- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 105872
An apsis (Greek ἁψίς, gen. ἁψίδος), plural apsides ( /ˈæpsɨdiːz/; Greek: ἁψίδες), is the point of greatest or least distance of a body from one of the foci of its elliptical orbit. In modern celestial mechanics this focus is also the center of attraction, which is usually the center of mass of the system. Historically, in geocentric systems, apsides were measured from the center of the Earth.
The point of closest approach (the point at which two bodies are the closest) is called the periapsis or pericentre, from Greek περί, peri, around, and κέντρον kentron. The point of farthest excursion is called the apoapsis (ἀπό, apó, "from", apocentre or apapsis [from ἀπ-, ap-, before an unaspirated, or ἀφ-, aph-, before an aspirated vowel, respectively]), (the latter term, although etymologically more correct, is much less used). A straight line drawn through the periapsis and apoapsis is the line of apsides. This is the major axis of the ellipse, the line through the longest part of the ellipse.
Derivative terms are used to identify the body being orbited. The most common are perigee /ˈpɛrɨdʒiː/ and apogee /ˈæpɵdʒiː/, referring to orbits around the Earth (Greek γῆ, gê, "earth"), and perihelion /ˌpɛrɨˈhiːliən/ and aphelion /əˈfiːliən/, referring to orbits around the Sun (Greek ἥλιος, hēlios, "sun"). During the Apollo program, the terms pericynthion and apocynthion were used when referring to the Moon.
Jesper Kyd Jakobson (born February 3, 1972) is an award winning Danish video game, television and film score composer. Internationally renowned for composing the unique, signature music soundtracks for multi-million selling franchises Assassin's Creed, Hitman and Borderlands, Kyd’s distinctive scores feature a diverse array of orchestra, choir, acoustic manipulations and electronic soundscapes, immersing audiences with emotional depth often described by critics as ‘rousing,’ ‘surreal’ and ‘beautiful.’[citation needed]
Kyd started playing piano at an early age. Later, he took several years of training in classical guitar, note reading, choir singing and classical composition for piano. However, he is mostly self-taught. Kyd was always more interested in the compositional aspects of music and received a Commodore 64 when he was 14, enabling him to compose music for the demoscene. Several years later he obtained an Amiga, allowing him to compose music with samples in it. He, along with his good friend and collaborator, Mikael Balle, became a member of the demo group Silents DK, and after some time started collaborating with a group of coders known as Crionics, which would arguably later prove vital for his professional career. They eventually made the legendary Amiga demoscene production Hardwired. He also created and scored the first wild demo, Global Trash 2, together with Mikael Balle.
Janek Gwizdala (born November 19, 1978) is an English jazz bassist and record producer born in London.
Janek's beginnings in music started at age 11 with classical guitar lessons at the Merton Music Foundation from the Late Peter Woodings, as well as study in classical music through brass ensembles and orchestral percussion, drum set lessons with now Buzzcocks drummer Danny Farrant, and participation in just about every style and genre of ensemble that was offered by the MMF. Through these early years Janek's main interest was in drums, and it was the lure of one one of his favorite drummers (Ian Thomas) that convinced him to attend a local jazz gig at the Gun Tavern in Croydon with a friend. The band leader - Laurence Cottle. The next day a bass was purchased and Janek followed Laurence around London and the UK learning everything he could. A job at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London as assistant sound engineer led to meeting Brazilian Jazz super stars Airto Moreira and Flora Purim. After an invitation to sit in with them in London in 1998, it was on Flora's advice that Janek move to the US and attend Berklee College of Music.