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The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video and sound.
NASA film HQ-282
from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury" http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm
The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In common with earlier spacecraft, it used an octagonal main structure, solar cells and a battery for electrical power, three-axis attitude stabilization and control by nitrogen gas jets, celestial references by star and Sun sensors, S-band radio for command, telemetry, and ranging, a high-gain antenna, a low-gain antenna, a scan platform to point science instruments, and a hydrazine rocket propulsion system for trajectory corrections. The spacecraft was designed to fit folded into the launch configuration of the Atlas SLV -3D/Centaur D-IA launch vehicle...
Launch weight of the spacecraft was 533.6 kg (1175 Ib), including 29 kg (64 lb) of hydrazine propellant and 30 kg (66 1 b) associated with the adapter to the launch vehicle. The payload of scientific instruments weighed 78 kg (172 lb). Subsystems included equipment to modulate and demodulate electrical signals, generate, store, and distribute power, handle flight data, control spacecraft attitude, release mechanical devices, propel the spacecraft, control temperature, articulate and point spacecraft devices, store data onboard the spacecraft, and communicate with Earth. There was also a central computer and sequencer. All these subsystems together with mechanical devices used for deployment supported the science experiments.
Some changes to the Mariner concept were needed for the mission to Mercury, principally because the spacecraft had to approach the Sun much closer than any previous planetary spacecraft. This required improved ways to insulate the
spacecraft from solar radiation. Thermal control of the new Mariner had to protect it from solar intensities up to 4 1/2 times that incident upon the Earth. Thermal control required, in addition to a large sunshade, louvers and protective thermal blankets, the ability to rotate the solar panels about an axis that ran along their length. By changing the angle at which the sunlight shone on the panels, the solar cells were kept at a suitable temperature- about 115°C (239°F)- as the spacecraft approached closer to the Sun. Both panels could turn up to a total of 76 deg from directly facing the Sun and could be rotated individually in fine steps.
Other major design changes from past Mariners included the addition of a capability to handle up to 118 thousand bits per second of TV data and 2450 bits/sec for nonimaging science and engineering data as well as the capability for both S- and X-band ranging and X-band carrier transmission. Also, a central flight data subsystem for science and engineering data processing and science control allowed engineering format to be programmed in flight and provided 21 data modes for television, nonimaging science, engineering, and data storage playback...
The spacecraft had to be launched during a short, 1.5-hour "window" on November 2, 1973... Within 12 seconds of Atlas engine cutoff, the bright nucleus of the Centaur's twin engines blossomed in the night sky, to burn fiercely for 5.1 min to push the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit at an altitude of 188 km (117 mi) and a speed of 28,046 km/hr ( 17,428 mi/hr). Silently the Centaur and the spacecraft moved weightless nearly a third of the way around the Earth. Again the Centaur's engines erupted into flame, expanding exhaust jets into the vacuum of space. The Centaur and its payload bounded forward in orbit, breaking free of Earth's gravity within 2.25 min at a speed of 40,969 km/hr (25,458 mi/hr) headed backwards along Earth's orbit around the Sun...
By February 4, Mariner 10 was 640,000 km (about 400,000 mi) from Venus and approaching the planet at a speed of over 29,600 km/hr ( 18,400 mi/hr)... At 9:21 a.m. PDT on February 5, 1974, Mariner started to take photographs...
Mariner 10 began taking pictures of Mercury on March 23, from a distance of 5.3 million km (3 .3 million mi). Photography was intermittent for the next four days but became an almost continuous operation on March 28, one picture
bemg taken every 42 sec...
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on 3 November 1973 to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner programme (Mariner 11 and 12 were redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity-assist mission.
During its flyby of Venus, Mariner 10 discovered evidence of rotating clouds and a very weak magnetic field.
Mariner 10 flew past Mercury three times in total. Owing to the geometry of its orbit — its orbital period was almost exactly twice Mercury's — the same side of Mercury was sunlit each time, so it was only able to map 40-45% of Mercury's surface, taking over 2800 photos. It revealed a more or less moon-like surface. It thus contributed enormously to our understanding of the planet, whose surface had not been successfully resolved through telescopic observation.
Credit: NASA
Music: Marcus P. Graf
- published: 07 May 2008
- views: 17117
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Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on November 3, 1973 to flyby the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program (Mariner 11 and 12 were purposed to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2).
Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary "gravitational slingshot" maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control.
The Mariner 10 spacecraft was launched on the first day of the scheduled launch period, November 3, 1973, at 0045 Eastern Standard Time (0545 UTC) from Cape Canaveral, Florida, using an Atlas/Centaur D1-A launch vehicle. The spacecraft received a gravity assist from Venus on February 5, 1974 and encountered Mercury on March 29, 1974, 146 days after launch. The exploration of Mercury was the primary objective of the mission and the basis for the selection of the Mariner 10 experiment complement.
After completing a 176-day solar orbit following its first Mercury flyby, the Mariner 10 spacecraft successfully encountered Mercury for a second time on September 21, 1974. The reencounter was at the same position in the solar system, 0.46 AU from the Sun. The spacecraft passed by the sunlit side of Mercury at an altitude of 48,069 km.
Mariner 10 passed Mercury for the third time on March 16, 1975, at 327 km altitude.
With its maneuvering gas just about exhausted, Mariner 10 started another orbit of the Sun. Engineering tests were continued until March 24, 1975, when the final depletion of the nitrogen supply was signaled by the onset of an un-programmed pitch turn. Commands were immediately sent to the spacecraft to turn off its transmitter, and radio signals to Earth ceased.
Presently, Mariner 10 is still orbiting the sun, although its on-board electronics have probably been damaged by the sun's radiation.
This is an entire book about Mariner 10, with all pictures and diagrams, on-line! Scroll down to click on the "Table of Contents" link:
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm
- published: 02 Dec 2010
- views: 15317
This is a shortened version of the film "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet ." This film provides a brief description of the Mariner 10 mission, and explains how the spacecraft used gravity assist.
- published: 29 Mar 2013
- views: 2367
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kASweAGi-lo
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
NASA film HQ-282
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the aspect ratio corrected and mild noise reduction applied.
part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WV-dlCT_cHE
from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury"
The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In common with earlier spacecraft, it used an octagonal main structure, solar cells and a battery for electrical power, three-axis attitude stabilization and control by nitrogen gas jets, celestial references by star and Sun sensors, S-band radio for command, telemetry, and ranging, a high-gain antenna, a low-gain antenna, a scan platform to point science instruments, and a hydrazine rocket propulsion system for trajectory corrections. The spacecraftwas designed to fit folded into the launch configuration of the Atlas SLV -3D/Centaur D-IA launch vehicle...
Launch weight of the spacecraft was 533.6 kg (1175 Ib), including 29 kg (64 lb) of hydrazine propellant and 30 kg (66 1 b) associated with the adapter to the launch vehicle. The payload of scientific instruments weighed 78 kg (172 lb). Subsystems included equipment to modulate and demodulate electrical signals, generate, store, and distribute power, handle flight data, controlspacecraft attitude, release mechanical devices, propel the spacecraft, control temperature, articulate and point spacecraft devices, store data onboard the spacecraft, and communicate with Earth. There was also a central computer and sequencer. All these subsystems together with mechanical devices used for deployment supported the science experiments.
Some changes to the Mariner concept wereneeded for the mission to Mercury, principally because the spacecraft had to approach the Sun much closer than any previous planetary spacecraft. This required improved ways to insulate the spacecraft from solar radiation. Thermal control of the new Mariner had to protect it from solar intensities up to 4 1/2 times that incident upon the Earth. Thermal control required, in addition to a large sunshade, louvers and protective thermal blankets, the ability to rotate the solar panels about an axis that ran along their length. By changing the angle at which the sunlight shone on the panels, the solar cells were kept at a suitable temperature- about 115°C (239°F)- as the spacecraft approached closer to the Sun. Both panels could turn up to a total of 76 deg from directly facing the Sun and could be rotated individually in fine steps.
Other major design changes from past Mariners included the addition
of a capability to handle up to 118 thousand bits per second of TV data and 2450 bits/sec for nonimaging science and engineering data as well as the capability for both S- and X-band ranging and X-band carrier transmission. Also, a central flight data subsystem for science and engineering data processing and science control allowed engineering format to be programmed in flight and provided 21 data modes for television, nonimaging science, engineering, and data storage playback...
The spacecraft had to be launched during a short, 1.5-hour "window" on November 2, 1973... Within 12 seconds of Atlas engine cutoff, the bright nucleus of the Centaur's twin engines blossomed in the night sky, to burn fiercely for 5.1 min to push the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit at an altitude of 188 km (117 mi) and a speed of 28,046 km/hr ( 17,428 mi/hr). Silently the Centaur and the spacecraft moved weightless nearly a third of the way around the Earth. Again the Centaur's engines erupted into flame, expanding exhaust jets into the vacuum of space. The Centaur and its payload bounded forward in orbit, breaking free of Earth's gravity within 2.25 min at a speed of 40,969 km/hr (25,458 mi/hr) headed backwards along Earth's orbit around the Sun...
By February 4, Mariner 10 was 640,000 km (about 400,000 mi) from Venus and approaching the planet at a speed of over 29,600 km/hr ( 18,400 mi/hr)... At 9:21 a.m. PDT on February 5, 1974, Mariner started to take photographs...
Mariner 10 began taking pictures of Mercury on March 23, from a distance of 5.3 million km (3 .3 million mi). Photography was intermittent for the next four days but became an almost co~tinuous operation on March 28, one picture
bemg taken every 42 sec...
- published: 13 Oct 2011
- views: 2446
This film has been made available courtesy the US Department of Defence, NASAimages.org and the US National Archives.
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Also included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
CharlieDeanArchives - Archive footage from the 20th century making history come alive!
- published: 10 Jan 2016
- views: 271
"Mariner 10" was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus.
Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program .
The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary gravitational slingshot maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control.
The components on Mariner 10 can be categorized into four groups based on their common function. The solar panels, power subsystem, attitude control, and computer kept the spacecraft operating properly during the flight. The navigational system, including the hydrazine rocket, would keep Mariner 10 on track to Venus and Mercury. Several scientific instruments would collect data at the two planets. Finally, the antennas would transmit this data to the Deep Space Network back on Earth, as well as receive commands from Mission Control. Mariner 10's various components and scientific instruments were attached to a central hub, which was roughly the shape of an octagonal prism. The hub stored the spacecraft's internal electronics. The Mariner 10 spacecraft was manufactured by Boeing. NASA set a strict limit of $98 million for Mariner 10's total cost, which marked the first time the agency subjected a mission to an inflexible budget constraint. No overruns would be tolerated, so mission planners carefully considered cost efficiency when designing the spacecraft's instruments. The mission ended up about $1 million under budget.
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- published: 04 Sep 2015
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Mariner 10
Mariner 10 was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus.
Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program (Mariner 11 and 12 were allocated to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2).
The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Design and trajectory
Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary gravitational slingshot maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -
https://wn.com/Mariner_10
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Sailor
A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who navigates waterborne vessels or assists as a crewmember in their operation and maintenance. The term bluejacket may be used for British or US Navy enlisted sailors, the latter especially when deployed ashore as infantry.The Bluejacket's Manual is the basic handbook for United States Navy personnel. 700,000 of the world's mariners come from the Philippines, being the world's largest origin of seafarers.
Etymologically, the name "sailor" preserves the memory of the time when ships were commonly powered by sails, but it applies to the personnel of all vessels, whatever their mode of propulsion, and includes military (naval) and security (coast guard) maritime personnel and members of the merchant marine, as well as recreational sailors. The term "seaman" is frequently used in the particular sense of a sailor who is not an officer.
Professional mariners
Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, each of which carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the successful operation of an ocean-going vessel. A ship's crew can generally be divided into four main categories: the deck department, the engineering department, the steward's department, and others.
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Mercury
Mercury usually refers to:
Mercury may also refer to:
Places
In the military
Transportation
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https://wn.com/Mercury
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
The Mariner
The Mariner may refer to:
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has no natural satellite. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. After the Moon, it is the brightest natural object in the night sky, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6, bright enough to cast shadows. Because Venus is an inferior planet from Earth, it never appears to venture far from the Sun: its elongation reaches a maximum of 47.8°.
Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet" because of their similar size, mass, proximity to the Sun and bulk composition. It is radically different from Earth in other respects. It has the densest atmosphere of the four terrestrial planets, consisting of more than 96% carbon dioxide. The atmospheric pressure at the planet's surface is 92 times that of Earth. With a mean surface temperature of 735 K (462 °C; 863 °F), Venus is by far the hottest planet in the Solar System, even though Mercury is closer to the Sun. Venus is shrouded by an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid, preventing its surface from being seen from space in visible light. It may have had oceans in the past, but these would have vaporised as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect. The water has most probably photodissociated, and, because of the lack of a planetary magnetic field, the free hydrogen has been swept into interplanetary space by the solar wind. Venus's surface is a dry desertscape interspersed with slab-like rocks and periodically resurfaced by volcanism.
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23:37Mariner 10 Venus & Mercury Flyby: "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet" 1976 NASA JPL
Mariner 10 Venus & Mercury Flyby: "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet" 1976 NASA JPLMariner 10 Venus & Mercury Flyby: "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet" 1976 NASA JPL
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission. Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video and sound. NASA film HQ-282 from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury" http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In common with earlier spacecraft, it used an octagonal main structure, solar cells and a battery for electrical power, three-axis attitude stabilization and control by nitrogen gas jets, celestial references by star and Sun sensors, S-band radio for command, telemetry, and ranging, a high-gain antenna, a low-gain antenna, a scan platform to point science instruments, and a hydrazine rocket propulsion system for trajectory corrections. The spacecraft was designed to fit folded into the launch configuration of the Atlas SLV -3D/Centaur D-IA launch vehicle... Launch weight of the spacecraft was 533.6 kg (1175 Ib), including 29 kg (64 lb) of hydrazine propellant and 30 kg (66 1 b) associated with the adapter to the launch vehicle. The payload of scientific instruments weighed 78 kg (172 lb). Subsystems included equipment to modulate and demodulate electrical signals, generate, store, and distribute power, handle flight data, control spacecraft attitude, release mechanical devices, propel the spacecraft, control temperature, articulate and point spacecraft devices, store data onboard the spacecraft, and communicate with Earth. There was also a central computer and sequencer. All these subsystems together with mechanical devices used for deployment supported the science experiments. Some changes to the Mariner concept were needed for the mission to Mercury, principally because the spacecraft had to approach the Sun much closer than any previous planetary spacecraft. This required improved ways to insulate the spacecraft from solar radiation. Thermal control of the new Mariner had to protect it from solar intensities up to 4 1/2 times that incident upon the Earth. Thermal control required, in addition to a large sunshade, louvers and protective thermal blankets, the ability to rotate the solar panels about an axis that ran along their length. By changing the angle at which the sunlight shone on the panels, the solar cells were kept at a suitable temperature- about 115°C (239°F)- as the spacecraft approached closer to the Sun. Both panels could turn up to a total of 76 deg from directly facing the Sun and could be rotated individually in fine steps. Other major design changes from past Mariners included the addition of a capability to handle up to 118 thousand bits per second of TV data and 2450 bits/sec for nonimaging science and engineering data as well as the capability for both S- and X-band ranging and X-band carrier transmission. Also, a central flight data subsystem for science and engineering data processing and science control allowed engineering format to be programmed in flight and provided 21 data modes for television, nonimaging science, engineering, and data storage playback... The spacecraft had to be launched during a short, 1.5-hour "window" on November 2, 1973... Within 12 seconds of Atlas engine cutoff, the bright nucleus of the Centaur's twin engines blossomed in the night sky, to burn fiercely for 5.1 min to push the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit at an altitude of 188 km (117 mi) and a speed of 28,046 km/hr ( 17,428 mi/hr). Silently the Centaur and the spacecraft moved weightless nearly a third of the way around the Earth. Again the Centaur's engines erupted into flame, expanding exhaust jets into the vacuum of space. The Centaur and its payload bounded forward in orbit, breaking free of Earth's gravity within 2.25 min at a speed of 40,969 km/hr (25,458 mi/hr) headed backwards along Earth's orbit around the Sun... By February 4, Mariner 10 was 640,000 km (about 400,000 mi) from Venus and approaching the planet at a speed of over 29,600 km/hr ( 18,400 mi/hr)... At 9:21 a.m. PDT on February 5, 1974, Mariner started to take photographs... Mariner 10 began taking pictures of Mercury on March 23, from a distance of 5.3 million km (3 .3 million mi). Photography was intermittent for the next four days but became an almost continuous operation on March 28, one picture bemg taken every 42 sec... -
3:291973: Mariner 10 (NASA)
1973: Mariner 10 (NASA)1973: Mariner 10 (NASA)
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on 3 November 1973 to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner programme (Mariner 11 and 12 were redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity-assist mission. During its flyby of Venus, Mariner 10 discovered evidence of rotating clouds and a very weak magnetic field. Mariner 10 flew past Mercury three times in total. Owing to the geometry of its orbit — its orbital period was almost exactly twice Mercury's — the same side of Mercury was sunlit each time, so it was only able to map 40-45% of Mercury's surface, taking over 2800 photos. It revealed a more or less moon-like surface. It thus contributed enormously to our understanding of the planet, whose surface had not been successfully resolved through telescopic observation. Credit: NASA Music: Marcus P. Graf -
3:31Grand Explorations: Mariner 10 - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
Grand Explorations: Mariner 10 - Orbiter Space Flight SimulatorGrand Explorations: Mariner 10 - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
http://www.facebook.com/orbiterfilmmaker Facebook. Advances, pictures, details, comments. Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on November 3, 1973 to flyby the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program (Mariner 11 and 12 were purposed to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary "gravitational slingshot" maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control. The Mariner 10 spacecraft was launched on the first day of the scheduled launch period, November 3, 1973, at 0045 Eastern Standard Time (0545 UTC) from Cape Canaveral, Florida, using an Atlas/Centaur D1-A launch vehicle. The spacecraft received a gravity assist from Venus on February 5, 1974 and encountered Mercury on March 29, 1974, 146 days after launch. The exploration of Mercury was the primary objective of the mission and the basis for the selection of the Mariner 10 experiment complement. After completing a 176-day solar orbit following its first Mercury flyby, the Mariner 10 spacecraft successfully encountered Mercury for a second time on September 21, 1974. The reencounter was at the same position in the solar system, 0.46 AU from the Sun. The spacecraft passed by the sunlit side of Mercury at an altitude of 48,069 km. Mariner 10 passed Mercury for the third time on March 16, 1975, at 327 km altitude. With its maneuvering gas just about exhausted, Mariner 10 started another orbit of the Sun. Engineering tests were continued until March 24, 1975, when the final depletion of the nitrogen supply was signaled by the onset of an un-programmed pitch turn. Commands were immediately sent to the spacecraft to turn off its transmitter, and radio signals to Earth ceased. Presently, Mariner 10 is still orbiting the sun, although its on-board electronics have probably been damaged by the sun's radiation. This is an entire book about Mariner 10, with all pictures and diagrams, on-line! Scroll down to click on the "Table of Contents" link: http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm -
2:13The Mariner 10 Mission
The Mariner 10 MissionThe Mariner 10 Mission
This is a shortened version of the film "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet ." This film provides a brief description of the Mariner 10 mission, and explains how the spacecraft used gravity assist. -
0:59Mariner 10 magnum
Mariner 10 magnum -
8:57Mariner 10 Mercury Exploration of a Planet pt2-2 1976 NASA 9min
Mariner 10 Mercury Exploration of a Planet pt2-2 1976 NASA 9minMariner 10 Mercury Exploration of a Planet pt2-2 1976 NASA 9min
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kASweAGi-lo The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission. NASA film HQ-282 This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the aspect ratio corrected and mild noise reduction applied. part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WV-dlCT_cHE from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury" The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In common with earlier spacecraft, it used an octagonal main structure, solar cells and a battery for electrical power, three-axis attitude stabilization and control by nitrogen gas jets, celestial references by star and Sun sensors, S-band radio for command, telemetry, and ranging, a high-gain antenna, a low-gain antenna, a scan platform to point science instruments, and a hydrazine rocket propulsion system for trajectory corrections. The spacecraftwas designed to fit folded into the launch configuration of the Atlas SLV -3D/Centaur D-IA launch vehicle... Launch weight of the spacecraft was 533.6 kg (1175 Ib), including 29 kg (64 lb) of hydrazine propellant and 30 kg (66 1 b) associated with the adapter to the launch vehicle. The payload of scientific instruments weighed 78 kg (172 lb). Subsystems included equipment to modulate and demodulate electrical signals, generate, store, and distribute power, handle flight data, controlspacecraft attitude, release mechanical devices, propel the spacecraft, control temperature, articulate and point spacecraft devices, store data onboard the spacecraft, and communicate with Earth. There was also a central computer and sequencer. All these subsystems together with mechanical devices used for deployment supported the science experiments. Some changes to the Mariner concept wereneeded for the mission to Mercury, principally because the spacecraft had to approach the Sun much closer than any previous planetary spacecraft. This required improved ways to insulate the spacecraft from solar radiation. Thermal control of the new Mariner had to protect it from solar intensities up to 4 1/2 times that incident upon the Earth. Thermal control required, in addition to a large sunshade, louvers and protective thermal blankets, the ability to rotate the solar panels about an axis that ran along their length. By changing the angle at which the sunlight shone on the panels, the solar cells were kept at a suitable temperature- about 115°C (239°F)- as the spacecraft approached closer to the Sun. Both panels could turn up to a total of 76 deg from directly facing the Sun and could be rotated individually in fine steps. Other major design changes from past Mariners included the addition of a capability to handle up to 118 thousand bits per second of TV data and 2450 bits/sec for nonimaging science and engineering data as well as the capability for both S- and X-band ranging and X-band carrier transmission. Also, a central flight data subsystem for science and engineering data processing and science control allowed engineering format to be programmed in flight and provided 21 data modes for television, nonimaging science, engineering, and data storage playback... The spacecraft had to be launched during a short, 1.5-hour "window" on November 2, 1973... Within 12 seconds of Atlas engine cutoff, the bright nucleus of the Centaur's twin engines blossomed in the night sky, to burn fiercely for 5.1 min to push the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit at an altitude of 188 km (117 mi) and a speed of 28,046 km/hr ( 17,428 mi/hr). Silently the Centaur and the spacecraft moved weightless nearly a third of the way around the Earth. Again the Centaur's engines erupted into flame, expanding exhaust jets into the vacuum of space. The Centaur and its payload bounded forward in orbit, breaking free of Earth's gravity within 2.25 min at a speed of 40,969 km/hr (25,458 mi/hr) headed backwards along Earth's orbit around the Sun... By February 4, Mariner 10 was 640,000 km (about 400,000 mi) from Venus and approaching the planet at a speed of over 29,600 km/hr ( 18,400 mi/hr)... At 9:21 a.m. PDT on February 5, 1974, Mariner started to take photographs... Mariner 10 began taking pictures of Mercury on March 23, from a distance of 5.3 million km (3 .3 million mi). Photography was intermittent for the next four days but became an almost co~tinuous operation on March 28, one picture bemg taken every 42 sec... -
1:12Poseidon 435 with Mariner 10 hp.MOV
Poseidon 435 with Mariner 10 hp.MOV -
23:21Exploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 - 1976 - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival Footage
Exploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 - 1976 - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival FootageExploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 - 1976 - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival Footage
This film has been made available courtesy the US Department of Defence, NASAimages.org and the US National Archives. The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Also included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission. CharlieDeanArchives - Archive footage from the 20th century making history come alive! -
1:26Mariner 10 hp two stroke outboard motor year 1991 - perfect running
Mariner 10 hp two stroke outboard motor year 1991 - perfect runningMariner 10 hp two stroke outboard motor year 1991 - perfect running
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2:53Mariner 10 - Video Learning - WizScience.com
Mariner 10 - Video Learning - WizScience.comMariner 10 - Video Learning - WizScience.com
"Mariner 10" was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program . The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary gravitational slingshot maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control. The components on Mariner 10 can be categorized into four groups based on their common function. The solar panels, power subsystem, attitude control, and computer kept the spacecraft operating properly during the flight. The navigational system, including the hydrazine rocket, would keep Mariner 10 on track to Venus and Mercury. Several scientific instruments would collect data at the two planets. Finally, the antennas would transmit this data to the Deep Space Network back on Earth, as well as receive commands from Mission Control. Mariner 10's various components and scientific instruments were attached to a central hub, which was roughly the shape of an octagonal prism. The hub stored the spacecraft's internal electronics. The Mariner 10 spacecraft was manufactured by Boeing. NASA set a strict limit of $98 million for Mariner 10's total cost, which marked the first time the agency subjected a mission to an inflexible budget constraint. No overruns would be tolerated, so mission planners carefully considered cost efficiency when designing the spacecraft's instruments. The mission ended up about $1 million under budget. Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages. SUBSCRIBE TODAY Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Background Music: "The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library. This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner+10, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
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Mariner 10 Venus & Mercury Flyby: "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet" 1976 NASA JPL
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission. Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video and sound. NASA film HQ-282 from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury" http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In co...
published: 14 Jul 2015 -
1973: Mariner 10 (NASA)
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on 3 November 1973 to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner programme (Mariner 11 and 12 were redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity-assist mission. During its flyby of Venus, Mariner 10 discovered evidence of rotating clouds and a very weak magnetic field. Mariner 10 flew past Mercury three times in total. Owing to the geometry of its orbit — its orbital period was...
published: 07 May 2008 -
Grand Explorations: Mariner 10 - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
http://www.facebook.com/orbiterfilmmaker Facebook. Advances, pictures, details, comments. Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on November 3, 1973 to flyby the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program (Mariner 11 and 12 were purposed to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary "gravitational slingshot" maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 u...
published: 02 Dec 2010 -
The Mariner 10 Mission
This is a shortened version of the film "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet ." This film provides a brief description of the Mariner 10 mission, and explains how the spacecraft used gravity assist.
published: 29 Mar 2013 -
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Mariner 10 Mercury Exploration of a Planet pt2-2 1976 NASA 9min
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kASweAGi-lo The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission. NASA film HQ-282 This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the aspect ratio corrected and mild noise reduction applied. part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WV-dlCT_cHE from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury" The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a ser...
published: 13 Oct 2011 -
-
Exploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 - 1976 - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival Footage
This film has been made available courtesy the US Department of Defence, NASAimages.org and the US National Archives. The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Also included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission. CharlieDeanArchives - Archive footage from the 20th century making history come alive!
published: 10 Jan 2016 -
Mariner 10 hp two stroke outboard motor year 1991 - perfect running
published: 23 Dec 2013 -
Mariner 10 - Video Learning - WizScience.com
"Mariner 10" was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program . The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary gravitational slingshot maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perih...
published: 04 Sep 2015
Mariner 10 Venus & Mercury Flyby: "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet" 1976 NASA JPL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:37
- Updated: 14 Jul 2015
- views: 2772
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photogra...
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video and sound.
NASA film HQ-282
from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury" http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm
The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In common with earlier spacecraft, it used an octagonal main structure, solar cells and a battery for electrical power, three-axis attitude stabilization and control by nitrogen gas jets, celestial references by star and Sun sensors, S-band radio for command, telemetry, and ranging, a high-gain antenna, a low-gain antenna, a scan platform to point science instruments, and a hydrazine rocket propulsion system for trajectory corrections. The spacecraft was designed to fit folded into the launch configuration of the Atlas SLV -3D/Centaur D-IA launch vehicle...
Launch weight of the spacecraft was 533.6 kg (1175 Ib), including 29 kg (64 lb) of hydrazine propellant and 30 kg (66 1 b) associated with the adapter to the launch vehicle. The payload of scientific instruments weighed 78 kg (172 lb). Subsystems included equipment to modulate and demodulate electrical signals, generate, store, and distribute power, handle flight data, control spacecraft attitude, release mechanical devices, propel the spacecraft, control temperature, articulate and point spacecraft devices, store data onboard the spacecraft, and communicate with Earth. There was also a central computer and sequencer. All these subsystems together with mechanical devices used for deployment supported the science experiments.
Some changes to the Mariner concept were needed for the mission to Mercury, principally because the spacecraft had to approach the Sun much closer than any previous planetary spacecraft. This required improved ways to insulate the
spacecraft from solar radiation. Thermal control of the new Mariner had to protect it from solar intensities up to 4 1/2 times that incident upon the Earth. Thermal control required, in addition to a large sunshade, louvers and protective thermal blankets, the ability to rotate the solar panels about an axis that ran along their length. By changing the angle at which the sunlight shone on the panels, the solar cells were kept at a suitable temperature- about 115°C (239°F)- as the spacecraft approached closer to the Sun. Both panels could turn up to a total of 76 deg from directly facing the Sun and could be rotated individually in fine steps.
Other major design changes from past Mariners included the addition of a capability to handle up to 118 thousand bits per second of TV data and 2450 bits/sec for nonimaging science and engineering data as well as the capability for both S- and X-band ranging and X-band carrier transmission. Also, a central flight data subsystem for science and engineering data processing and science control allowed engineering format to be programmed in flight and provided 21 data modes for television, nonimaging science, engineering, and data storage playback...
The spacecraft had to be launched during a short, 1.5-hour "window" on November 2, 1973... Within 12 seconds of Atlas engine cutoff, the bright nucleus of the Centaur's twin engines blossomed in the night sky, to burn fiercely for 5.1 min to push the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit at an altitude of 188 km (117 mi) and a speed of 28,046 km/hr ( 17,428 mi/hr). Silently the Centaur and the spacecraft moved weightless nearly a third of the way around the Earth. Again the Centaur's engines erupted into flame, expanding exhaust jets into the vacuum of space. The Centaur and its payload bounded forward in orbit, breaking free of Earth's gravity within 2.25 min at a speed of 40,969 km/hr (25,458 mi/hr) headed backwards along Earth's orbit around the Sun...
By February 4, Mariner 10 was 640,000 km (about 400,000 mi) from Venus and approaching the planet at a speed of over 29,600 km/hr ( 18,400 mi/hr)... At 9:21 a.m. PDT on February 5, 1974, Mariner started to take photographs...
Mariner 10 began taking pictures of Mercury on March 23, from a distance of 5.3 million km (3 .3 million mi). Photography was intermittent for the next four days but became an almost continuous operation on March 28, one picture
bemg taken every 42 sec...
wn.com/Mariner 10 Venus Mercury Flyby Mercury Exploration Of A Planet 1976 Nasa Jpl
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
Reupload of a previously uploaded film, in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video and sound.
NASA film HQ-282
from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury" http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm
The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In common with earlier spacecraft, it used an octagonal main structure, solar cells and a battery for electrical power, three-axis attitude stabilization and control by nitrogen gas jets, celestial references by star and Sun sensors, S-band radio for command, telemetry, and ranging, a high-gain antenna, a low-gain antenna, a scan platform to point science instruments, and a hydrazine rocket propulsion system for trajectory corrections. The spacecraft was designed to fit folded into the launch configuration of the Atlas SLV -3D/Centaur D-IA launch vehicle...
Launch weight of the spacecraft was 533.6 kg (1175 Ib), including 29 kg (64 lb) of hydrazine propellant and 30 kg (66 1 b) associated with the adapter to the launch vehicle. The payload of scientific instruments weighed 78 kg (172 lb). Subsystems included equipment to modulate and demodulate electrical signals, generate, store, and distribute power, handle flight data, control spacecraft attitude, release mechanical devices, propel the spacecraft, control temperature, articulate and point spacecraft devices, store data onboard the spacecraft, and communicate with Earth. There was also a central computer and sequencer. All these subsystems together with mechanical devices used for deployment supported the science experiments.
Some changes to the Mariner concept were needed for the mission to Mercury, principally because the spacecraft had to approach the Sun much closer than any previous planetary spacecraft. This required improved ways to insulate the
spacecraft from solar radiation. Thermal control of the new Mariner had to protect it from solar intensities up to 4 1/2 times that incident upon the Earth. Thermal control required, in addition to a large sunshade, louvers and protective thermal blankets, the ability to rotate the solar panels about an axis that ran along their length. By changing the angle at which the sunlight shone on the panels, the solar cells were kept at a suitable temperature- about 115°C (239°F)- as the spacecraft approached closer to the Sun. Both panels could turn up to a total of 76 deg from directly facing the Sun and could be rotated individually in fine steps.
Other major design changes from past Mariners included the addition of a capability to handle up to 118 thousand bits per second of TV data and 2450 bits/sec for nonimaging science and engineering data as well as the capability for both S- and X-band ranging and X-band carrier transmission. Also, a central flight data subsystem for science and engineering data processing and science control allowed engineering format to be programmed in flight and provided 21 data modes for television, nonimaging science, engineering, and data storage playback...
The spacecraft had to be launched during a short, 1.5-hour "window" on November 2, 1973... Within 12 seconds of Atlas engine cutoff, the bright nucleus of the Centaur's twin engines blossomed in the night sky, to burn fiercely for 5.1 min to push the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit at an altitude of 188 km (117 mi) and a speed of 28,046 km/hr ( 17,428 mi/hr). Silently the Centaur and the spacecraft moved weightless nearly a third of the way around the Earth. Again the Centaur's engines erupted into flame, expanding exhaust jets into the vacuum of space. The Centaur and its payload bounded forward in orbit, breaking free of Earth's gravity within 2.25 min at a speed of 40,969 km/hr (25,458 mi/hr) headed backwards along Earth's orbit around the Sun...
By February 4, Mariner 10 was 640,000 km (about 400,000 mi) from Venus and approaching the planet at a speed of over 29,600 km/hr ( 18,400 mi/hr)... At 9:21 a.m. PDT on February 5, 1974, Mariner started to take photographs...
Mariner 10 began taking pictures of Mercury on March 23, from a distance of 5.3 million km (3 .3 million mi). Photography was intermittent for the next four days but became an almost continuous operation on March 28, one picture
bemg taken every 42 sec...
- published: 14 Jul 2015
- views: 2772
1973: Mariner 10 (NASA)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 07 May 2008
- views: 17117
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on 3 November 1973 to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 ...
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on 3 November 1973 to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner programme (Mariner 11 and 12 were redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity-assist mission.
During its flyby of Venus, Mariner 10 discovered evidence of rotating clouds and a very weak magnetic field.
Mariner 10 flew past Mercury three times in total. Owing to the geometry of its orbit — its orbital period was almost exactly twice Mercury's — the same side of Mercury was sunlit each time, so it was only able to map 40-45% of Mercury's surface, taking over 2800 photos. It revealed a more or less moon-like surface. It thus contributed enormously to our understanding of the planet, whose surface had not been successfully resolved through telescopic observation.
Credit: NASA
Music: Marcus P. Graf
wn.com/1973 Mariner 10 (Nasa)
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on 3 November 1973 to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner programme (Mariner 11 and 12 were redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2). The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity-assist mission.
During its flyby of Venus, Mariner 10 discovered evidence of rotating clouds and a very weak magnetic field.
Mariner 10 flew past Mercury three times in total. Owing to the geometry of its orbit — its orbital period was almost exactly twice Mercury's — the same side of Mercury was sunlit each time, so it was only able to map 40-45% of Mercury's surface, taking over 2800 photos. It revealed a more or less moon-like surface. It thus contributed enormously to our understanding of the planet, whose surface had not been successfully resolved through telescopic observation.
Credit: NASA
Music: Marcus P. Graf
- published: 07 May 2008
- views: 17117
Grand Explorations: Mariner 10 - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 02 Dec 2010
- views: 15317
http://www.facebook.com/orbiterfilmmaker
Facebook. Advances, pictures, details, comments.
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on November 3, 1973 to ...
http://www.facebook.com/orbiterfilmmaker
Facebook. Advances, pictures, details, comments.
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on November 3, 1973 to flyby the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program (Mariner 11 and 12 were purposed to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2).
Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary "gravitational slingshot" maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control.
The Mariner 10 spacecraft was launched on the first day of the scheduled launch period, November 3, 1973, at 0045 Eastern Standard Time (0545 UTC) from Cape Canaveral, Florida, using an Atlas/Centaur D1-A launch vehicle. The spacecraft received a gravity assist from Venus on February 5, 1974 and encountered Mercury on March 29, 1974, 146 days after launch. The exploration of Mercury was the primary objective of the mission and the basis for the selection of the Mariner 10 experiment complement.
After completing a 176-day solar orbit following its first Mercury flyby, the Mariner 10 spacecraft successfully encountered Mercury for a second time on September 21, 1974. The reencounter was at the same position in the solar system, 0.46 AU from the Sun. The spacecraft passed by the sunlit side of Mercury at an altitude of 48,069 km.
Mariner 10 passed Mercury for the third time on March 16, 1975, at 327 km altitude.
With its maneuvering gas just about exhausted, Mariner 10 started another orbit of the Sun. Engineering tests were continued until March 24, 1975, when the final depletion of the nitrogen supply was signaled by the onset of an un-programmed pitch turn. Commands were immediately sent to the spacecraft to turn off its transmitter, and radio signals to Earth ceased.
Presently, Mariner 10 is still orbiting the sun, although its on-board electronics have probably been damaged by the sun's radiation.
This is an entire book about Mariner 10, with all pictures and diagrams, on-line! Scroll down to click on the "Table of Contents" link:
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm
wn.com/Grand Explorations Mariner 10 Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
http://www.facebook.com/orbiterfilmmaker
Facebook. Advances, pictures, details, comments.
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on November 3, 1973 to flyby the planets Mercury and Venus. It was launched approximately 2 years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program (Mariner 11 and 12 were purposed to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2).
Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary "gravitational slingshot" maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control.
The Mariner 10 spacecraft was launched on the first day of the scheduled launch period, November 3, 1973, at 0045 Eastern Standard Time (0545 UTC) from Cape Canaveral, Florida, using an Atlas/Centaur D1-A launch vehicle. The spacecraft received a gravity assist from Venus on February 5, 1974 and encountered Mercury on March 29, 1974, 146 days after launch. The exploration of Mercury was the primary objective of the mission and the basis for the selection of the Mariner 10 experiment complement.
After completing a 176-day solar orbit following its first Mercury flyby, the Mariner 10 spacecraft successfully encountered Mercury for a second time on September 21, 1974. The reencounter was at the same position in the solar system, 0.46 AU from the Sun. The spacecraft passed by the sunlit side of Mercury at an altitude of 48,069 km.
Mariner 10 passed Mercury for the third time on March 16, 1975, at 327 km altitude.
With its maneuvering gas just about exhausted, Mariner 10 started another orbit of the Sun. Engineering tests were continued until March 24, 1975, when the final depletion of the nitrogen supply was signaled by the onset of an un-programmed pitch turn. Commands were immediately sent to the spacecraft to turn off its transmitter, and radio signals to Earth ceased.
Presently, Mariner 10 is still orbiting the sun, although its on-board electronics have probably been damaged by the sun's radiation.
This is an entire book about Mariner 10, with all pictures and diagrams, on-line! Scroll down to click on the "Table of Contents" link:
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/sp424.htm
- published: 02 Dec 2010
- views: 15317
The Mariner 10 Mission
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 29 Mar 2013
- views: 2367
This is a shortened version of the film "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet ." This film provides a brief description of the Mariner 10 mission, and explains how...
This is a shortened version of the film "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet ." This film provides a brief description of the Mariner 10 mission, and explains how the spacecraft used gravity assist.
wn.com/The Mariner 10 Mission
This is a shortened version of the film "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet ." This film provides a brief description of the Mariner 10 mission, and explains how the spacecraft used gravity assist.
- published: 29 Mar 2013
- views: 2367
Mariner 10 magnum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:59
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
- views: 3419
Mariner 10 Mercury Exploration of a Planet pt2-2 1976 NASA 9min
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Updated: 13 Oct 2011
- views: 2446
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.y...
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kASweAGi-lo
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
NASA film HQ-282
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the aspect ratio corrected and mild noise reduction applied.
part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WV-dlCT_cHE
from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury"
The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In common with earlier spacecraft, it used an octagonal main structure, solar cells and a battery for electrical power, three-axis attitude stabilization and control by nitrogen gas jets, celestial references by star and Sun sensors, S-band radio for command, telemetry, and ranging, a high-gain antenna, a low-gain antenna, a scan platform to point science instruments, and a hydrazine rocket propulsion system for trajectory corrections. The spacecraftwas designed to fit folded into the launch configuration of the Atlas SLV -3D/Centaur D-IA launch vehicle...
Launch weight of the spacecraft was 533.6 kg (1175 Ib), including 29 kg (64 lb) of hydrazine propellant and 30 kg (66 1 b) associated with the adapter to the launch vehicle. The payload of scientific instruments weighed 78 kg (172 lb). Subsystems included equipment to modulate and demodulate electrical signals, generate, store, and distribute power, handle flight data, controlspacecraft attitude, release mechanical devices, propel the spacecraft, control temperature, articulate and point spacecraft devices, store data onboard the spacecraft, and communicate with Earth. There was also a central computer and sequencer. All these subsystems together with mechanical devices used for deployment supported the science experiments.
Some changes to the Mariner concept wereneeded for the mission to Mercury, principally because the spacecraft had to approach the Sun much closer than any previous planetary spacecraft. This required improved ways to insulate the spacecraft from solar radiation. Thermal control of the new Mariner had to protect it from solar intensities up to 4 1/2 times that incident upon the Earth. Thermal control required, in addition to a large sunshade, louvers and protective thermal blankets, the ability to rotate the solar panels about an axis that ran along their length. By changing the angle at which the sunlight shone on the panels, the solar cells were kept at a suitable temperature- about 115°C (239°F)- as the spacecraft approached closer to the Sun. Both panels could turn up to a total of 76 deg from directly facing the Sun and could be rotated individually in fine steps.
Other major design changes from past Mariners included the addition
of a capability to handle up to 118 thousand bits per second of TV data and 2450 bits/sec for nonimaging science and engineering data as well as the capability for both S- and X-band ranging and X-band carrier transmission. Also, a central flight data subsystem for science and engineering data processing and science control allowed engineering format to be programmed in flight and provided 21 data modes for television, nonimaging science, engineering, and data storage playback...
The spacecraft had to be launched during a short, 1.5-hour "window" on November 2, 1973... Within 12 seconds of Atlas engine cutoff, the bright nucleus of the Centaur's twin engines blossomed in the night sky, to burn fiercely for 5.1 min to push the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit at an altitude of 188 km (117 mi) and a speed of 28,046 km/hr ( 17,428 mi/hr). Silently the Centaur and the spacecraft moved weightless nearly a third of the way around the Earth. Again the Centaur's engines erupted into flame, expanding exhaust jets into the vacuum of space. The Centaur and its payload bounded forward in orbit, breaking free of Earth's gravity within 2.25 min at a speed of 40,969 km/hr (25,458 mi/hr) headed backwards along Earth's orbit around the Sun...
By February 4, Mariner 10 was 640,000 km (about 400,000 mi) from Venus and approaching the planet at a speed of over 29,600 km/hr ( 18,400 mi/hr)... At 9:21 a.m. PDT on February 5, 1974, Mariner started to take photographs...
Mariner 10 began taking pictures of Mercury on March 23, from a distance of 5.3 million km (3 .3 million mi). Photography was intermittent for the next four days but became an almost co~tinuous operation on March 28, one picture
bemg taken every 42 sec...
wn.com/Mariner 10 Mercury Exploration Of A Planet Pt2 2 1976 Nasa 9Min
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kASweAGi-lo
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
NASA film HQ-282
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the aspect ratio corrected and mild noise reduction applied.
part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WV-dlCT_cHE
from "The Voyage of Mariner 10: Mission to Venus and Mercury"
The Mariner Venus/ Mercury 1973 spacecraft, which was the sixth of a series that began with Mariner Venus in 1962 and included Mariner Mars 1964, Mariner Venus 1967 Mariner Mars 1969 and Mariner Mars Orbiter 1971. In common with earlier spacecraft, it used an octagonal main structure, solar cells and a battery for electrical power, three-axis attitude stabilization and control by nitrogen gas jets, celestial references by star and Sun sensors, S-band radio for command, telemetry, and ranging, a high-gain antenna, a low-gain antenna, a scan platform to point science instruments, and a hydrazine rocket propulsion system for trajectory corrections. The spacecraftwas designed to fit folded into the launch configuration of the Atlas SLV -3D/Centaur D-IA launch vehicle...
Launch weight of the spacecraft was 533.6 kg (1175 Ib), including 29 kg (64 lb) of hydrazine propellant and 30 kg (66 1 b) associated with the adapter to the launch vehicle. The payload of scientific instruments weighed 78 kg (172 lb). Subsystems included equipment to modulate and demodulate electrical signals, generate, store, and distribute power, handle flight data, controlspacecraft attitude, release mechanical devices, propel the spacecraft, control temperature, articulate and point spacecraft devices, store data onboard the spacecraft, and communicate with Earth. There was also a central computer and sequencer. All these subsystems together with mechanical devices used for deployment supported the science experiments.
Some changes to the Mariner concept wereneeded for the mission to Mercury, principally because the spacecraft had to approach the Sun much closer than any previous planetary spacecraft. This required improved ways to insulate the spacecraft from solar radiation. Thermal control of the new Mariner had to protect it from solar intensities up to 4 1/2 times that incident upon the Earth. Thermal control required, in addition to a large sunshade, louvers and protective thermal blankets, the ability to rotate the solar panels about an axis that ran along their length. By changing the angle at which the sunlight shone on the panels, the solar cells were kept at a suitable temperature- about 115°C (239°F)- as the spacecraft approached closer to the Sun. Both panels could turn up to a total of 76 deg from directly facing the Sun and could be rotated individually in fine steps.
Other major design changes from past Mariners included the addition
of a capability to handle up to 118 thousand bits per second of TV data and 2450 bits/sec for nonimaging science and engineering data as well as the capability for both S- and X-band ranging and X-band carrier transmission. Also, a central flight data subsystem for science and engineering data processing and science control allowed engineering format to be programmed in flight and provided 21 data modes for television, nonimaging science, engineering, and data storage playback...
The spacecraft had to be launched during a short, 1.5-hour "window" on November 2, 1973... Within 12 seconds of Atlas engine cutoff, the bright nucleus of the Centaur's twin engines blossomed in the night sky, to burn fiercely for 5.1 min to push the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit at an altitude of 188 km (117 mi) and a speed of 28,046 km/hr ( 17,428 mi/hr). Silently the Centaur and the spacecraft moved weightless nearly a third of the way around the Earth. Again the Centaur's engines erupted into flame, expanding exhaust jets into the vacuum of space. The Centaur and its payload bounded forward in orbit, breaking free of Earth's gravity within 2.25 min at a speed of 40,969 km/hr (25,458 mi/hr) headed backwards along Earth's orbit around the Sun...
By February 4, Mariner 10 was 640,000 km (about 400,000 mi) from Venus and approaching the planet at a speed of over 29,600 km/hr ( 18,400 mi/hr)... At 9:21 a.m. PDT on February 5, 1974, Mariner started to take photographs...
Mariner 10 began taking pictures of Mercury on March 23, from a distance of 5.3 million km (3 .3 million mi). Photography was intermittent for the next four days but became an almost co~tinuous operation on March 28, one picture
bemg taken every 42 sec...
- published: 13 Oct 2011
- views: 2446
Poseidon 435 with Mariner 10 hp.MOV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 13 Mar 2012
- views: 6425
Exploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 - 1976 - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival Footage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:21
- Updated: 10 Jan 2016
- views: 271
This film has been made available courtesy the US Department of Defence, NASAimages.org and the US National Archives.
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft t...
This film has been made available courtesy the US Department of Defence, NASAimages.org and the US National Archives.
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Also included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
CharlieDeanArchives - Archive footage from the 20th century making history come alive!
wn.com/Exploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 1976 Charliedeanarchives Archival Footage
This film has been made available courtesy the US Department of Defence, NASAimages.org and the US National Archives.
The flight of the Mariner 10 spacecraft to Venus and Mercury is detailed in animation and photography. Views of Mercury are featured. Also included is animation on the origin of the solar system. Dr. Bruce C. Murray, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, comments on the mission.
CharlieDeanArchives - Archive footage from the 20th century making history come alive!
- published: 10 Jan 2016
- views: 271
Mariner 10 hp two stroke outboard motor year 1991 - perfect running
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- Updated: 23 Dec 2013
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- published: 23 Dec 2013
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Mariner 10 - Video Learning - WizScience.com
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- Updated: 04 Sep 2015
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"Mariner 10" was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus.
Mariner 10 was launched appro...
"Mariner 10" was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus.
Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program .
The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary gravitational slingshot maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control.
The components on Mariner 10 can be categorized into four groups based on their common function. The solar panels, power subsystem, attitude control, and computer kept the spacecraft operating properly during the flight. The navigational system, including the hydrazine rocket, would keep Mariner 10 on track to Venus and Mercury. Several scientific instruments would collect data at the two planets. Finally, the antennas would transmit this data to the Deep Space Network back on Earth, as well as receive commands from Mission Control. Mariner 10's various components and scientific instruments were attached to a central hub, which was roughly the shape of an octagonal prism. The hub stored the spacecraft's internal electronics. The Mariner 10 spacecraft was manufactured by Boeing. NASA set a strict limit of $98 million for Mariner 10's total cost, which marked the first time the agency subjected a mission to an inflexible budget constraint. No overruns would be tolerated, so mission planners carefully considered cost efficiency when designing the spacecraft's instruments. The mission ended up about $1 million under budget.
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Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Background Music:
"The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner+10, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
wn.com/Mariner 10 Video Learning Wizscience.Com
"Mariner 10" was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus.
Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program .
The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to make use of an interplanetary gravitational slingshot maneuver, using Venus to bend its flight path and bring its perihelion down to the level of Mercury's orbit. This maneuver, inspired by the orbital mechanics calculations of the Italian scientist Giuseppe Colombo, put the spacecraft into an orbit that repeatedly brought it back to Mercury. Mariner 10 used the solar radiation pressure on its solar panels and its high-gain antenna as a means of attitude control during flight, the first spacecraft to use active solar pressure control.
The components on Mariner 10 can be categorized into four groups based on their common function. The solar panels, power subsystem, attitude control, and computer kept the spacecraft operating properly during the flight. The navigational system, including the hydrazine rocket, would keep Mariner 10 on track to Venus and Mercury. Several scientific instruments would collect data at the two planets. Finally, the antennas would transmit this data to the Deep Space Network back on Earth, as well as receive commands from Mission Control. Mariner 10's various components and scientific instruments were attached to a central hub, which was roughly the shape of an octagonal prism. The hub stored the spacecraft's internal electronics. The Mariner 10 spacecraft was manufactured by Boeing. NASA set a strict limit of $98 million for Mariner 10's total cost, which marked the first time the agency subjected a mission to an inflexible budget constraint. No overruns would be tolerated, so mission planners carefully considered cost efficiency when designing the spacecraft's instruments. The mission ended up about $1 million under budget.
Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages.
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Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Background Music:
"The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner+10, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
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US MARINES AFGHANISTAN
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Marine Le Pen - C politique - 11/10/2015
Marine Le Pen - C politique - 11/10/2015
wn.com/Marine Le Pen C Politique 11 10 2015
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10 СТИМ ключей за 200р: https://www.g2a.com/r/10steamart
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23:37
Mariner 10 Venus & Mercury Flyby: "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet" 1976 NASA JPL
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
The flight of the Mariner 10...
published: 14 Jul 2015
Mariner 10 Venus & Mercury Flyby: "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet" 1976 NASA JPL
Mariner 10 Venus & Mercury Flyby: "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet" 1976 NASA JPL
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3:29
1973: Mariner 10 (NASA)
Mariner 10 was a robotic space probe launched on 3 November 1973 to fly by the planets Mer...
published: 07 May 2008
1973: Mariner 10 (NASA)
1973: Mariner 10 (NASA)
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3:31
Grand Explorations: Mariner 10 - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
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published: 02 Dec 2010
Grand Explorations: Mariner 10 - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
Grand Explorations: Mariner 10 - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
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2:13
The Mariner 10 Mission
This is a shortened version of the film "Mercury: Exploration of a Planet ." This film pr...
published: 29 Mar 2013
The Mariner 10 Mission
The Mariner 10 Mission
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8:57
Mariner 10 Mercury Exploration of a Planet pt2-2 1976 NASA 9min
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/planet_news.html
NEW VERSION in one piece ins...
published: 13 Oct 2011
Mariner 10 Mercury Exploration of a Planet pt2-2 1976 NASA 9min
Mariner 10 Mercury Exploration of a Planet pt2-2 1976 NASA 9min
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1:12
Poseidon 435 with Mariner 10 hp.MOV
First time out on the river with this combination... it did 28 km/h on gps....
published: 13 Mar 2012
Poseidon 435 with Mariner 10 hp.MOV
Poseidon 435 with Mariner 10 hp.MOV
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23:21
Exploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 - 1976 - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival Footage
This film has been made available courtesy the US Department of Defence, NASAimages.org an...
published: 10 Jan 2016
Exploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 - 1976 - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival Footage
Exploration Of Planet Mercury By Mariner 10 - 1976 - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival Footage
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1:26
Mariner 10 hp two stroke outboard motor year 1991 - perfect running
published: 23 Dec 2013
Mariner 10 hp two stroke outboard motor year 1991 - perfect running
Mariner 10 hp two stroke outboard motor year 1991 - perfect running
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2:53
Mariner 10 - Video Learning - WizScience.com
"Mariner 10" was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on November 3, 1973, to ...
published: 04 Sep 2015
Mariner 10 - Video Learning - WizScience.com
Mariner 10 - Video Learning - WizScience.com
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Mariner 10
published: 19 Apr 2016
Mariner 10
Mariner 10
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1:24
Автобот и Mariner 10
published: 24 Oct 2016
Автобот и Mariner 10
Автобот и Mariner 10
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1:05
Morning with Marines(10)
Indian princess
published: 18 Oct 2016
Morning with Marines(10)
20:55
Warhammer 40k Space Marine #10
published: 02 Nov 2016
Warhammer 40k Space Marine #10
Warhammer 40k Space Marine #10
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1:12
Progress-2 Mariner 10 Le
published: 01 Oct 2016
Progress-2 Mariner 10 Le
Progress-2 Mariner 10 Le
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7:05
Mariner 10 by Colin McNeil
Mariner 10 by Colin McNeil, published by Gideen.com.
published: 20 May 2015
Mariner 10 by Colin McNeil
Mariner 10 by Colin McNeil
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3:40
BRISE MARINE 10 (bamboleo)
Beschreibung
published: 27 Feb 2015
BRISE MARINE 10 (bamboleo)
BRISE MARINE 10 (bamboleo)
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4:14
Stolen Valor (Marine) 10-25-2015 FRESNO, CA
Circle K gas station in Fresno, CA
published: 28 Oct 2015
Stolen Valor (Marine) 10-25-2015 FRESNO, CA
Stolen Valor (Marine) 10-25-2015 FRESNO, CA
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10:11
Sub~Mariner 10 [comic book]
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published: 13 Sep 2016
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55:19
US MARINES AFGHANISTAN 10
US MARINES AFGHANISTAN
published: 05 Aug 2016
US MARINES AFGHANISTAN 10
US MARINES AFGHANISTAN 10
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44:17
aliens colonial marines capitulo 10 español
published: 25 Aug 2016
aliens colonial marines capitulo 10 español
aliens colonial marines capitulo 10 español
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55:19
UNITED STATES MARINES AFGHANISTAN 10
UNITED STATES MARINES AFGHANISTAN
published: 12 Aug 2016
UNITED STATES MARINES AFGHANISTAN 10
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33:14
Levi Ours- FREEDOM- Testimony- United States Marine 10-18-2015
Levi Ours Testimony United States Marine
published: 18 Oct 2015
Levi Ours- FREEDOM- Testimony- United States Marine 10-18-2015
Levi Ours- FREEDOM- Testimony- United States Marine 10-18-2015
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43:15
#QDI - Marine Le Pen - 10/12/2014
published: 10 Dec 2014
#QDI - Marine Le Pen - 10/12/2014
#QDI - Marine Le Pen - 10/12/2014
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44:44
2014 décembre 10 LCP Marine Le Pen
published: 11 Dec 2014
2014 décembre 10 LCP Marine Le Pen
2014 décembre 10 LCP Marine Le Pen
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30:00
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published: 02 Nov 2015
OCA Koenig Sand & Gravel ~ Lakeville Mill ~ Young Marines 10-28-15
OCA Koenig Sand & Gravel ~ Lakeville Mill ~ Young Marines 10-28-15
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58:09
Marine Le Pen - C politique - 11/10/2015
Marine Le Pen - C politique - 11/10/2015
published: 03 Nov 2015
Marine Le Pen - C politique - 11/10/2015
Marine Le Pen - C politique - 11/10/2015
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1:08:35
Warhammer 40,000 Space Marine Walktrough Part 10
Warhammer 40,000 Space Marine Walktrough Part 10
published: 22 Sep 2016
Warhammer 40,000 Space Marine Walktrough Part 10
Warhammer 40,000 Space Marine Walktrough Part 10
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Warhammer 40.000 - Space Marine - 10 [HARD]
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published: 08 Jun 2015
Warhammer 40.000 - Space Marine - 10 [HARD]
Warhammer 40.000 - Space Marine - 10 [HARD]
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- published: 08 Jun 2015
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Warhammer 40.000 - Space Marine - 10 [HARD]...
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