Austin Peay (June 1, 1876 – October 2, 1927) was the 32nd Governor of Tennessee from 1923 until his death in 1927.In fact, he probably reformed the state more than any other governor in Tennessee.

Peay, a native of Kentucky, moved to Clarksville, Tennessee and opened a law practice in 1896. He was first elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1901 and re-elected in 1903. A strong supporter of public education, Peay obtained the Democratic Party nomination for governor in 1922 to oppose incumbent Republican governor Alfred A. Taylor.

Peay defeated Taylor in the election of November, 1922. Inaugurated as governor on January 16, 1923, Peay undertook a major reorganization of state government, partially to strengthen education, but also to improve transportation. The Tennessee Department of Highways and Public Works (now Tennessee Department of Transportation) was established as part of Peay's reorganizational efforts. He was re-elected in 1924.

Peay was governor during the Scopes Trial. Although he had signed the Butler Act banning the teaching of the theory of evolution, given his emphasis on and support for education, it seems unlikely that he was pleased with the nature of the publicity that this event gave the state. (The state government had engaged William Jennings Bryan to defend the law and prosecute Scopes, however.) Peay was reelected to a third term in 1926. His health seemed to be declining, and many suggested that attempting to get the state legislature to fund his education plans properly (which was difficult in view of the limited tax base in the Tennessee of the 1920s) was taking a toll on him. When he died in late 1927 after having had a particularly protracted battle over school funding with the legislature in the spring of that year, many citizens, especially the more progressive ones, reacted almost as if the legislature had killed him.