- published: 27 Jul 2015
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Lake Maracaibo (Spanish: Lago de Maracaibo) is a large brackish bay in Venezuela at 09°48′57″N 71°33′24″W / 9.81583°N 71.55667°W / 9.81583; -71.55667. It is connected to the Gulf of Venezuela by Tablazo Strait (55km) at the northern end, and fed by numerous rivers, the largest being the Catatumbo. It is commonly considered a lake rather than a bay or lagoon, and at 13,210 km² it would be the largest lake in South America. The geological record shows that it has been a true lake in the past, and as such is one of the oldest lakes on Earth at 20-36 million years old.
Lake Maracaibo acts as a major shipping route to the ports of Maracaibo and Cabimas. The surrounding Maracaibo Basin contains large reserves of crude oil, making the lake a major profit center for Venezuela. A dredged channel gives oceangoing vessels access to the bay. The General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge (8.7 km long; completed 1962), spanning the bay's outlet, is one of the longest bridges in the world.
The lake is also the location of Catatumbo lightning.
Maracaibo (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾaˈkaiβo]) is a city and municipality located in northwestern Venezuela off the western coast of the Lake Maracaibo. It is the second-largest city in the country after the national capital Caracas and the capital of Zulia state. The population of the city is approximately 1,495,200 with the metropolitan area estimated at 2,108,404 as of 2010.
Maracaibo is nicknamed La Tierra del Sol Amada ("The Beloved Land of the Sun").
The name Maracaibo comes from the brave Cacique (Indian Chief) Mara, a young native who valiantly resisted the Spaniards and died fighting them. It is said that when Mara fell, the Indians shouted "Mara cayo!" (Mara fell!), thus originating the city name. Other historians say that the first name of this land in Indian language was "Maara-iwo" meaning "Place where serpents abound".
The first indigenous settlements were of Arawak and Carib origin. Around the main group were the Añu tribe who built rows of stilt houses all over the northern riviera of the Lake Maracaibo. The first Europeans arrived in 1499.
Rafael José Urdaneta y Faría (1788–1845) was a Venezuelan General and hero of the Spanish American wars of independence in several countries in northern South America.
Urdaneta was born in the province of Maracaibo in Venezuela to an elite family of Spanish descent on October 24, 1788. He died in Paris, France, on August 23, 1845, while performing his diplomatic duties for Colombia, due to complications from kidney stones.
Urdaneta, was often referred to as "el Brillante" ("The Brilliant") in Venezuelan historiography.[citation needed].
Urdaneta began his elementary education in Maracaibo and then his high school education in Caracas. Later he traveled to Santa Fe de Bogotá to continue with his college education. Prior to the independence war he was a student of Latin and philosophy, and a pay officer for the viceregal troops in Bogotá, New Granada.
Right after the events of July 10, 1810, “el Grito de Independencia”, Urdaneta decides to join the revolutionary army. He is enlisted as lieutenant of the battalion “Patriotas de Cundinamarca”.