Conclusion (music)
In music, the conclusion is the ending of a composition and may take the form of a coda or outro.
Pieces using sonata form typically use the recapitulation to conclude a piece, providing closure through the repetition of thematic material from the exposition in the tonic key. In all musical forms other techniques include "altogether unexpected digressions just as a work is drawing to its close, followed by a return...to a consequently more emphatic confirmation of the structural relations implied in the body of the work."
For example:
Outro (album)
Outro is a 2002 album by Jair Oliveira. Jair’s second album blends jazz, samba, soul and MPB. Most of Outro's songs were co-written by fellow Brazilian singer and composer Ed Motta.
Track listing
Psyence Fiction
Psyence Fiction is the debut album by the group Unkle, released in 1998 for Mo'Wax.
Notes
"Unreal" is an instrumental version of the song "Be There" (featuring Ian Brown), which was released a year later as a single. On some early presses of the album, instrumental versions of "Guns Blazing" and "The Knock" were added as tracks 13 and 14. On some re-releases of this album, "Be There" was added as track 13. Some versions (mainly the Japanese release, but also the US promotional copy) contain the hidden track "Intro (optional)" as "track zero", which is actually the pre-gap (index 0) of track 1. This can be accessed by "rewinding" the first track on some CD players.
"Lonely Soul" was featured in an Assassin's Creed trailer for PS3, Xbox 360, and PC. It was also featured on the soundtrack to the film The Beach, in the first episode of Misfits and in the Person of Interest episode "Matsya Nyaya".
Psyence Fiction reached #4 on the UK album charts, and #107 on US Billboard 200. It also debuted at #15 in Australia.
Åsen
Åsen is a village and former municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. The former municipality constitutes the southern part of the present-day municipality of Levanger, bordering Stjørdal to the south.
The village of Åsen is located along the European route E6 highway and the Nordlandsbanen railway line with the Åsen Station. The village sits between the lakes Hammervatnet and Hoklingen. It is home to the Åsen Church. The 0.52-square-kilometre (130-acre) village has a population (2013) of 593. The population density is 1,140 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,000/sq mi).
History
The municipality of Aasen was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The spelling was later changed to Åsen. On 1 January 1962, Åsen was merged with Frol, Levanger, and Skogn to form a new, larger Levanger municipality. Prior to the merger, Åsen had a population of 1,939.
References
Thai units of measurement
Thailand adopted the metric system on 17 December 1923. However, old Thai units are still in common use, especially for measurements of land.
Before metrication, the traditional system of measurement used in Thailand employed anthropic units. Some of these units are still in use, albeit standardised to SI/metric measurements. When the Royal Thai Survey Department began cadastral survey in 1896, Director R. W. Giblin, F.R.G.S., noted, "It so happens that 40 metres or 4,000 centimetres are equal to one sen," so all cadastral plans are plotted, drawn, and printed to a scale of 1:4,000. The square wa, ngan and rai are still used in measurements of land area.
The baht is still used as a unit of measurement in gold trading. However, one baht of 96.5% gold bullion is defined as 15.16 grams rather than the generic standard of 15 grams. The baht has also become the name of the currency of Thailand, which was originally fixed to the corresponding mass of silver.
List of units
Professional go handicaps
Professional go handicaps were a system developed in Japan, in the Edo period, for handicapping professional players of the game of go against each other. With the abolition of the Oteai system, which from the 1920s had used some handicap games to determine the go ranking of professional players, this system has become obsolete. It is now completely superseded by the use of komidashi. Knowledge of it is required to understand the conditions of play in historical go matches, particularly the jubango that died out around 1960.
Pro levels
The professional go ranks have traditionally been divided into nine levels, with shodan or 1 dan being the initial grade for a student player certified as professional (kishi in Japanese). The ranks go up to 9 dan, the whole system being based on old customs from the Chinese Imperial court. (The imperial court had 1 pin as highest and 9 pin as lowest however) To this day there are nine professional dan levels in China and South Korean as well as in Japan; the same applies in Taiwan. The basic system described at go handicaps is insufficient to provide an accurate ranking, because professional levels are closer together. It is considered inconceivable that any pro should take a four-stone handicap from another.
Pork barrel
Pork barrel is a metaphor for the appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district. The usage originated in American English. In election campaigns, the term is used in derogatory fashion to attack opponents. However, scholars use it as a technical term regarding legislative control of local appropriations.
History
The term pork barrel politics usually refers to spending which is intended to benefit constituents of a politician in return for their political support, either in the form of campaign contributions or votes. In the popular 1863 story "The Children of the Public", Edward Everett Hale used the term pork barrel as a homely metaphor for any form of public spending to the citizenry. However, after the American Civil War, the term came to be used in a derogatory sense. The Oxford English Dictionary dates the modern sense of the term from 1873. By the 1870s, references to "pork" were common in Congress, and the term was further popularized by a 1919 article by Chester Collins Maxey in the National Municipal Review, which reported on certain legislative acts known to members of Congress as "pork barrel bills". He claimed that the phrase originated in a pre-Civil War practice of giving slaves a barrel of salt pork as a reward and requiring them to compete among themselves to get their share of the handout. More generally, a barrel of salt pork was a common larder item in 19th century households, and could be used as a measure of the family's financial well-being. For example, in his 1845 novel The Chainbearer, James Fenimore Cooper wrote: "I hold a family to be in a desperate way, when the mother can see the bottom of the pork barrel."
