Genetic counseling is the process by which patients or relatives, at risk of an inherited disorder, are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of developing or transmitting it, and the options open to them in management and family planning. This complex process can be separated into diagnostic (the actual estimation of risk) and supportive aspects.

The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) officially defines genetic counseling as the understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. This process integrates:

A genetic counselor is an expert with a Master of Science degree in genetic counseling. In the United States they are certified by the American Board of Genetic Counseling.[1] In Canada, genetic counselors are certified by the Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors. Most enter the field from a variety of disciplines, including biology, genetics, nursing, psychology, public health and social work.^{[citation needed]} Genetic counselors should be expert educators, skilled in translating the complex language of genomic medicine into terms that are easy to understand.