Charge

Charge or charged may refer to:

Charge (basketball), illegal contact by pushing or moving into another player's torso

Charge (fanfare), a six-note trumpet or bugle piece denoting the call to rush forward

Charge (heraldry), any object depicted on a shield

Charge (pen spinning), a pen-spinning trick

Charge (youth), an underage person placed under the supervision of a nobleman

Chargé d'affaires, two classes of diplomatic agents

Criminal charge, a formal accusation made before a court by a prosecuting authority

Charge (bugle call), a bugle call which signals to execute a charge

Charge (pastoral), one or more congregations under the spiritual leadership of a minister or ministry team

Mathematics, science, and technology

Charge (engine), the air and/or fuel mixture being fed to an internal combustion engine

Charge (physics), the susceptibility(state of being affected) of a body to one of the fundamental forces

Color charge, a property of quarks and gluons, related to their strong interactions
Electric charge, a property which determines the electromagnetic interaction of subatomic particles
Magnetic charge, a property of theoretical magnetic monopoles

Randomness

Randomness is the lack of pattern or predictability in events. A random sequence of events, symbols or steps has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. Individual random events are by definition unpredictable, but in many cases the frequency of different outcomes over a large number of events (or "trials") is predictable. For example, when throwing two dice, the outcome of any particular roll is unpredictable, but a sum of 7 will occur twice as often as 4. In this view, randomness is a measure of uncertainty of an outcome, rather than haphazardness, and applies to concepts of chance, probability, and information entropy.

The fields of mathematics, probability, and statistics use formal definitions of randomness. In statistics, a random variable is an assignment of a numerical value to each possible outcome of an event space. This association facilitates the identification and the calculation of probabilities of the events. Random variables can appear in random sequences. A random process is a sequence of random variables whose outcomes do not follow a deterministic pattern, but follow an evolution described by probability distributions. These and other constructs are extremely useful in probability theory and the various applications of randomness.

Particle

A particle is a minute fragment or quantity of matter. In the physical sciences, the word is used to describe a small localized object to which can be ascribed several physical or chemical properties such as volume or mass; subatomic particles such as protons or neutrons; and other elementary particles. The word is rather general in meaning, and is refined as needed by various scientific fields. Something that is composed of particles may be referred to as being particulate. However, the term particulate is most frequently used to refer to pollutants in the Earth's atmosphere, which are a suspension of unconnected particles, rather than a connected particle aggregation.

Conceptual properties

The concept of particles is particularly useful when modelling nature, as the full treatment of many phenomena is complex. It can be used to make simplifying assumptions concerning the processes involved. Francis Sears and Mark Zemansky, in University Physics, give the example of calculating the landing location and speed of a baseball thrown in the air. They gradually strip the baseball of most of its properties, by first idealizing it as a rigid smooth sphere, then by neglecting rotation, buoyancy and friction, ultimately reducing the problem to the ballistics of a classical point particle. The treatment of large numbers of particles is the realm of statistical physics.

Nikola Tesla

Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла; 10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant. His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current "War of Currents" as well as various patent battles.

Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. He tried to put these ideas to practical use in an ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project. In his lab he also conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited.

J. J. Thomson

Sir Joseph John "J. J." Thomson OM PRS (/ˈtɒmsən/; 18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of London and appointed to the Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics at the Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory in 1884.

In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles, which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large value for their charge-to-mass ratio. Thus he is credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle. Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays (positive ions). His experiments to determine the nature of positively charged particles, with Francis William Aston, were the first use of mass spectrometry and led to the development of the mass spectrograph.

10:29

Does an Electron 'particle' exist? N. Tesla, Heaviside, JC Maxwell & CP Steinmetz said NO

Does an Electron 'particle' exist? N. Tesla, Heaviside, JC Maxwell & CP Steinmetz said NO

Does an Electron 'particle' exist? N. Tesla, Heaviside, JC Maxwell & CP Steinmetz said NO
Does an Electron 'particle' exist? Tesla, Heaviside, JC Maxwell & CP Steinmetz said NO Nikola Tesla November 1928 interview: On the whole subject of matter, in fact, Dr. Tesla holds views that are startlingly original. He disagrees with the accepted atomic theory of matter, and does not believe in the existence of an “electron” as pictured by science. “To account for its apparently small mass, science conceives of the electron as a hollow sphere, a sort of bubble, such a bubble could exist in a medium as a gas or liquid because its internal pressure is not altered by deformation. But if, as supposed, the internal pressure of an electron is due to the repulsion of electric masses, the slightest conceivable deformation must result in the destruction of the bubble! Just to mention another improbability...” - Nikola Tesla Article: “A Famous Prophet of Science Looks into the Future” (Popular Science Monthly) “My ideas regarding the electron are at variance with those generally entertained. I hold that it is a relatively large entity carrying a surface charge and is not an elementary unit (particle). When the ‘electron’ leaves an electrode of high potential and in a high vacuum it carries an electrostatic charge many times greater than normal.” – N. Tesla “In the theoretical treatment of these electrons we are faced with the difficulty that electro-dynamic theory by itself is unable to give an account of their nature.” “For since electrical masses constituting the electron would necessarily be scattered under the influence of their mutual repulsions, unless there are forces of another kind operating between them the nature of which has hitherto remained obscure to us.” - Einstein on electrons; “Relativity”, by Albert Einstein, Random House Publisher, 1916 “To describe an electron as a negatively charged body is equivalent to saying that it is an expanding-contracting particle. There is no such condition in nature as a negative charge, nor are there negatively charged particles. Charge and discharge are opposite conditions, as filling and emptying, or compressing and expanding are opposite conditions.” – W. Russell JJ Thomson developed the “Ether Atom” ideas of M. Faraday into his “Electronic Corpuscle”, this indivisible unit. One corpuscle terminates on one Faradic tube of force, and this quantifies as one Coulomb. This corpuscle is not and electron, it is a constituent of what today is known incorrectly as an “electron”. (Thomson relates 1000 corpuscles per electron) In this view, that taken by W. Crookes, J.J. Thomson, and N. Tesla, the cathode ray is not electrons, but in actuality corpuscles of the Ether.” – E. Dollard “There is no rest mass to an ‘electron’. It is given here the ‘electron’ is no more than a broken loose “hold fast” under the grip of the tensions within the dielectric lines of force. They are the broken ends of the split in half package of spaghetti. Obviously this reasoning is not welcome in the realm of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity.” – E. Dollard “Unfortunately to a large extent in dealing with dielectric fields the prehistoric conception of the electro-static charge, the ‘electron’, on the conductor still exists, and by its use destroys the analogy between the two components of the electric field, the magnetic and dielectric. This makes the consideration of dielectric fields unnecessarily complicated” - C.P. Steinmetz (Electric Discharges, Waves and Impulses) The idea of electricity as a flow of ‘electrons’ in a conductor was regarded by Oliver Heaviside as “a psychosis”. This encouraged Heaviside to begin a series of writings Also consider the J.J. Thomson concept of the "electron" (his own discovery). Thomson considered the electron the terminal end of one unit line of dielectric induction. “Electrons as a separate, distinct entity…doesn’t really exist, they are merely bumps in something called a ‘field’.” - Dr. Steve Biller
12:21

Part 1: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle

Part 1: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle

Part 1: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle
Part 1: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle The discoverer of the PRINCIPLE of the Electron JJ Thomson denied forever that the electron was a particle. Electricity is utterly a mass-free phenomena, as mentioned by many including Dr. Wilhelm Reich in his “Cosmic Superimposition”. Mass has no logical or theoretical place in electrical units and all particle-based conceptions of it are impossible. There is no mass in T.E.M. (transverse electromagnetism). Nikola Tesla November 1928 interview: On the whole subject of matter, in fact, Dr. Tesla holds views that are startlingly original. He disagrees with the accepted atomic theory of matter, and does not believe in the existence of an “electron” as pictured by science. “To account for its apparently small mass, science conceives of the electron as a hollow sphere, a sort of bubble, such a bubble could exist in a medium as a gas or liquid because its internal pressure is not altered by deformation. But if, as supposed, the internal pressure of an electron is due to the repulsion of electric masses, the slightest conceivable deformation must result in the destruction of the bubble! Just to mention another improbability...” - Nikola Tesla Article: “A Famous Prophet of Science Looks into the Future” (Popular Science Monthly) “My ideas regarding the electron are at variance with those generally entertained. I hold that it is a relatively large entity carrying a surface charge and is not an elementary unit (particle). When the ‘electron’ leaves an electrode of high potential and in a high vacuum it carries an electrostatic charge many times greater than normal.” – N. Tesla “In the theoretical treatment of these electrons we are faced with the difficulty that electro-dynamic theory by itself is unable to give an account of their nature.” “For since electrical masses constituting the electron would necessarily be scattered under the influence of their mutual repulsions, unless there are forces of another kind operating between them the nature of which has hitherto remained obscure to us.” - Einstein on electrons; “Relativity”, by Albert Einstein, Random House Publisher, 1916 “To describe an electron as a negatively charged body is equivalent to saying that it is an expanding-contracting particle. There is no such condition in nature as a negative charge, nor are there negatively charged particles. Charge and discharge are opposite conditions, as filling and emptying, or compressing and expanding are opposite conditions.” – W. Russell JJ Thomson developed the “Ether Atom” ideas of M. Faraday into his “Electronic Corpuscle”, this indivisible unit. One corpuscle terminates on one Faradic tube of force, and this quantifies as one Coulomb. This corpuscle is not and electron, it is a constituent of what today is known incorrectly as an “electron”. (Thomson relates 1000 corpuscles per electron) In this view, that taken by W. Crookes, J.J. Thomson, and N. Tesla, the cathode ray is not electrons, but in actuality corpuscles of the Ether.” – E. Dollard “There is no rest mass to an ‘electron’. It is given here the ‘electron’ is no more than a broken loose “hold fast” under the grip of the tensions within the dielectric lines of force. They are the broken ends of the split in half package of spaghetti. Obviously this reasoning is not welcome in the realm of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity.” – E. Dollard “Unfortunately to a large extent in dealing with dielectric fields the prehistoric conception of the electro-static charge, the ‘electron’, on the conductor still exists, and by its use destroys the analogy between the two components of the electric field, the magnetic and dielectric. This makes the consideration of dielectric fields unnecessarily complicated” - C.P. Steinmetz (Electric Discharges, The idea of electricity as a flow of ‘electrons’ in a conductor was regarded by Oliver Heaviside as “a psychosis”. This encouraged Heaviside to begin a series of writings Also consider the J.J. Thomson concept of the "electron" (his own discovery). Thomson considered the electron the terminal end of one unit line of dielectric induction. “Electrons as a separate, distinct entity…doesn’t really exist, they are merely bumps in something called a ‘field’.” - Dr. Steve Biller
0:21

ExB Drift of Particles with Similar Mass and Charge

ExB Drift of Particles with Similar Mass and Charge

ExB Drift of Particles with Similar Mass and Charge
Electromagnetic Simulation of two charged particles with the same electric charge and mass. Coded as a Gridless Forward in Time method. This uses the Lorentz force equation: F = q [ E + (V x B) ] Electric field is evaluated with Coulomb interaction potential whereas the Magnetic field is set as a uniform background. A uniform background Electric field was added to the Coulomb interaction. Positive and negative charged were set randomly in a 2d plane with initial velocities set at random magnitudes and direction. This was allowed to run to show how the charges move under a uniform background electric field. As the charged particles undergo circular motion, they drift due to the uniform electric field background. A 2d representation, kinetic energies, momentum, and angular momentum of each component (x,y,z) is plotted at the top of the simulation. Blue is negatively charged while red is positive. Code was written at University of Calgary over the Summer of 2012 with D. Knudsen and D. Hobill supervising the project. Coded in Fortran, plotted with Gnuplot. Send a PM if interested in Source Code.
4:46

Empty Space is NOT Empty

Empty Space is NOT Empty

Empty Space is NOT Empty
An atom is mostly empty space, but empty space is mostly not empty. The reason it looks empty is because electrons and photons don't interact with the stuff that is there, quark and gluon field fluctuations. It actually takes energy to clear out space and make a true 'empty' vacuum. This seems incredibly counter-intuitive but we can make an analogy to a permanent magnet. When at low energies, like at room temperature, there is a magnetic field around the magnet due to the alignment of all the magnetic moments of the atoms. But if you add some energy to it by heating it, the particles gain thermal energy, which above the Curie temperature makes their magnetic moments randomly oriented and hence destroying the magnetic field. So in this case energy is needed to clear out the field, just as in the quantum vacuum. Special thanks to Professor Derek Leinweber, find out more about his research here: http://bit.ly/ZZTKFP
14:10

Part 2: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle

Part 2: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle

Part 2: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle
Part 2: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle The discoverer of the PRINCIPLE of the Electron JJ Thomson denied forever that the electron was a particle. Electricity is utterly a mass-free phenomena, as mentioned by many including Dr. Wilhelm Reich in his “Cosmic Superimposition”. Mass has no logical or theoretical place in electrical units and all particle-based conceptions of it are impossible. There is no mass in T.E.M. (transverse electromagnetism). Nikola Tesla November 1928 interview: On the whole subject of matter, in fact, Dr. Tesla holds views that are startlingly original. He disagrees with the accepted atomic theory of matter, and does not believe in the existence of an “electron” as pictured by science. “To account for its apparently small mass, science conceives of the electron as a hollow sphere, a sort of bubble, such a bubble could exist in a medium as a gas or liquid because its internal pressure is not altered by deformation. But if, as supposed, the internal pressure of an electron is due to the repulsion of electric masses, the slightest conceivable deformation must result in the destruction of the bubble! Just to mention another improbability...” - Nikola Tesla Article: “A Famous Prophet of Science Looks into the Future” (Popular Science Monthly) “My ideas regarding the electron are at variance with those generally entertained. I hold that it is a relatively large entity carrying a surface charge and is not an elementary unit (particle). When the ‘electron’ leaves an electrode of high potential and in a high vacuum it carries an electrostatic charge many times greater than normal.” – N. Tesla “In the theoretical treatment of these electrons we are faced with the difficulty that electro-dynamic theory by itself is unable to give an account of their nature.” “For since electrical masses constituting the electron would necessarily be scattered under the influence of their mutual repulsions, unless there are forces of another kind operating between them the nature of which has hitherto remained obscure to us.” - Einstein on electrons; “Relativity”, by Albert Einstein, Random House Publisher, 1916 “To describe an electron as a negatively charged body is equivalent to saying that it is an expanding-contracting particle. There is no such condition in nature as a negative charge, nor are there negatively charged particles. Charge and discharge are opposite conditions, as filling and emptying, or compressing and expanding are opposite conditions.” – W. Russell JJ Thomson developed the “Ether Atom” ideas of M. Faraday into his “Electronic Corpuscle”, this indivisible unit. One corpuscle terminates on one Faradic tube of force, and this quantifies as one Coulomb. This corpuscle is not and electron, it is a constituent of what today is known incorrectly as an “electron”. (Thomson relates 1000 corpuscles per electron) In this view, that taken by W. Crookes, J.J. Thomson, and N. Tesla, the cathode ray is not electrons, but in actuality corpuscles of the Ether.” – E. Dollard “There is no rest mass to an ‘electron’. It is given here the ‘electron’ is no more than a broken loose “hold fast” under the grip of the tensions within the dielectric lines of force. They are the broken ends of the split in half package of spaghetti. Obviously this reasoning is not welcome in the realm of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity.” – E. Dollard “Unfortunately to a large extent in dealing with dielectric fields the prehistoric conception of the electro-static charge, the ‘electron’, on the conductor still exists, and by its use destroys the analogy between the two components of the electric field, the magnetic and dielectric. This makes the consideration of dielectric fields unnecessarily complicated” - C.P. Steinmetz (Electric Discharges, The idea of electricity as a flow of ‘electrons’ in a conductor was regarded by Oliver Heaviside as “a psychosis”. This encouraged Heaviside to begin a series of writings Also consider the J.J. Thomson concept of the "electron" (his own discovery). Thomson considered the electron the terminal end of one unit line of dielectric induction. “Electrons as a separate, distinct entity…doesn’t really exist, they are merely bumps in something called a ‘field’.” - Dr. Steve Biller
2:40

I'M NOT DRUNK: The Game

I'M NOT DRUNK: The Game

I'M NOT DRUNK: The Game
Help Player 1 get to his car without losing his keys! http://www.facebook.com/POYKPAC http://www.twitter.com/POYKPAC MUSIC BY: Bit Shifter - http://bit.shifter.net Songs: "Particle Charge," "Reformat the Planet" Random - http://www.randomizer.se Songs: "Micawber's Moan," "The Wrong Mistake," "Grey Love," "Night Flower" CREDITS Writer/Director - Ryan Hunter Graphics - Taige Jensen & Ryan Hunter Special Thanks to Rafi Fine of TheFineBros CAST Player 1 - Taige Jensen (POYKPAC) Bill - Abe Epperson (Those Aren't Muskets) Todd - Noah Byrne (Horsehead Businessman) Ex-Girlfriend - Maggie Ross (POYKPAC) Random Victim #1 - Tyler Brown (Horsehead Businessman) Random Victim #2 - Scott Gairdner (ScottGairdner.com) Random Victim #3 - Michael Swaim (Those Aren't Muskets) Best Friend - Ryan Hunter (POYKPAC) Officer Hodges - Adam Justice (Horsehead Businessman) *And no. This is not a real game. :) Version 2.2
4:19

How Special Relativity Makes Magnets Work

How Special Relativity Makes Magnets Work

How Special Relativity Makes Magnets Work
MinutePhysics on permanent magnets: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFAOXdXZ5TM Subscribe to Veritasium: http://bit.ly/SuBVe Support Veritasium- get a t-shirt: http://dft.ba/-vetshirt Subscribe to MinutePhysics: http://bit.ly/1eVPynh Magnetism seems like a pretty magical phenomenon. Rocks that attract or repel each other at a distance - that's really cool - and electric current in a wire interacts in the same way. What's even more amazing is how it works. We normally think of special relativity as having little bearing on our lives because everything happens at such low speeds that relativistic effects are negligible. But when you consider the large number of charges in a wire and the strength of the electric interaction, you can see that electromagnets function thanks to the special relativistic effect of length contraction. In a frame of reference moving with the charges, there is an electric field that creates a force on the charges. But in the lab frame, there is no electric field so it must be a magnetic field creating the force. Hence we see that a magnetic field is what an electric field becomes when an electrically charged object starts moving. I was inspired to make this video by Prof. Eric Mazur http://mazur.harvard.edu/emdetails.php Huge thank you to Ralph at the School of Physics, University of Sydney for helping us out with all this magnetic gear. Thanks also to geology for loaning the rocks. This video was filmed in the studio at the University of New South Wales - thanks to all the staff there for their time and support. Music: Firefly in a Fairytale, Nathaniel Schroeder, and Love Lost (Instrumental) by Temper Trap licensed from CueSongs.com
5:31

Galaxies From Nothing

Galaxies From Nothing

Galaxies From Nothing
All the large-scale structure in the universe may owe its existence to nothing. Sponsored by the Dyson 360 Eye Robot #ad: http://bit.ly/2cGqBRV Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://bit.ly/VePatreon Thanks to Patreon supporters: Bryan Baker, Donal Botkin, Tony Fadell, Saeed Alghamdi Let's see how clearly I can explain this. We think of empty space as, well... empty, the epitome of nothingness. But as our understanding of physics has evolved we have realized that it's not truly empty. Space is filled with fields. There is a field for every subatomic particle. One for electrons, up quarks, down quarks, neutrinos and so on. In empty space these fields are basically zero, flat, nil. But it's impossible to make them perfectly zero so there are always some quantum fluctuations in the fields, even in a perfect vacuum. These are sometimes called virtual particles but they should really just be thought of as little disturbances in the field. Vacuum fluctuation play a role mediating the interactions of subatomic particles but they don't really have an impact on the large-scale structure of the universe, EXCEPT during inflation, right after the big bang when the universe increased in size 10^26 times. Due to this rapid expansion, those tiny fluctuations were blown up to the scale of the observable universe. And we know this by looking at the cosmic microwave background radiation where we can see slightly hotter and cooler parts of the early universe that correspond to density fluctuations. And it is these density fluctuations that allowed matter to clump together into large structures like the gigantic gas clouds that would go on to contain stars and planets. In case the video isn't clear, this is what I've been trying to say. Animations by Gustavo Rosa This video was sponsored in part by Dyson #ad
3:40

Subatomic Particles Explained In Under 4 Minutes

Subatomic Particles Explained In Under 4 Minutes

Subatomic Particles Explained In Under 4 Minutes
Although there’s no direct evidence of dark matter, things strongly suggest that it exist. Let’s explore the world of subatomic particles. Follow Julian on Twitter: https://twitter.com/jhug00 Read More: Scientists May Have Finally Detected A Dark Matter Signal http://www.iflscience.com/space/could-scientists-have-finally-detected-dark-matter-signal “Could scientists have finally spotted a signal from dark matter—the elusive, theoretical substance that’s thought to make up much of the universe?” Could Mystery Signal be First Detection of Dark Matter? http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/could-mystery-signal-be-first-detection-of-dark-matter-140812.htm “Through the analysis of light from distant galactic clusters, astronomers have detected a mysterious signal that they’re having a hard time explaining.” Sterile neutrino http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_neutrino “Sterile neutrinos (inert neutrinos) are hypothetical particles (neutral leptons – neutrinos) that do not interact via any of the fundamental interactions of the Standard Model except gravity.” Regular Neutrinos http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino#Direct_detection ____________________ DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily. Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez Tara Long on Twitter https://twitter.com/TaraLongest DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews Discovery News http://discoverynews.com Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq
10:17

What is Spin? | Quantum Mechanics

What is Spin? | Quantum Mechanics

What is Spin? | Quantum Mechanics
Research assignment: Teach me about spin. Below there are suggested questions, recommended sources and my social media accounts: QUESTIONS: Questions that require less research: 1. This is our first real example of quantization, the phenomena that gives quantum mechanics it’s name. Here’s what it means. In the classical case of magnets going through a Stern Gerlach machine, the magnets can end up any where in the range. But in quantum mechanics, its can only be exactly up or down, these discrete values rather than a continuous range in between. This sort of quantization really bothered physicists. Can you understand why? And is there any classical physics phenomenon that also has sort of quantization? 2. Do you think that eventually all quantities in physics can be explained in terms of deeper physics? Are there any examples of quantities that later on did get explained through a more encompassing theory? 3. How can you use the Stern-Gerlach machine to measure spin in the ‘forward-backward’ direction? 4. Why do half the particles go left, half right at 4:24? Questions that (probably) require research: 5. What are bosons and fermions? What’s spin got to do with it? If you really want to get into it, read ch 4, volume 3 of The Feynman Lectures: http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_toc.html 6. Electrons are so-called spin 1/2 particles. Are there any other spin types? What determines what spin a particle will have? 7. How does spin relate to the Pauli exclusion principle? 8. Explain how the Stern-Gerlach machine works 9. Is light polarization a type of spin? What are arguments for and against this? What spin does a photon have (spin 1/2, spin 1 etc)? 10. Why is it that charged particles moving causes magnetic fields- according to Einstein? (Look up relativity and electromagnetism) 11. What’s wrong with saying the electron is infinitely small? What experiments measure the electrons size? Are protons also infinitely small? 12. Find other reasons we don’t believe electrons are actually spinning. (An interesting one is about rotating a spin particle 360 degrees, and not getting back the exact same wavefunction.) 13. a) What is the Bloch Sphere, and why can we use it to represent spin? How do you visualise the spin left state on it? how about spin forward? (http://comp.uark.edu/~jgeabana/blochapps/bloch.html , note that a 2-level system is any particle that only has two options when measured (eg only up or down). |0) and |1) are the generic labels we’ll put on these options) b) Also, How do you write spin forward in terms of up and down (i.e. |forward)=a|up)+b|down))? You will probably need to look this up, so it’s useful to know the spin “up/down”ness is usually called spin in the z direction, spin “left/right”ness is spin in the x direction, and spin “forward/backward” is spin in the y direction. You can figure this out by looking at the Bloch sphere. 14. Magnetic Resonance Imaginging (MRI) is an important clinical technic that completely relies on manipulating spin. Explain it! http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Magnetic_resonance_imaging 15. What happens to the electrons if you put them into the Stern-Gerlach machine and then slowly rotated from up and down to side and side, do some of the electrons switch places? (Thank you Majoofi) 16. Why aren't there magnetic monopoles? (Thanks Culwin) 17. What is isospin? Why is it that, even though it hasn't got the units of angular momentum, it still 'formally acts like spin?' according to Wiki? (Thanks Hythloday71) RECOMMENDED SOURCES ON SPIN The Feynman lectures, Volume 3: http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_toc.html Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particle Physics- Eisberg and Resnick, the chapters of angular momentum and spin. This is a good one if you already know basic classical electromagnetism. Don't buy it, just visit your local university library and just read it there. Sneaking a Look at God's Cards - Ghirardi. This is one of my favourite quantum books. It talks about the Stern-Gerlach experiment. Wikipedia or Scholarpedia. These are always a good place to start- though sometimes they can throw you into the maths. Don't panic if you don't get all of it. Just try to glean the main idea, and that's more than enough to report here. Hopefully then others can help with any details that were confusing. The Story of Spin. Thank you Michael Sommers for the recommendation. I haven't read it, but it seems good! Hard to find though. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1349918.The_Story_of_Spin A Veritasium and Minute Physics video about electromagnetism! Thanks EnellGmz for reminding me about it. https://youtu.be/1TKSfAkWWN0 SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: @Looking_glass_u Facebook www.facebook.com/LookingGlassUniverse Tumblr http://looking-glass-universe.tumblr.com/
1:22

[8BP118] V/A: Reformat promo • Ten Thousand Free Men & Their Families “Hexadecimal Genome”

[8BP118] V/A: Reformat promo • Ten Thousand Free Men & Their Families “Hexadecimal Genome”

[8BP118] V/A: Reformat promo • Ten Thousand Free Men & Their Families “Hexadecimal Genome”
Conceived in conspiratorial secret by Michael Lerman (Datapop, Fuckjazzforaminute) as a birthday present for Josh Davis (Bit Shifter), the Reformat compilation sees nearly two dozen reinterpretations of tracks from the Bit Shifter EP Information Chase, by musicians from around the world, in a dizzying and at times hilarious array of styles and approaches. Released to coincide with the five-year anniversary of Information Chase, Reformat takes the opportunity to approach a handful of familiar tracks from 23 unexpected angles, resulting in a compilation that's as unpredictable as it is inventive. All profits from sale of the Reformat compilation will go to Japan earthquake and Pacific tsunami relief via the American Red Cross. Available at http://8bitpeoples.spinshop.com/details/68787 Tracklisting: 1. The J. Arthur Keenes Band: Chase Init_ 2. Sievert: Happy Birthday Activation 3. exileFaker: Reformat The Planet (Double Hybrid Rainbow Version) 4. Henry Homesweet: Chase Init_ (Henry Homesweet Remix) 5. Coova: Reformat The Planet 6. TouchBoy: Hexadecimal Genome (Hex-A-Mind Remix) 7. Ten Thousand Free Men And Their Families: Hexadecimal Genome 8. little-scale: Chase Init_ 9. The Squarewave Surfers: Reformater la Planète 10. Saskrotch: Paper Chase Init_ 11. Maru303: Reformat The Electro (Reformat The Planet Remixxxxxxx) 12. Tonylight: Elkapot Part I 13. glomag & Corset Lore: Particle Charge 14. Random: Reformat The Planet (Random Version) 15. Albino Ghost Monkey: Activation Theme 16. Bud Melvin: Reformat The Back Porch 17. cTrix: Hexadecimal Genome 18. Natty: Reformanatee The Planetee 19. nordloef: Activation Theme 20. Fuckjazzforaminute: The Three Minute Information Chase 21. Magic Hammer: THVNDERCHASE 22. IAYD: Reformat The Planet 23. The Anomaly Quintet: The Information Saunter
0:11

Spontaneous Decay

Spontaneous Decay

Spontaneous Decay
Nothing special but I found it interesting. A bunch of particles that "decays" spontaneously. There's a random charge from -1 to 1 applied to each particle. They settle into a stable static position but every now and then small instabilities initiate a runaway process and a pair of particles is accelerated to high velocities, flying away, perhaps nudging nearby particles. They emit orange trails to make the effect more visible.
1:09

Nicolas Guerrero 3D Technical Director Reel 2016

Nicolas Guerrero 3D Technical Director Reel 2016

Nicolas Guerrero 3D Technical Director Reel 2016
Descriptions for each section in the video: 1.0 – All aspects: fly through animation done while studying at Media Design School. The project consisted in creating a believable environment using physically based rendering and using compositing skills to enhance the image sequence, add additional elements and fix potential render issues. Software used: Autodesk Maya, VRay 3.0, Mari, Photoshop, ZBrush, Nuke. 2.1 – Body and facial rig blending through python code: From the short film “The Dragon’s Scale”. Blending of gecko body and facial rig through python code. In order to meet the director’s artistic vision, multiple iterations of the gecko model and rig were done, my job was to make sure the body rig and facial rig could be combined together quickly and efficiently to speed up the pipeline, so I did this through python code. The process involved collecting the body and facial rigs, which were done by two different artists, and setting up blend shapes, controllers and additional rig functionality if needed. I was also in charge of making sure the rigs were fully functional before sending them off to the animators. Software used: Autodesk Maya 2015, PyCharm. 2.2 – Body and facial rig blending through python code: From the short film “The Dragon’s Scale”. Blending of dragon body and facial rig through python code. Just like the gecko, the dragon required complex body and facial rigs that needed to be blended together quickly to make up for the number of iterations or issues that came up during production. In the case of the dragon, functionality issues extended to the alembic exporting stage due to the complexity of the rig, so these issues were addressed and also fixed through code while working closely with the lead riggers. Software used: Autodesk Maya 2015, PyCharm. 3.0 – All aspects: “Empress”, a personal still life project inspired by a painting done by Evan Lee. All modelling was done by me except the female body model, which was supplied by the software Daz3D. Texturing was done with The Foundry’s Mari and Adobe Photoshop. The lighting, surfacing and rendering was done mostly with Renderman RIS 20 in Maya 2016. Other render engines used for this piece were: Houdini’s Mantra for the volumetric clouds, VRay for the volumetric fog and Maya Hardware for the particles. Most of the compositing was done with The Foundry’s Nuke, followed by some final colour correction in Photoshop. Software used: Autodesk Maya, ZBrush, Daz3D, Marvelous Designer, Houdini, Mari, Photoshop, Nuke, Renderman RIS, VRay 3.0, Maya Hardware. 4.0 – All modelling, shading, texturing (not including the mountain texturing), particle instancing for the trees and dynamic trees: From the student short film “The Trocean”. For this film I developed tools to speed up our pipeline due to the amount of shots and complex environments. To propagate the trees for each shot, I created a particle instancing tool through python that would create a particle system, assign the different tree models to an instancer and create attributes such as random rotation, scale, random object selection, etc. The particle instancing workflow proved to be stable, easy to set up and provided us with manageable render times. Software used: Autodesk Maya, PyCharm, Mari, VRay 3.0, Photoshop. 4.1 –All Aspects. Showcase of the dynamic tree tool created for the student short film “The Trocean”. In this sequence I show a tool I created through python to create dynamic trees for the characters and vehicles in the film to interact with. An interface was created so that all members of the team could set up the dynamic tree scenes without much difficulty. The tool would assist the user by: A. Providing locators that the user would place around the environment defining the path and height of each tree. B. Importing all trees: looping one tree per locator on the locator’s position in world space and assigning that tree a random creation seed. C. Creating “guide geometry groups” for each of the trees. These groups consisted of a rigid body sphere, a locator parented to the sphere and a negative radial field in the centre of each sphere. The tool also set up a direct connection from the locator’s translation to the uniform force of its corresponding tree. D. Making the characters and vehicles work dynamically with the guide geometry. The Ship and creature rigs had positive radial fields which would push the spheres away. The spheres then would slowly “orbit” their way back into their original position with the help of their negative radial fields, giving tree movement a more natural falloff. 4.2 – From the student short film “The Trocean”. Demonstration of the dynamic tree setup in one of the film’s final shots, showing the creature interacting with the trees. 5.0 – All aspects: “Failed Negotiations”, still life project done during my studies at Media Design School. The project consisted in taking a photograph (le

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τα αγαπημένα μου οκτάμπιτα [vol.2]

00:00 keygen music 12 01:23 redshift [supergalactic] - iayd 06:09 never enough - tugboat 0...

published: 29 Apr 2014

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Does an Electron 'particle' exist? N. Tesla, Heaviside, JC Maxwell & CP Steinmetz said NO

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ExB Drift of Particles with Similar Mass and Charge

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ExB Drift of Particles with Similar Mass and Charge

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Part 2: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle

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Does an Electron 'particle' exist? N. Tesla, Heaviside, JC Maxwell & CP Steinmetz said NO

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ExB Drift of Particles with Similar Mass and Charge

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τα αγαπημένα μου οκτάμπιτα [vol.2]

τα αγαπημένα μου οκτάμπιτα [vol.2]

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Does an Electron 'particle' exist? N. Tesla, Heaviside, JC Maxwell & CP Steinmetz said NO

Part 1: The Atomistic fallacy and psychosis of the so-called "electron" particle

ExB Drift of Particles with Similar Mass and Charge

Empty Space is NOT Empty