec 2011
Ocean Basins (Part 1): Features of the Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)
Ocean Basins (Part 1): Features of the Ocean Floor (Continental Margin)
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Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Idaho, United States
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Big Southern Butte
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Southern_Butte...
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Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Idaho, United States
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Idaho, United States
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3:54
Mid ocean ridge
A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists ...
published: 18 Feb 2016
Mid ocean ridge
Mid ocean ridge
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10:33
Continental crust
The continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that for...
published: 26 Oct 2015
Continental crust
Continental crust
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2:17
Continental crust - Video Learning - WizScience.com
The "continental crust" is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks which ...
published: 29 Sep 2015
Continental crust - Video Learning - WizScience.com
Continental crust - Video Learning - WizScience.com
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2:09
Ophiolite - Video Learning - WizScience.com
An "ophiolite" is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle ...
published: 02 Sep 2015
Ophiolite - Video Learning - WizScience.com
Ophiolite - Video Learning - WizScience.com
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5:15
Tectonic Throwdown
Deep beneath the earth, massive plates of rock are slowly pushing into each other, creatin...
published: 16 Jul 2015
Tectonic Throwdown
Tectonic Throwdown
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0:48
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Other parts of Russia
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Anik Mountain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anik_Mountain
Azas Pl...
published: 06 Jul 2015
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Other parts of Russia
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Other parts of Russia
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0:16
Banda Arc 0-30 Ma Plate Tectonic Reconstructions
The spectacularly curved Banda arc comprises young oceanic crust enclosed by volcanic inne...
published: 21 Jun 2015
Banda Arc 0-30 Ma Plate Tectonic Reconstructions
Banda Arc 0-30 Ma Plate Tectonic Reconstructions
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0:19
Michaelangelo 360 fly-around
Bramley Murton shows us a 360° fly-around TOBI-sidescan sonar imagery draped over multibea...
published: 12 Jun 2015
Michaelangelo 360 fly-around
Michaelangelo 360 fly-around
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10:19
Eden Hope Academy Science, Week 12, Layers of the Earth
Core
Outer Core
Mantel
Athenosphere
Lithosphere
Crust
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Pola...
published: 07 Jun 2015
Eden Hope Academy Science, Week 12, Layers of the Earth
Eden Hope Academy Science, Week 12, Layers of the Earth
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9:36
Earth Movements - Activity 2: The Earth's Crust
Students explore the structure and composition of the Earth's crust. They compare oceanic ...
published: 01 Jun 2015
Earth Movements - Activity 2: The Earth's Crust
Earth Movements - Activity 2: The Earth's Crust
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0:50
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in The Pacific Ocean
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Name Last eruption
--------------------------------------------...
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Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in The Pacific Ocean
Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in The Pacific Ocean
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14:51
Magnetic Reversals
Evidence on the sea floor using magnetic reversals within basaltic oceanic crust. Complet...
published: 30 Jan 2015
Magnetic Reversals
Magnetic Reversals
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4:17
Volcanic Plumes, Seafloor Spreading, and Earth's Magnetic Field
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published: 31 Dec 2014
Volcanic Plumes, Seafloor Spreading, and Earth's Magnetic Field
Volcanic Plumes, Seafloor Spreading, and Earth's Magnetic Field
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110:22
Geography by Gangatharan
Continental Drift theory -primary - secondary - tertiary - continental crust- oceanic crus...
published: 02 Apr 2014
Geography by Gangatharan
Geography by Gangatharan
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88:02
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Global Access
Join in the discovery of submarine volcanic systems, where brilliantly-colored organisms c...
published: 18 Dec 2013
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Global Access
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Global Access
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50:37
19. Ocean Bathymetry and Water Properties
The Atmosphere, the Ocean and Environmental Change (GG 140)
Plate tectonics and ocean b...
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19. Ocean Bathymetry and Water Properties
19. Ocean Bathymetry and Water Properties
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42:44
Mariana trench - The deepest point on earth is explored
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is loc...
published: 24 Nov 2015
Mariana trench - The deepest point on earth is explored
Mariana trench - The deepest point on earth is explored
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Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Life at the Extreme
One of the most profound oceanic discoveries in the past 20 years is the dense and diverse...
published: 18 Dec 2013
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Life at the Extreme
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Northeast Pacific: Life at the Extreme
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62:01
Thermal History of Planetary Objects and Exoplanets - Tilmann Spohn (SETI Talks)
SETI Talks archive: http://seti.org/talks
Speaker: Tilman Spohn, Director of the Institut...
published: 16 Aug 2013
Thermal History of Planetary Objects and Exoplanets - Tilmann Spohn (SETI Talks)
Thermal History of Planetary Objects and Exoplanets - Tilmann Spohn (SETI Talks)
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51:18
Explaining the Expanding Earth - With Peter Woodhead - Part 1
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Explaining the Expanding Earth - With Peter Woodhead - Part 1
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27:09
Expanding-Earth Conclusive Geometric Proof
Two stage Model of Expanding-Earth (using household items).
100% and 75% stages shown.
No...
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Expanding-Earth Conclusive Geometric Proof
Expanding-Earth Conclusive Geometric Proof
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44:43
The Deepest Ocean In The World Marianas Trench - National Geographic HD - Documentary films 2015
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world'...
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The Deepest Ocean In The World Marianas Trench - National Geographic HD - Documentary films 2015
The Deepest Ocean In The World Marianas Trench - National Geographic HD - Documentary films 2015
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35:17
Lecture - Melt transport in the mantle
At Mid-ocean spreading ridges where lithospheric plates moves away from each other, materi...
published: 21 Jul 2012
Lecture - Melt transport in the mantle
Lecture - Melt transport in the mantle
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Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fa...
published: 05 Dec 2012
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is this Planet to be the Earth? 2012 AGU Fall Meeting
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41:55
The History of Ice Age Era's
An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and at...
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The History of Ice Age Era's
The History of Ice Age Era's
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Is a New Ice Age Approaching (Documentary)
An inquiry into whether the dramatic weather changes in America's northern states mean tha...
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Is a New Ice Age Approaching (Documentary)
Is a New Ice Age Approaching (Documentary)
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54:13
Moon 101. 05. The Lunar Crust
Dr. Gary Lofgren discusses the current understanding of the crust of the Moon. The present...
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Moon 101. 05. The Lunar Crust
Moon 101. 05. The Lunar Crust
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Geography by Gangatharan...
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Nort...
19. Ocean Bathymetry and Water Properties...
Mariana trench - The deepest point on earth is exp...
Expedition to the Underwater Volcanoes of the Nort...
Thermal History of Planetary Objects and Exoplanet...
Explaining the Expanding Earth - With Peter Woodhe...
Expanding-Earth Conclusive Geometric Proof...
The Deepest Ocean In The World Marianas Trench - N...
Lecture - Melt transport in the mantle...
Bowen Lecture: V22A. The Andesite Problem: Why is ...
The History of Ice Age Era's...
Is a New Ice Age Approaching (Documentary)...
Moon 101. 05. The Lunar Crust...
Lecture - From partly serpentinized peridotite to ...
Jeff Karson- Discovering the Deep Oceans-Guest Nig...
Our Moon From Formation to Asteroid Target: Messag...
Liberty Gold and the Yellowstone Hotspot...
Abyssal plain...
Marianas Trench - The deepest part of the world's...
EPS 200 -- Plate Tectonics Part 1...
TechKnow - Deep sea gold rush...
The World's Most Fascinating Fossils, Rocks, and M...
photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
American Fighting For ISIS Surrenders To Iraqi Kurds
Edit WorldNews.com 14 Mar 2016
A 26-year-old American fighting for Islamic State gave himself up to Iraqi Kurdish forces on Monday, in a rare instance of voluntary surrender by an extremist militant in Iraq, the Guardian reports ... Khweis told the Kurdish Peshmerga forces, who are playing a key role along with the Iraqi military in battling the extremist group, that he had escaped from Mosul ... Capt....
photo: AP / Wally Santana, File
Hellfire Missiles Bound For Portland, Ore. Discovered On Air Serbia Flight From Beirut
Edit WorldNews.com 14 Mar 2016
Residents of Portland, Ore. are breathing a collective sigh of relief now that a pair of Hellfire missiles are back where they belong after being found by Air Serbia security officials using sniffer dogs, multiple media reports said Monday ... The weapons could destroy tanks, armored cars, large buildings and kill thousands of people....
photo: AP / Shakh Aivazov
ISIS Commander 'Omar The Chechen' Dies From Injuries Sustained In Air Strike
Edit WorldNews.com 14 Mar 2016
Omar al-Shishani, the ISIS commander known as “Omar the Chechen,” has died, the U.S. confirmed Monday, CBS News reported. al-Shishani survived an initial attack carried out in the beginning of March, but has since died of his wounds, the report said. A U.S ... The U.S ... – WN.com, Jack Durschlag....
photo: Creative Commons / Mohanavel
See How Your City May Be Affected by Rising Sea Levels
Edit Time Magazine 14 Mar 2016
Study after study has shown that sea-level rise due to climate change will leave cities on U.S. coasts vulnerable to severe and more frequent flooding. Despite the warnings, though, Americans continue to live and build in regions likely to be inundated with water in a matter of decades. New research published in the journal Nature Climate Change suggests that as many as 13 million people may live in vulnerable regions along the U.S....
photo: Creative Commons
KKK Leader Switches Support From Trump To Clinton
Edit WorldNews.com 14 Mar 2016
Citing her “hidden agenda,” a prominent member of the Ku Klux Klan has switched his support from Donald Trump to Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential race, The Inquisitr reports. ... According to a report by The Telegraph, the KKK leader has chosen to support Hillary because he says that she has a “hidden agenda.” . “We want Hillary Clinton to win....
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Seismic Lessons from Japan’s Tohoku Earthquake
Edit New Yorker 11 Mar 2016
... scientist, Kiyoo Wadati, collected seismic data that became critical to the development of the Richter scale and, eventually, the discovery of the process of subduction, in which old ocean crust sinks back into Earth’s mantle....
Researchers along with the US Coast Guard recorded these eerie sounds from the ocean's darkest depths
Edit Business Insider 05 Mar 2016
The ocean is a noisy place, even at its deepest spot. That came as a surprise to a team of researchers who sent a titanium-encased recorder nearly seven miles below the surface to eavesdrop on the ocean floor ... a magnitude 5.0 earthquake, centered in the ocean's crust nearly a mile above the device; a typhoon; big storms that drove up the ambient noise for a period of days; and even waves and winds at the surface....
What the Deepest Spot in the Ocean Sounds Like
Edit Yahoo Daily News 03 Mar 2016
It turns out the ocean is one noisy, riotous place, teeming with the sound of seismic temblors, whale songs and ship propellers — even at the deepest ocean trench ... [Listen to Sounds from the Deepest Spot in the Ocean] ... Whale songs, ship propellers, seismic waves from a 5.0-magnitude earthquake in the ocean crust off Guam and even overhead typhoons sent sound waves reverberating into the deepest part of the ocean....
Mariana Trench: Seven miles deep, the ocean is still a noisy place (Oregon State University)
Edit Public Technologies 02 Mar 2016
- For what may be the first time, scientists have eavesdropped on the deepest part of the world's oceans and instead of finding a sea of silence, they discovered a cacophony of sounds both natural and caused by humans ... 'We recorded a loud magnitude 5.0 earthquake that took place at a depth of about 10 kilometers (or more than six miles) in the nearby ocean crust,' Dziak said....
Trip to Argentina teaches students about geology of ancient New England (Brown University)
Edit Public Technologies 24 Feb 2016
The students got to see those sediments in central Argentina, hundreds of miles from the nearest ocean ... The students saw pieces of oceanic crust mounted on top of continental sediments-remnants of the process that brought Precordillera to Argentina 450 million or so years ago. Those deposits included formations normally only seen at the bottom of the ocean....
Back to Brazil: UC Geologists Send Fossil Finds on the Road to Rio (University of ...
Edit Public Technologies 23 Feb 2016
By 1962, scientists finally mapped the ocean ... This new data illustrated the importance of plate tectonics to the structure of the ocean floor crust, the mid-ocean ridges where new crust forms and the subduction zones where ocean crust gets recycled -- all resulting in deep ocean ridges that connect the separate continental landmasses we see today....
White Island: Geological Wonderland
Edit About.com 21 Feb 2016
White Island, Bay of Plenty. Image Courtesy of Malene Holm. White Island is New Zealand's most active and easily accessed volcano ... Regular boat trips depart for the island from Whakatane ... This is a line where the Pacific and Australian plates of the earth's crust meet, causing a thinning of the crust and extensive volcanic activity ... They are created by the forced movement of the oceanic crust under the continental crust ... ....
photo: Public Domain /
Have Researchers Really Found Life Within Earth's Mantle?
Edit IFL Science 02 Feb 2016
It is situated on the western side of the Mid-Atlantic ridge, the fiery chasm from which new oceanic crust is born. This dome-shaped formation is unlike the basaltic rock typically found in the surrounding oceanic crust, in that it is made of green peridotite, a rock type found in the depths of the mantle....
Signs of life found in Earth's mantle
Edit The Times of India 02 Feb 2016
Scientists have collected an unprecedented sequence of rock samples from the shallow mantle of the Atlantic Ocean that bear signs of life, unique carbon cycling, and ocean crust movement ... Ridge, researchers collected rock samples using seabed rock drills from Germany and the UK - the first time the technology has been utilised in ocean drilling....
Expedition recovers mantle rocks with signs of life
Edit Science Daily 01 Feb 2016
An international team of scientists -- recently returned from a 47-day research expedition to the mid-Atlantic -- have collected an unprecedented sequence of rock samples from the shallow mantle of the ocean crust that bear signs of life, unique carbon cycling, and ocean crust movement. These unique samples were collected using unique seabed rock drills ... ....
Deep sea drilling project to explore history of climate change (Cardiff University)
Edit Public Technologies 29 Jan 2016
Professor Ian Hall leads expedition to study impact of one of the world's strongest ocean currents on global climate change ... Professor Hall will be handed the keys to the ship by Professor Chris Macleod, also from the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, who has been aboard the ship since December leading his own mission studying the make-up of the ocean crust in the Indian Ocean....
Plate Tectonics Began Three Billion Years Ago
Edit IFL Science 22 Jan 2016
Plate tectonics are a planet’s way of showing an observer it's “alive.” Without the formation and destruction of a continental and oceanic crust, our Earth would not have volcanic features, terrestrial land masses for life to colonize, or even a complex atmosphere ... Compared to the other rocky planets, Earth’s continental crust lacks magnesium....
New Seafloor Map Reveals Secrets of Ancient Continents' Shoving Match
Edit Yahoo Daily News 21 Jan 2016
By analyzing these underwater peaks and ridges, researchers can decipher how and when the plates that made up the ancient supercontinent Pangaea tore apart about 200 million years ago, resulting in the birth of new ocean crust and the formation of mountain ranges ... Altimetry measures the height of the sea surface from space by timing how long it takes a radar signal to reflect off the ocean and return to the satellite....
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