- published: 07 Sep 2015
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Alba Iulia (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌalba ˈjuli.a] ( listen), formerly Bălgrad; Hungarian: Gyulafehérvár; German: Weißenburg/Karlsburg; Latin: Apulum;Medieval Latin: Alba Iulia, Carlopolis;Ottoman Turkish: Erdel Belgradı) is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 58,681, located on the Mureş River. Since the High Middle Ages, the city has been the seat of Transylvania's Roman Catholic diocese. Between 1541 and 1690 it was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania. Alba Iulia is historically important for Romanians, Hungarians and Transylvanian Saxons.
Four villages are administered by the city: Bărăbanţ (Borbánd), Miceşti (Ompolykisfalud), Oarda (Alsóváradja) and Pâclişa (Poklos).
The modern city is located near the site of the important Dacian political, economic and social centre of Apulon, mentioned by the ancient Greek geographer Ptolemy and believed by many archaeologists to be the Dacian fortifications on top of Piatra Craivii. After Dacia became a province of the Roman Empire, the capital of Dacia Apulensis was established here, and the city was known as Apulum. Apulum was the largest city in Roman Dacia and the seat of the XIII Gemina Legion. Apulum is the largest castrum located in Romania, occupying 37.5 ha (750 x 500 m2).
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