The family Viverridae is made up of 35 species of medium-sized mammal, including all of the genets, the binturong, most of the civets, and the four linsangs.

Viverrids are native to most of the Old World tropics, nearly all of Africa (bar the area immediately south of the Mediterranean), and the Iberian Peninsula. Favoured habitats include woodland, savanna, mountains and, above all, tropical rainforest. Due to heavy deforestation, many are faced with severe loss of habitat; several species are considered vulnerable (such as the rare Hose's Civet, endemic to northern Borneo, and the Otter Civet is classified as endangered.

Characteristics

Viverrids are amongst the primitive families of the Carnivora, with skeletons very similar to those of fossils dating back to the Eocene, up to 50 million years ago. They are variable in form, but generally resemble long-nosed cats. Most have retractile or partially-retractile claws, a baculum, and an anal scent gland.

Viverrids range in size from the African Linsang with a body length of , and a weight of , to the African Civet at and , although very large Binturongs, to , attain the greatest mass.

They are nocturnal animals, with excellent hearing and vision. They are generally solitary. Despite their placement in the order Carnivora, they are omnivorous, or, in the case of the Palm Civets, almost entirely herbivorous. In reflection of this, their flesh-shearing carnassial teeth are relatively undeveloped. The usual dental formula is:

Classification

Although it resembles the other civets, the African Palm Civet (''Nandinia binotata'') is genetically distinct and belongs in its own monotypic family, Nandiniidae. The Madagascan Fossa ''Cryptoprocta ferox'' was similarly long thought to be a member of Viverridae, but genetic evidence indicates that this animal is a member of the family Eupleridae, an endemic Madagascan carnivore radiation related to the family Herpestidae. Furthermore, recent genetic research indicates that the Asiatic linsangs of the genus ''Prionodon'', may be more closely related to the species of the family Felidae; if so, then they should be removed from Viverridae and placed in their own family, Prionodontidae. There is little dispute, however, that the African linsangs of genus ''Poiana'' are viverrids.

Species

Family VIVERRIDAE

* Subfamily Paradoxurinae

** Genus ''Arctictis''

*** Binturong (''Arctictis binturong'')

** Genus ''Arctogalidia''

*** Small-toothed Palm Civet (''Arctogalidia trivirgata'')

** Genus ''Macrogalidia''

*** Sulawesi Palm Civet (''Macrogalidia musschenbroekii'')

** Genus ''Paguma''

*** Masked Palm Civet (''Paguma larvata'')

** Genus ''Paradoxurus''

** Golden Wet-zone Palm Civet (''Paradoxurus aureus'') (F. Cuvier, 1822)

*** Asian Palm Civet (''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus'')

*** Jerdon's Palm Civet (''Paradoxurus jerdoni'')

** Sri Lankan Brown Palm Civet (''Paradoxurus montanus'') (Kelaart, 1852)

** Golden Dry-zone Palm Civet (''Paradoxurus stenocephalus'') (''sp. nov.'')

*** Golden Palm Civet (''Paradoxurus zeylonensis'')

* Subfamily Hemigalinae

** Genus ''Chrotogale''

*** Owston's Palm Civet (''Chrotogale owstoni'')

** Genus ''Cynogale''

*** Otter Civet (''Cynogale bennettii'')

** Genus ''Diplogale''

*** Hose's Palm Civet (''Diplogale hosei'')

** Genus ''Hemigalus''

*** Banded Palm Civet (''Hemigalus derbyanus'')

* Subfamily Prionodontinae

** Genus ''Prionodon''

*** Banded Linsang (''Prionodon linsang'')

*** Spotted Linsang (''Prionodon pardicolor'')

* Subfamily Viverrinae

** Genus ''Civettictis''

*** African Civet (''Civettictis civetta'')

** Genus ''Genetta''

*** Abyssinian Genet (''Genetta abyssinica'')

*** Angolan Genet (''Genetta angolensis'')

*** Bourlon's Genet (''Genetta bourloni'')

*** Crested Servaline Genet (''Genetta cristata'')

*** Common Genet (''Genetta genetta'')

*** Johnston's Genet (''Genetta johnstoni'')

*** Rusty-spotted Genet (''Genetta maculata'')

*** Pardine Genet (''Genetta pardina'')

*** Aquatic Genet (''Genetta piscivora'')

*** King Genet (''Genetta poensis'')

*** Servaline Genet (''Genetta servalina'')

*** Haussa Genet (''Genetta thierryi'')

*** Cape Genet (''Genetta tigrina'')

*** Giant Forest Genet (''Genetta victoriae'')

* Genus ''Poiana''

*** Leighton's Linsang (''Poiana leightoni'')

*** African Linsang (''Poiana richardsonii'')

** Genus ''Viverra''

*** Malabar Large-spotted Civet (''Viverra civettina'')

*** Large-spotted Civet (''Viverra megaspila'')

*** Malayan Civet (''Viverra tangalunga'')

*** Large Indian Civet (''Viverra zibetha'')

** Genus ''Viverricula''

*** Small Indian Civet (''Viverricula indica'')

Civet/Genet Hybrids

In ''The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication'' Charles Darwin noted: "The Genetta has bred both here and in the Jardin des Plantes, and produced hybrids." Others have also reported civet/genet hybrids.

References

External links

Genet: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife Foundation

BBC: 'New mammal' seen in Borneo

University of Michigan's Animal Diversity Web page

ITIS page

The Straight Dope on Civet Cats

Category:Mammals of Africa Category:Mammals of Asia

ar:زباديات az:Viveralar zh-min-nan:Viverridae br:Viverridae bg:Виверови ca:Vivèrrid cs:Cibetkovití da:Desmerdyr de:Schleichkatzen es:Viverridae eu:Viverridae fa:گربه زباد fr:Viverridae gl:Vivérridos hr:Cibetke io:Civeto it:Viverridae he:גחניים kk:Шұбалаң құйрықтылар lt:Viveriniai hu:Cibetmacskafélék ml:വെരുക് mr:उदमांजर nl:Civetkatachtigen ja:ジャコウネコ科 no:Snikekattfamilien pl:Łaszowate pt:Viverrídeos ru:Виверровые fi:Sivettieläimet sv:Viverrider th:ชะมด tr:Misk kedisigiller uk:Віверові vi:Họ Cầy zh:灵猫科

Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
{{infobox musical artist | name	Loreena McKennitt | image LM-DG-1.jpg | background solo_singer | birth_name Loreena Isabel Irene McKennitt | alias | Born February 17, 1957Morden, Manitoba, Canada | origin | instrument Voice, Piano, Harp, Accordion | genre Celtic, World, New Age | occupation Musician, Songwriter, Producer | years_active 1985–present | label Quinlan RoadWarner Bros. RecordsVerve Forecast/Universal Records }}

Loreena Isabel Irene McKennitt, CM, OM, (born February 17, 1957) is a Canadian singer, composer, harpist, accordionist and pianist who writes, records and performs world music with Celtic and Middle Eastern themes. McKennitt is known for her refined, clear soprano vocals. She has sold more than 14 million records worldwide.

Early life

McKennitt was born in Morden, Manitoba of Irish and Scottish descent to parents Jack (a livestock dealer) and Irene McKennitt (a nurse). She moved to Stratford, Ontario in 1981, where she still resides.

When Loreena was young she wanted to become a veterinarian but she found that music chose her rather than she it. Developing a passion for Celtic music, she learned to play the Celtic harp and began busking at various places, including St. Lawrence Market in Toronto in order to earn money to record her first album.

Career

McKennitt's first album, ''Elemental'', was released in 1985, followed by ''To Drive the Cold Winter Away'' (1987), ''Parallel Dreams'' (1989), ''The Visit'' (1991), ''The Mask and Mirror'' (1994), ''A Winter Garden'' (1995), ''The Book of Secrets'' (1997), ''An Ancient Muse'' (2006), ''A Midwinter Night’s Dream'' (2008), and ''The Wind That Shakes The Barley'' (2010). All of her work is released under her own label, Quinlan Road.

In 1990, McKennitt provided the music for the National Film Board of Canada documentary, "The Burning Times" a feminist revisionist account of the Early Modern European witchcraft trials. The main theme would later be rerecorded by her and her band and called "Tango for Evora," a track which appears on her album, The Visit.

In 1993, she toured Europe supporting Mike Oldfield. In 1995, her version of the traditional Irish song "Bonny Portmore" was featured in the ''Highlander'' series. McKennitt's single "The Mummers' Dance" received airplay in North American markets during the spring of 1997, and was used as the theme song for the short-lived TV series, ''Legacy''.

Her music appeared in the movies ''The Santa Clause'', ''Soldier'', ''Jade'', ''Holy Man'', ''The Mists of Avalon'' and ''Tinkerbell''; and in the television series ''Roar'', ''Due South'', ''Ever After'', and ''Full Circle (Women and Spirituality)''.

Personal life

In 1998, McKennitt's fiancé Ronald Rees, his brother Richard (not the British actor) and their close friend Gregory Cook drowned during a boating accident on Georgian Bay. She was deeply affected by the event and subsequently founded the ''Cook-Rees Memorial Fund'' for Water Search and Safety in the same year.

At the time of the incident, she was working on an live album of two performances called ''Live in Paris and Toronto''. The proceeds from this album were donated to the newly created memorial fund, totaling some three million dollars. After the release of the live album, McKennitt decided to substantially reduce the number of her public performances and did not release any new recordings until the studio album ''An Ancient Muse'' in 2006.

Honors

Juno Award, Best Roots/Traditional Album 1992, for ''The Visit''.

Juno Award, Best Roots/Traditional Album 1994, for ''The Mask and Mirror''.

Billboard Music Award for International Achievement, 1997.

Headline performer for HM Queen Elizabeth II and HRH Prince Philip at The Golden Jubilee Celebrations, Province of Manitoba, 2002.

Honorary Doctor of Letters, Wilfrid Laurier University, 2002.

Member of the Order of Manitoba, July 2003.

Member of the Order of Canada, July 2004.

Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Manitoba, June 2005

Canadian Ambassador, Hans Christian Andersen Bicentennary, June 2005

Honorary Doctor of Laws, Queen's University, October 2005

Investiture as Honorary Colonel, 435 Transport and Rescue Squadron, Canadian Air Force, December 2006

Nominated for a Grammy award, Best Contemporary World Music Album, in 2007

Western Canadian Music Awards Lifetime Achievement Award, September 2009

Performed at Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics, Opening Ceremonies, February 12, 2010

Honorary Bachelor of Applied Business, George Brown College, June 2010

Genre and work

McKennitt's music has generally been classified as World / Celtic music even though it contains aspects and characteristics of music from around the globe and is sometimes classified as Folk music in record stores.

Before McKennitt composes any music, she engages in considerable research on a specific subject which then forms the general concept of the album. Before creating ''Elemental'' and ''Parallel Dreams'', she traveled to Ireland for inspiration from the country's history, folklore, geography and culture. The album ''The Mask and Mirror'' was preceded by research in Spain where she engaged in studying Galicia, a Celtic section of Spain, along with its abundant Arabic roots. The result was an album that included elements of Celtic and Arabic music. According to the jacket notes, her album ''An Ancient Muse'' was inspired by travels among and reading about the various cultures along the Silk Road.

McKennitt is compared to Enya, but McKennitt's music is more grounded in traditional and classical invocations, using literary works as sources of lyrics and springboards for interpretation such as "The Lady of Shalott" by Lord Tennyson, "Prospero's Speech" (the final soliloquy in William Shakespeare's ''The Tempest''), "Snow" by Archibald Lampman, "Dark Night of the Soul" by St. John of the Cross, Dante's Prayer, William Blake's "Lullaby", Yeats' "The Stolen Child", "It was an English Ladye Bright" by Sir Walter Scott and "The Highwayman" by Alfred Noyes.

Court case

In 2005, McKennitt was involved in an acrimonious court case in England when her former friend and employee, Niema Ash, published a book which contained intimate details of their friendship. McKennitt argued that much of the book contained confidential personal information which Ash had no right to publish. The English courts found that there had indeed been a breach of confidence and a misuse of McKennitt's private information, and the case is likely to set important precedents in English law on the privacy of celebrities. The House of Lords affirmed the lower court's decisions in 2007.

2006 and later

In September 2006, McKennitt performed live at the Alhambra. The performance premiered on PBS and in August 2007 was released on a three-disc DVD/CD set titled ''Nights from the Alhambra.''

In 2008, McKennitt wrote and composed a song she titled "To The Fairies They Draw Near" as the theme song for Disney's direct-to-video animated film ''Tinker Bell.'' She also provided the narration for the film.

In early 2008, she returned to Peter Gabriel's Real World Studios to record ''A Midwinter Night’s Dream,'' an extended version of her 1995 mini-album ''A Winter Garden: Five Songs for the Season.'' The album was released on October 28, 2008.

Since the release of ''An Ancient Muse,'' Loreena has toured consistently, with a European and North American tour in the spring of 2007, an extensive cross Canada and United States tour in the fall of 2007, a summer tour of Europe in 2008 and a Mediterranean tour in the summer of 2009 with stops in Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Hungary and Italy.

On September 17, 2009, McKennitt announced that she planned to release a two-disc album titled "A Mediterranean Odyssey" in the fall of 2009. The first CD, "From Istanbul to Athens," consisted of ten new live recordings made during McKennitt’s 2009 Mediterranean Tour, including songs she had never before recorded in concert. The second CD, "The Olive and the Cedar," had a Mediterranean theme which McKennitt herself curated. It contained previously released studio recordings created between the years of 1994 and 2006.

November 16, 2010 saw the US release (November 12 for Europe) of McKennitt's latest studio album, "The Wind That Shakes the Barley." Recorded at the Sharon Temple, Ontario, it consists of nine traditional Celtic songs. "Every once and again there is a pull to return to one's own roots or beginnings, with the perspective of time and experience, to feel the familiar things you once loved and love still," says Loreena.

Documentaries

Late in the 1990s, McKennitt created ''No Journey's End,'' a half-hour documentary, for American television. In it, she discussed the influences behind her music. ''No Journey's End'' contained excerpts from several songs from the albums ''Parallel Dreams,'' ''The Visit,'' and ''The Mask and Mirror.'' It also shows live performances of the songs "The Lady of Shalott," "Santiago," and "The Dark Night of the Soul." It was later released on DVD and VHS, the former also containing music videos for "The Mummers' Dance" and "The Bonny Swans." A bonus copy of the DVD was included with the 2004 remastered versions of McKennitt's CDs.

In 2008, Loreena released ''A Moveable Musical Feast,'' based on her 2007 ''An Ancient Muse'' tour. The DVD included interviews with Loreena, her band, crew, fans and professional colleagues from the Canadian music industry.

Discography

Studio albums

Year	Album details	Peak chart positions			! rowspan="2"
		! style="width:30px;"	! style="width:30px;"	! style="width:30px;"
1985	style="text-align:left;"	* Release date: 1985	* Label: Quinlan Road	—	—	—
1987		* Release date: 1987	* Label: Quinlan Road	—	—	—
1989		* Release date: 1989	* Label: Quinlan Road	—	—	—
1991	style="text-align:left;"	* Release date: 1991	Warner Bros. Records>Warner Bros./Quinlan Road	28	—	—		Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos>BR: Gold	Canadian Recording Industry Association>CAN: 4× Platinum	Recording Industry Association of America>US: Gold
1994		* Release date: 1994	* Label: Quinlan Road	4	18	143		* ARG: Gold	* CAN: 3× Platinum	* US: Gold
1997		* Release date: September 30, 1997	* Label: Warner Bros./Quinlan Road	3	7	17		* ARG: Gold	* CAN: 4× Platinum	* US: 2× Platinum	* GER: Gold
2006		* Release date: November 21, 2006	* Label: MRA/Quinlan Road	9	15	83		* CAN: Platinum
2008		* Release date: October 28, 2008	* Label: Universal/Quinlan Road	12	27	140
2010	style="text-align:left;"	* Release date: November 12, 2010	* Label: Quinlan Road	13	28	141

Live Albums

Year	Album details	Peak chart positions			! rowspan="2"
		! style="width:30px;"	! style="width:30px;"	! style="width:30px;"
1995		* Release date: 1995	* Label: Quinlan Road	—	—	—
1999		* Release date: 1999	* Label: Quinlan Road	—	65	—
2007		* Release date: August 21, 2007	Verve Records>Verve/Quinlan Road	—	11	190		* GER: Platinum
2009		* Release date: October 20, 2009	* Label: Quinlan Road	11	—	—

Compilations

Year	Album details	Peak chart positions			! rowspan="2"
		! style="width:30px;"	! style="width:30px;"	! style="width:30px;"
1997		* Release date: 1997	* Label: Quinlan Road

EPs

Year	Album details	Peak chart positions	! rowspan="2"
		! style="width:30px;"
1995		* Release date: November 1995	* Label: Quinlan Road	44		* CAN: Gold

Boxed sets

''The Journey Begins'' (2008)

Singles

rowspan="2"	Year	Single	Peak chart positions				Album
! style="width:30px;"	! style="width:30px;"		! style="width:30px;"	! style="width:30px;"
rowspan="3"	1991		—	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—
	1993		—	—	—	—
		75	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—
		—	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—
	1997	style="text-align:left;"	"The Mummers' Dance"	10	18	23	14
1998		—	—	—	—
2006		—	—	—	—
2007		—	—	—	—
		—	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—
	2009		—	—	—	—

Videos

''H.M.S. Pinafore'' Live performance recorded during the 1981 Stratford Festival in Stratford Ontario, Canada, starring Michael Burgess, Katherine Terrell, Eric Donkin, Kenneth Pearl, Jim White, et al.; Loreena McKennitt performed in the chorus. (CBC VHS 1986)

''The Mummers' Dance'' (1997)

''The Bonny Swans''

''Nights from the Alhambra'' (2007, Live concert in Spain premiered on ''PBS'') ''A Moveable Musical Feast'' (2008, A tour documentary from Loreena's 2007 North American Tour)

Other

''No Journey’s End'' (half-hour profile, aired on PBS; DVD)

''Heaven on Earth'' (TV Movie 1987 - played "Lady Traveler")

''Highlander III'' (Soundtrack contribution)

''The Santa Clause'' (Soundtrack contribution)

''Léolo'' (Soundtrack contribution)

''Una casa con vista al mar'' (Soundtrack contribution)

''The Mists Of Avalon'' (Soundtrack use)

''The Burning Times'' (Soundtrack contribution)

''Due South'' (Soundtrack use)

''Northern Exposure'' (Soundtrack use)

''Tinker Bell'' (Direct to DVD movie, 2008 - Narrator)

''Soldier'' (Soundtrack use)

References

External links

Quinlan Road (official website of Loreena McKennitt)

Loreena McKennitt interview from the echoes public radio show

Category:Canadian female singers Category:Canadian folk musicians Category:Celtic fusion musicians Category:Musicians from Manitoba Category:Canadian harpists Category:Canadian keyboardists Category:Canadian pianists Category:Canadian singer-songwriters Category:Canadian sopranos Category:Fast Folk artists Category:Warner Bros. Records artists Category:Canadian people of Irish descent Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent Category:People from Morden, Manitoba Category:People from Stratford, Ontario Category:Members of the Order of Canada Category:Members of the Order of Manitoba Category:1957 births Category:Living people

an:Loreena McKennitt br:Loreena McKennitt bg:Лорина Маккенит ca:Loreena McKennitt da:Loreena McKennitt de:Loreena McKennitt es:Loreena McKennitt eu:Loreena McKennitt fa:لورنا مک‌کنیت fr:Loreena McKennitt ga:Loreena McKennitt gd:Loreena McKennitt gl:Loreena McKennitt it:Loreena McKennitt he:לורינה מק'קניט ku:Loreena McKennitt hu:Loreena McKennitt nl:Loreena McKennitt ja:ロリーナ・マッケニット pl:Loreena McKennitt pt:Loreena McKennitt ro:Loreena McKennitt ru:Маккеннитт, Лорина fi:Loreena McKennitt sv:Loreena McKennitt tr:Loreena McKennitt uk:Лоріна МакКенніт zh:罗琳娜·麦肯尼特

João Carlos Martins (born 1940) is a Brazilian classical pianist and conductor.

He has recorded the complete keyboard works of Bach.

thumb|João Carlos Martins

Martins made his Boston debut in 1969 in the Peabody Mason Concert series, and was once called one of the best Bach pianists after Glenn Gould. While an illness in his hands causes him problems, he continued for some time playing with his left hand and one right finger.

After his career finished due to other events and more illnesses in both his hands, he turned to conducting, despite very limited hand-movements.

Documentary

''Die Martins-Passion'' (96 min, Germany, 2004)

External links

Official site

Category:Brazilian classical pianists Category:Classical pianists who played with one arm Category:Brazilian conductors (music) Category:1940 births Category:Living people

es:João Carlos Martins fr:João Carlos Martins pl:João Carlos Martins pt:João Carlos Martins

Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
name	João Carlos
fullname	João Carlos da Silva Costa
birth date	January 15, 1956
cityofbirth	Rio de Janeiro
countryofbirth	Brazil
currentclub	América-SP (Brazil)
position	Manager
manageryears1	1985 | manageryears2 1989 | manageryears3 1990-1993 | manageryears4 1993-1995 | manageryears5 1996-1998 | manageryears6 1998 | manageryears7 1999 | manageryears8 1999 | manageryears9 1999 | manageryears10 1999-2001 | manageryears11 2001 | manageryears12 2002 | manageryears13 2003 | manageryears14 2005 | manageryears15 2006
managerclubs1	Brazil U-17 NT | managerclubs2 Al Hilal | managerclubs3 Flamengo | managerclubs4 América-SP | managerclubs5 Kashima Antlers | managerclubs6 Atlético Paranaense | managerclubs7 Aracatubabr | managerclubs8 União São João | managerclubs9 Brazil U-20 NT | managerclubs10 Nagoya Grampus Eight | managerclubs11 Cerezo Osaka | managerclubs12 Flamengo | managerclubs13 Consadole Sapporo | managerclubs14 Jamaica NT | managerclubs15 América-SP }}

João Carlos da Silva Costa , best known as João Carlos (born 15 January 1956) is a Brazilian football manager.

Honors

J. League Manager of the Year - 1997

Teams Managed

Flamengo (Brazil) : 1981-1989

Brazil U-17 NT : 1985

Al Hilal (Saudid Arabia) : 1989

Flamengo (Brazil) : 1990-1993

América-SP (Brazil) : 1993-1994

Rio Branco (Brazil) : 1994

Bragantino (Brazil) : 1995

Kashima Antlers (Japan) : 1996-1998

Atlético Paranaense (Brazil) : 1998

Araçatuba (Brazil) : 1999

União São João (Brazil) : 1999

Brazil U-20 NT : 1999

Nagoya Grampus Eight (Japan) : 1999-2001

Cerezo Osaka (Japan) : 2001

Flamengo (Brazil) : 2002

Consadole Sapporo (Japan) : 2003

Jamaica national football team : 2005

América-SP (Brazil) : 2006

Al Tai (Saudi Arabia) : 2007

CRB (Brazil) : 2007

Rede Tupi (Brazil) : 2008

CRB (Brazil) : 2008

Tigres do Brasil (Brazil) : 2008-2009

References

Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:Brazilian football managers Category:Expatriate football managers in Japan Category:Kashima Antlers managers Category:Nagoya Grampus managers Category:Cerezo Osaka managers Category:Consadole Sapporo managers Category:Al-Hilal managers

it:João Carlos da Silva Costa ja:ジョアン・カルロス pt:João Carlos Costa