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We traveled to the Bolivian altiplano plateau for the first pre-Inca cultures. We crossed
Lake Titicaca, walked through the arid
Peruvian coast, we visited the oldest archaeological sites, witness rituals led by shamans and know the looters and grave robbers. Know everything that happened centuries before the
Incas to become the lords of the
Andes absorbing all previous cultures.
00:50 From the ruins of the former settlements of the
Inca and
Tiwanaku cultures, on lake
Titicaca, the Cayahualla priests worship
Tata Inti, the
Sun God.
The
Tiwanaku culture appeared in about the fourth century AD, on the Bolivian plateau, just a few kilometres from the shores of Lake Titicaca.
04:13 On the islands of the
Sun and Moon, we find numerous ruins of Tiwanaku origin, and which were later occupied by the Incas. The ancient mystical observatories are still used by the shaman in their ceremonies of invocation and meditation.
06:24 The majority of the coast of
Peru is dry desert land. Nonetheless, this inhospitable land was the birth place of great civilisations, . this is the case of the
Chimú culture who constructed irrigation channels, and created gardens in the desert. With their advanced techniques, they developed agricultural societies capable of supporting large numbers of inhabitants. The Chimú culture built cities like this one, Chanchán, perhaps the largest city in the world at the time, with around
100,
000 inhabitants.
08:00 Still today, the fishermen along the coast of northern Peru use these boats, called “cattail horses”, to work the fishing grounds close to the shore. The cattail is a type of reed or bulrush which grows in the marshlands.
Once it is cut and dried in the sun, it becomes tough and flexible, very resistant, and waterproof. At dawn, the fishermen set out to sea, expertly maintaining their balance as they ride the waves, using the most ancient of all surfing techniques.
11:02 The anthropomorphic face of the ‘
Slitter of
Men’s Throats’, at the Tomb, or ‘Huaca’ of the
Moon, introduces us to the
Moche culture, which flourished along these same coastal valleys, before the
Chimú empire, from
200 BC to
700 AD.
15:22 The ‘San Pedro’ is a cactus which contains a powerful alkali with relaxant and hallucinatory properties mescaline, a mind-altering substance which induces a profound state of trance, also known as peyote
. In the dark of night, and presided over by the shaman, rituals are held, at which they ingest the
San Pedro.
21:34 The collection of over 16,000 skulls in the
Archaeological museum in
Lima makes it possible to study the pathology of these ancient cultures. These Nasca and Paraca skulls were subjected to a traumatic deformation, apparently simply for aesthetic reasons. A long, thin skull was a
symbol of the upper class.
25:28
The discovery of the Tomb of the
Lord of Sipan, a former president of Peru, was the most important archaeological discovery of
America in the last decades
.
30:00 These objects are made of gold, and come from the tomb of the Lord of Sipan.
The police seized them from the grave robber Ernil Bernal, and they provided the clue for the archaelogist
Walter Alva to discover this extraordinary
Moche mausoleum.
30:32 The ‘Huaca Rajada’, the ‘
Cracked Tomb’, is the burial complex of the Lord of Sipan. Excavations are still going on at this extraordinary find.
37:16 Every night, under cover of darkness, the robbers continue to find treasures, raiding the tombs of the Moche,
Chimu,
Chancay,
Paracas, Nasca…The treasures they unearth are bought for pitiful sums by unscrupulous merchants, and sold on the black market.
41:00
We are leaving the coast and heading east, to discover the
Chachapoya culture.
We can see the ancient walls of their settlements along the cliffs and crags, totally inaccessible.
Without a doubt,
Kuelap is the most astonishing of all the
Chachapoya cities. On the sacred mountain of La Petaca, there are over one hundred tombs in which they laid to rest their mummified dead. It is not known how they were able to construct them high up on the sheer rock face. The Chachapoya mummies are the product of a relatively sophisticated process.
49:
21 And finally, the Incas arrived! Their
Empire, the
Tahuantinsuyo, extended from what is now
Ecuador, to
Argentina and
Chile, absorbing all previous cultures. They became the masters of the Andes. They built astonishing cities, like the sacred Machupichu, abandoned since the arrival of the
Spanish.
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