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Murshidabad was a town and district of
British India, in the
Bengal Presidency. In the Mughal period it was the capital of
Bengal.
The town of Murshidabad is on the left bank of the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly or main sacred channel of the
Ganges.[1]
In 1704,
Murshid Quli Khan, the
Diwan of Bengal under
Aurangzeb transferred the capital from
Dacca (now
Dhaka in
Bangladesh), and renamed the city Murshidabad after his own name. In 1716, he attained the title of Nawab (ruler) of the
Subah (province) of Bengal, and Murshidabad became his capital.[citation needed]
The family of
Jagat Seth maintained their position as state bankers at Murshidabad from generation to generation. Even after the conquest of Bengal by the
British, Murshidabad remained for some time the seat of administration.
Warren Hastings removed the supreme civil and criminal courts to
Calcutta in 1772, but in
1775 the latter court was brought back to Murshidabad again. In 1790, under
Lord Cornwallis, the entire revenue and judicial staffs were moved to Calcutta.[1] The town is still the residence of the nawab, who ranks as the first nobleman of the province with the style of
Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad, instead of Nawab Nazim of Bengal. The
Hazarduari Palace, dating from 1837, is a magnificent building. The city still bears memories of Nawabs with other palaces, mosques, tombs, and gardens, and retains such industries as carving in ivory, gold and silver embroidery, and silk-weaving. A college is maintained for the education of the nawab's family.[1] Rao
Jogendra Narayan Roy king of lalgola is remembered for his philanthropic work and charity.[citation needed]
It was constituted as a municipality in
1869, which remains to the present day.[citation needed]
The population in
1901 was 15,168. The major industry within the district at that time was that of silk, formerly of much importance, was revived with government assistance.[1] The city is also famous for producing exotic mango and litchi.[citation needed] A narrow-gauge railway crosses the district, from the
East Indian line at
Nalhati to
Azimganj on the
Bhagirathi, the home of many rich
Jain merchants; a branch of the
Eastern Bengal railway was opened.[1]
Baharampur, the capital of Murshidabad, has grown in importance, population & size; as of
2011 it is the 7th largest city in
West Bengal.[citation needed]
While it features extensively in history books, the large potential for heritage tourism has been somewhat neglected. Of historic interest are Nizamat Kila (the
Fortress of the Nawabs), also known as the Hazaarduari
Palace (Palace of a Thousand
Doors), built by
Duncan McLeod of the
Bengal Engineers in 1837, in the
Italianate style, the Moti Jhil (
Pearl Lake) just to the south of the palace, the Muradbagh Palace and the
Khushbagh Cemetery, where the remains of
Ali Vardi Khan and
Siraj Ud Daulah are interred.[citation needed]
Hazarduari Palace is located in the campus of Kila Nizamat of Murshidabad. It was built in the nineteenth century by architect
Duncan Macleod, under the reign of Nawab Nazim
Humayun Jah of Bengal,
Bihar and Orissa (1824--1838). The foundation stone of the palace was laid on August 9, 1829, and that very day the construction work was started.
William Cavendish was the then Governor-General. Now, Hazarduari Palace is the most conspicuous building in Murshidabad. In
1985, the palace was handed over to the
Archaeological Survey of India for better preservation.[citation needed]
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- published: 21 Apr 2014
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