- published: 30 Oct 2012
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Ludwig van Beethoven is generally viewed as one of the most influential figures in the history of European classical music. Since his lifetime, when he was "universally accepted as the greatest living composer," Beethoven's music has remained among the most performed, discussed and reviewed. Scholarly journals are devoted to analysis of his life and work, he has been the subject of numerous biographies and monographs and his music was the driving force behind the development of Schenkerian analysis. He is widely considered as among the most important Western composers, and along with Bach and Mozart, his music is the most frequently recorded.
Beethoven's stylistic innovations encompass two achievements. First, they brought the Classical form to its highest expressive level, expanding in formal, structural and harmonic terms the musical idiom developed by predecessors such as Mozart and Haydn. Additionally, they proved immensely influential over the musical language and thinking of the Romantic era, whether as a source of direct inspiration, as with the music of Richard Wagner and Johannes Brahms, or in terms of defining a musical reaction against his stylistic language, as with music of Mendelssohn.
The musical works of Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) are listed below. Two overlapping lists of Beethoven's works are presented here. The first is a listing of his most well-known works classified by genre. The second is a larger list of works, classified by various numbering systems. Years in parentheses denote dates of composition or publication.
The most common methods of numbering Beethoven's works are by opus number, assigned by Beethoven's publishers during his lifetime, and by number within genre. For example, the 14th string quartet, published as Opus 131, may be referenced either as "String Quartet No. 14" or "the Opus 131 String Quartet".
Many works that were unpublished have been assigned either "WoO" (works without opus number) or "Anh" (appendix) numbers. For example, the short piano piece "Für Elise", is more fully known as the "Bagatelle in A minor, WoO 59 ('Für Elise')". Some works are also commonly referred to by their nicknames, such as the 'Kreutzer' Violin Sonata, or the Eroica Symphony.
The death of Ludwig van Beethoven on 26 March 1827 followed a prolonged illness. It was witnessed by his sister-in-law and by his close friend Anselm Hüttenbrenner, who provided a vivid description of the event. Beethoven's funeral was held three days later, and the procession was witnessed by a large crowd. He was buried in the cemetery at Währing, although his remains were moved in 1888 to Vienna's Zentralfriedhof.
Hüttenbrenner's account has been used to ascribe motivations of resistance and anger to Beethoven in his final moments. Beethoven's last words, and the exact cause of Beethoven's death have also been the subject of some disagreement.
Beethoven suffered declining health throughout the last years of his life, including the so-called "Late period" when he produced some of his most admired work. The last work he was able to complete was the substitute final movement of the String Quartet No. 13, deemed necessary to replace the difficult Große Fuge. Shortly thereafter, in December 1826, illness struck again, with episodes of vomiting and diarrhea that nearly ended his life.
Actors: John O'Hurley (actor), John Cleese (actor), Robert Picardo (actor), Debbie Coe (miscellaneous crew), Dee Bradley Baker (actor), John Gilbert (editor), John Kassir (actor), Tom Arnold (actor), Curtis Armstrong (actor), John Putch (director), Eric Ladd (miscellaneous crew), Jeff Freilich (producer), Kyle Massey (actor), Flo Krisko (miscellaneous crew), Andrew Gallinger (miscellaneous crew),
Genres: Comedy, Fantasy,Actors: Robert Bathurst (actor), Chris Blaine (writer), Chris Blaine (director), Guy Ducker (editor), Ben Blaine (writer), Ben Blaine (director), Imogen Loveday (costume designer), Tim Samuels (actor), Immy Loveday-Brown (costume designer), Sirine Saba (actress), Nick Astor (producer), Tim Samuels (actor), Orchestra of St Pauls (actor), Qubra Din (producer),
Genres: Comedy, Music, Short,Actors: Jim Titus (actor), Alex Duong (actor), James Choi (actor), David Brocca (editor), David Brocca (director), David Brocca (writer), Mando Franco (actor), Alfred Hsing (actor), James Peak (actor), Dave Alspach (actor), Jeff Copas (actor), Max Velez (actor), Nicholas Coles (actor), Robert Dierx (actor), Albert Brocca (producer),
Plot: A Japanese warlord has grown bored with the usual mayhem and murder. Craving a different form of twisted fun he orders his thugs to organize the ultimate bloody battle - a troop of unsuspecting clowns versus a pair of ninja assassins. The lights fire on and the clowns realize they've been trapped in a modern-day pit fighter arena. In attendance are of some of the sickest villains of the underworld, thirsting for blood. The clowns only way out is to fight to the death in order to appease the pleasures of their employer and hopefully live to clown around another day.
Keywords: ninjaActors: Beverly Safier (costume designer), Mike Elliott (director), Rhea Perlman (actress), Tom Nowicki (actor), Maria Ford (actress), Robert Folk (composer), Joey Fatone (actor), John Archer Lundgren (actor), Dee Bradley Baker (actor), Eddie Griffin (actor), Amy Lyn Howell (actress), Jonathan Silverman (actor), Stephen Tobolowsky (actor), Brian Levant (writer), Jesse Kozel (actor),
Plot: Eddie, a struggling animal trainer and single dad suddenly finds himself the personal wrangler for a large and lovable St. Bernard whose fabulous movie "audition" catapults the dog to stardom. However, a trio of unscrupulous ne'er-do-wells have plans to kidnap the famous dog and hold him for ransom
Keywords: 2000s, animal-actor, animal-in-title, animal-name-in-title, animal-trainer, apostrophe-in-title, boy-dog-relationship, casting, character-name-in-title, dogActors: John Hughes (writer), Ivan Reitman (producer), Sheldon Kahn (producer), Joe Medjuck (producer), Oliver Platt (actor), Melora Walters (actress), Richard Portnow (actor), Dean Jones (actor), Bonnie Hunt (actress), Charles Grodin (actor), David Duchovny (actor), Stanley Tucci (actor), Joseph Gordon-Levitt (actor), Sheldon Kahn (editor), Randy Edelman (composer),
Plot: The Newton family live in their comfortable home, but there seems to something missing. This "hole" is filled by a small puppy, who walks into their home and their lives. Beethoven, as he is named, grows into a giant of a dog... a St Bernard. Doctor Varnick, the local vet has a secret and horrible sideline, which requires lots of dogs for experiments. Beethoven is on the bad doctor's list.
Keywords: 1990s, animal, animal-actor, animal-name-in-title, animal-rescue, animal-urination, bare-chested-male, bare-chested-male-in-gym-class, barefoot, bathing-suitActors: David Newman (composer), David Linck (miscellaneous crew), George Carlin (actor), Ted Field (producer), Joel Soisson (producer), Jill M. Ohanneson (costume designer), Golan Ramras (actor), Robert V. Barron (actor), Bernie Casey (actor), Alex Winter (actor), John Karlsen (actor), Keanu Reeves (actor), Robert W. Cort (producer), Enzo Sisti (miscellaneous crew), Jane Wiedlin (actress),
Plot: In the small town of San Dimas, a few miles away from Los Angeles, there are two nearly brain dead teenage boys going by the names of Bill S, Preston ESQ. and Ted Theodore Logan, they have a dream together of starting their own rock and roll band called the "Wyld Stallyns". Unfortunately, they are still in high school and on the verge of failing out of their school as well, and if they do not pass their upcoming history report, they will be separated as a result of Ted's father sending him to military school. But, what Bill and Ted do not know is that they must stay together to save the future. So, a man from the future named Rufus came to help them pass their report. So, both Bill and Ted decided to gather up historical figures which they need for their report. They are hoping that this will help them pass their report so they can stay together.
Keywords: 1,000,000-b.c., 1200s, 13th-century, 1420s, 1480s, 15th-century, 1800s, 1810s, 1860s, 1870sActors: Alex North (composer), Tsilla Chelton (actress), William Castle (actor), Philippe Clay (actor), William Castle (director), Don Calfa (actor), William Castle (producer), Marshall Schlom (miscellaneous crew), Read Morgan (actor), Steven North (producer), Marcel Marceau (actor), Marcel Marceau (actor), Marcel Marceau (miscellaneous crew), Larry Bishop (actor), David Berlatsky (editor),
Plot: Malcolm Shanks is a sad and lonely man, deaf, mute and living with his cruel sister and her husband, who delight in making him miserable. His only pleasure, it seems, is in making and controlling puppets. Thanks to his skill, he is offered a job as a lab assistant to Dr. Walker, who is working on ways to re-animate dead bodies by instering electrodes at key nerve points and manipulating the bodies as if they were on strings. When the professor suddenly dies one night, Shanks gets the idea to apply their experimental results to a human body, and then to start exacting some revenge.
Keywords: cemetery, chicken, corpse, drowning, drunkard, falling-down-stairs, falling-from-height, falling-into-a-well, frog, good-versus-evilActors: Paola Barbara (actress), Paolo Stoppa (actor), Camillo Pilotto (actor), Edoardo Toniolo (actor), Gildo Bocci (actor), Nino Besozzi (actor), Lamberto Picasso (actor), Giulio Battiferri (actor), Romolo Costa (actor), Oreste Bilancia (actor), Cesare Fantoni (actor), Oreste Fares (actor), Giovanni Onorato (actor), Alfredo Martinelli (actor), Luciano Doria (producer),
Plot: The famous composer's life and his career. His love story with Isabella Colbran, the soprano who was to become his wife and the singer in all his operas up to the unfortunate day she lost her voice.
Genres: Biography, Musical,Actors: Ernst Neubach (writer), Madeleine Suffel (actress), Marthe Mellot (actress), Jacques Companéez (writer), Lilian Harvey (actress), Marcel Vallée (actor), Claire Gérard (actress), Georges Bever (actor), Louis Jouvet (actor), Pierre Magnier (actor), Félix Oudart (actor), Robert Arnoux (actor), Philippe Richard (actor), Alexandre Rignault (actor), Ernst Neubach (writer),
Genres: Drama,Actors: Harry Baur (actor), Charles Krauss (actor), Germaine Dermoz (actress), Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset (director), Jeanne Grumbach (actress), Jean-Marie de l'Isle (actor),
Genres: Biography, Drama, Short,