- published: 17 May 2013
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Morton Feldman (January 12, 1926 – September 3, 1987) was an American composer, born in New York City.
A major figure in 20th-century music, Feldman was a pioneer of indeterminate music, a development associated with the experimental New York School of composers also including John Cage, Christian Wolff, and Earle Brown. Feldman's works are characterized by notational innovations that he developed to create his characteristic sound: rhythms that seem to be free and floating; pitch shadings that seem softly unfocused; a generally quiet and slowly evolving music; recurring asymmetric patterns. His later works, after 1977, also begin to explore extremes of duration.
Feldman was born in Woodside, Queens into a family of Russian-Jewish immigrants from Kiev. His father was a manufacturer of children's coats. As a child he studied piano with Vera Maurina Press, who, according to the composer himself, instilled in him a "vibrant musicality rather than musicianship." Feldman's first composition teachers were Wallingford Riegger, one of the first American followers of Arnold Schoenberg, and Stefan Wolpe, a German-born Jewish composer who studied under Franz Schreker and Anton Webern. Feldman and Wolpe spent most of their time simply talking about music and art.
John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer, music theorist, writer, and artist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde. Critics have lauded him as one of the most influential American composers of the 20th century. He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives.
Cage is perhaps best known for his 1952 composition 4′33″, which is performed in the absence of deliberate sound; musicians who present the work do nothing aside from being present for the duration specified by the title. The content of the composition is not "four minutes and 33 seconds of silence," as is often assumed, but rather the sounds of the environment heard by the audience during performance. The work's challenge to assumed definitions about musicianship and musical experience made it a popular and controversial topic both in musicology and the broader aesthetics of art and performance. Cage was also a pioneer of the prepared piano (a piano with its sound altered by objects placed between or on its strings or hammers), for which he wrote numerous dance-related works and a few concert pieces. The best known of these is Sonatas and Interludes (1946–48).
Morton Feldman - For Philip Guston, 1984. S.E.M. Ensemble (Petr Kotik, flute(s). Joseph Kubera, piano/celesta. Chris Nappi, percussion) Released 2000
Rothko Chapel Morton Feldman *Gregg Smith conducting*
Morton Feldman | Triadic Memories | Louis Goldstein: Piano | Offseason Productions | 2000
Midsummer Chamber Music Festival Harpa Concert Hall, Reykjavik (Iceland) June 20, 2013 Víkingur Ólafsson (piano) Sigrún Edvaldsdóttir (violin) Bryndís Halla Gylfadóttir (cello) Una Sveinbjarnardóttir (violin) Thórunn Ósk Marinósdóttir (cello)
[excerpt] FLUX Quartet In the 1970s Feldman took up the study and collecting of antique Turkish rugs, a highly evolved and exquisite folk art. The rugs are intricately patterned, symmetrical in basic design but with constant variation and displacement in the detailed execution of that design; strikingly and subtly colored, including fine variegations of principal colors resulting from the dyeing process. Analogies are clear to Feldman's music as it takes up large-scale patterning, partly working with his familiar subtle gradations of rhythm and instrumental color and ostinati or extended repetitions of a sounds, partly - and especially in this second string quartet - continually finding new and surprising qualities of color. There are a number of sounds in this piece unlike anything on...
For John Cage, for violin & piano (1982) Stephen Clarke, piano Marc Sabat, violin Morton Feldman's "For John Cage" scored for violin and piano, approximately 70 minutes long, was composed in 1982. This was during the last period of Feldman's creative activity when made several works of extended listening durations, like the "Triadic Memories" (1981), "Patterns in a Chromatic Field" (also known as "Untitled Composition for Cello and Piano" (1981), "Crippled Symmetry" (1983), the 80-minute "String Quartet" (1979), the 43-minute ensemble piece "For Samuel Beckett" (1987), and the more than 4 and 1/2 hours of "For Philip Guston". In his ensemble works, Feldman assigned certain identifiable gestures to certain individual instruments and instrumental groups, and these gestures would be repeate...
Five Pianos Morton Feldman (1972) *Le Bureau des Pianistes*
Morton Feldman | Piano, Violin, Viola, Cello | Bridge Records | 2015
Violin and String Quartet, for violin & string quartet (1985) Peter Rundel, violin Pellegrini-Quartett Morton Feldman's large scale work simply entitled Violin and String Quartet commences with the violin soloist contemplating the minor seventh interval A to G over and over again, in no predictable rhythmic configuration, while confronted by soft, dissonant chord clouds from the other musicians. The clouds quietly disintegrate as the entrances become more staggered. Ten minutes or so into the piece, Feldman refines the opening gestures, expanding the interval leaps, and voicing chord clusters in numerous configurations. At the 22-minute mark, Feldman arrives back where he started, but in a parallel universe, so to speak, with the aforementioned minor seventh transformed into a major nint...
Morton Feldman - For Bunita Marcus (1985) Stephane Ginsburgh, piano Sub Rosa (2007) Artwork: Mark Rothko