- published: 18 Mar 2011
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Life and death is a fundamental concept in the game of Go, where the status of a distinct group of stones is determined as either being "alive", and may remain on the board indefinitely, or "dead," where the group will be lost as "captured". The basic idea can be summarized by:
The concept of Life and death is a consequence of two basic Go rules.
Because of these rules, some groups can never be captured (alive), while others can't avoid capture (dead).
The group at a is not alive, but may become alive, so is unsettled. The group at b is dead. The group at c and d is alive.
See the diagram on the right, and suppose white tries to capture the black groups:
The black group with the letters c and d can never be captured, and is called alive. The group can live because it has two -- separated -- inner liberties, where white can't play. A group such as b that cannot become alive is called dead. Groups that are neither alive, nor dead, are called unsettled.
e and f are eyes, g is a fake eye.
Liberties inside a group, where the opponent cannot play, are called eyes. In the previous example, a, b, c and d are eyes. An eye may be a single empty intersection, or more of them. In the diagram on the left, the intersections marked e form a single eye, and f forms another eye. The group has two -- separated -- eye spaces. Even though white can make a move in these eyes, black could eventually capture the white stones, and each eye would thereby be reduced to a single intersection.
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