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27 November 1940 -- 20 July
1973) was a
Hong Kongese actor, martial arts instructor, philosopher, film director, film producer, screenwriter, founder of
Jeet Kune Do, and the son of
Cantonese opera star
Lee Hoi-Chuen. He is widely considered by many commentators, critics, media and other martial artists to be the greatest and most influential martial artist of all time, and a pop culture icon of the
20th century. He is often credited with changing the way
Asians were presented in
American films.[8] Lee was born in
Chinatown, San Francisco on 27 November 1940 to parents from
Hong Kong and was raised in
Kowloon with his family until his late teens. Lee returned to
San Francisco at the age of 18 to claim his
U.S. citizenship and receive his higher education.[9] It was during this time that he began teaching martial arts, which soon led to film and television roles.
His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional
Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim, sparking a surge of interest in
Chinese martial arts in the
West in the
1970s. The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in Hong Kong and the rest of the world. He is noted for his roles in five feature-length films:
Lo Wei's
The Big Boss (
1971) and
Fist of Fury (
1972);
Way of the Dragon (1972), directed and written by Lee;
Warner Brothers'
Enter the Dragon (1973) and
The Game of Death (1978), both directed by
Robert Clouse.[11] Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world, particularly among the
Chinese, as he portrayed
Chinese nationalism in his films.[12] He initially trained in
Wing Chun, but later rejected well-defined martial art styles, favouring instead the use of techniques from various sources, in the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy, which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do (
The Way of the Intercepting
Fist). Lee died in
Kowloon Tong on 20 July 1973.
Lee's father
Lee Hoi-chuen was a famous Cantonese opera star. Because of this, Lee was introduced into films at a very young age and appeared in several films as a child. Lee had his first role as a baby who was carried onto the stage in the film
Golden Gate Girl. By the time he was 18, he had appeared in twenty films
While in the
United States from
1959 to 1964, Lee abandoned thoughts of a film career in favour of pursuing martial arts. However, a martial arts exhibition on
Long Beach in 1964 eventually led to the invitation by
William Dozier for an audition for a part in the pilot for "
Number One Son". The show never aired, but Lee was invited for the role of
Kato alongside
Van Williams in the
TV series The Green Hornet. The show lasted just one season, from 1966 to 1967. Lee also played Kato in three crossover episodes of
Batman. This was followed by guest appearances in three television series:
Ironside (1967),
Here Come the Brides (
1969), and
Blondie (1969).
At the time, two of Lee's martial arts students were
Hollywood script writer
Stirling Silliphant and actor
James Coburn. In 1969 the three worked on a script for a film called
The Silent Flute, and went together on a location hunt to
India. The project was not realised at the time; but the
1978 film Circle of Iron, starring
David Carradine, was based on the same plot. In
2010, producer
Paul Maslansky was reported to plan and receive fundings for a film based on the original script for The Silent Flute.[58] In 1969, Lee made a brief appearance in the Silliphant-penned film
Marlowe where he played a henchman hired to intimidate private detective
Philip Marlowe, (played by
James Garner), by smashing up his office with leaping kicks and flashing punches, only to later accidentally jump off a tall building while trying to kick Marlowe off.
According to statements made by Lee, and also by
Linda Lee Cadwell after Lee's death, in 1971 Lee pitched a television series of his own tentatively titled
The Warrior, discussions which were also confirmed by
Warner Bros. In a
9 December 1971 television interview on
The Pierre Berton Show, Lee stated that both
Paramount and Warner Brothers wanted him "to be in a modernized type of a thing, and that they think the
Western idea is out, whereas I want to do the Western".According to Cadwell, however, Lee's concept was retooled and renamed
Kung Fu, but Warner Bros.
- published: 22 Sep 2012
- views: 3094