Name	Jessica Watson
Birth date	May 18, 1993
Birth place	Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Residence	Buderim, Queensland, Australia
Known for	Youngest person to sail solo around the world (unassisted)
Occupation	Sailor
Nationality	AustralianNew Zealand
Parents	Julie WatsonRoger Watson
Website	Official website }}

Jessica Watson, OAM (born 18 May 1993) is an Australian sailor. She resides in Buderim, Queensland. In May 2010, she unofficially became the youngest person to sail non-stop and unassisted around the world, although her route did not meet World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC) criteria for circumnavigation of the globe.

Watson departed from Sydney on 18 October 2009, heading eastbound over the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. She returned to Sydney on 15 May 2010, three days before her 17th birthday.

On 25 January 2011 she was named the 2011 Young Australian of the Year. The following year she was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia.

Early life

Watson was born on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. The second of four children of New Zealand couple Roger and Julie Watson, who moved to Australia in 1987, she has dual Australian and New Zealand nationality. She has an older sister (Emily) and younger brother and sister (Tom and Hannah). All four took sailing lessons as children, and the family went on to live on board a 16 metre cabin cruiser for five years, the children being home schooled via distance learning. Later they lived on a purpose-built double decker bus for some time. When Jessica was eleven and they were still living on the boat, her mother read Jesse Martin's book ''Lionheart: A Journey of the Human Spirit'' to the children as a bedtime story. This led to Jessica forming the ambition at age twelve to sail around the world too.

Circumnavigation and publicity

Watson had been planning to complete a solo non-stop and unassisted circumnavigation of the globe since at least early 2008. Officially announced in May 2009, the journey was expected to take eight months with an estimated distance of 23,000 nautical miles. To fulfill the plan of sailing non-stop and unassisted, during the journey no other person would be allowed to give her anything and she must not moor to any port or other boat, although advice over radio communication was permitted.

Watson's planned circumnavigation route was to start and end at Sydney, and to pass near New Zealand, Fiji, Kiribati, Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope, Cape Leeuwin and South East Cape. In accordance with the definitions for circumnavigations set out by the International Sailing Federation's WSSRC, the equator must be crossed; this crossing was carried out near Kiritimati. However, the journey eventually did not meet the WSSRC requirement of an orthodromic distance of 21,600 nmi (refer below for the reason).

Watson arrived back in Sydney Harbour at 1:53pm, Saturday 15 May 2010.

The ''Los Angeles Times'' reported Watson's reason for her journey: "I wanted to challenge myself and achieve something to be proud of. And yes, I wanted to inspire people. I hated being judged by my appearance and other people's expectations of what a 'little girl' was capable of. It's no longer just my dream or voyage. Every milestone out here isn't just my achievement, but an achievement for everyone who has put so much time and effort into helping getting me here."

After the journey she continued a relationship with Michael Perham, the previous youngest circumnavigator. They met during a stop he made in Australia during his circumnavigation, and they had several phone conversations during her journey. More recently, however, Jessica has also been seen spending time with Australia's youngest ever federal politician, Wyatt Roy. Jessica's mother insists they are just friends, and that Jessica's schedule—which takes her around the country and world—is currently preventing her from "dating boys."

Watson has written a book about her experience, which is called ''True Spirit'' and published by Hachette Australia (ISBN 0733624979). The book was released 29 July 2010.

Jessica has also filmed a documentary about her solo trip before, during and after completing her solo trip which will be narrated by Sir Richard Branson and premiered on ONEHD on 16 August 2010 and then was released on DVD along with a CD album on 20 August 2010.

Preparation

As training for her voyage, Watson crewed on a number of vessels, including OceansWatch's ''Magic Roundabout'' on which she acted as skipper during a crossing of the Tasman Sea. At the time she left on her voyage, Watson had the following qualifications:

RYA/ISAF Offshore Safety course (ISAF SR 6.01) Cat zero (one day 8 hour course)

RYA Diesel Engine course (one day 8 hour course)

RYA Radar course (one day 8 hour course)

YAs Safety and Sea Survival certificate (two day 16 hour course)

OMTC issued Certificates of Competence for Apply First Aid HTLF301B

IMO compliant Elementary First Aid Table A VI/1-3 STCW95 (one day 8 hour course)

Yachtmaster Ocean theory certificates (40 hour course)

Radio operator’s licence

About 6,000 coastal and 6,000 ocean miles experience.

Boat

{|

Ship image
Ship caption	''Ella's Pink Lady'' at the Australian National Maritime Museum, following the completion of her voyage }}

Ship country	Australia
Ship flag
Ship name	''Ella's Pink Lady''
Ship namesake	Ella Baché
Ship route	Sydney - Kiritimati - Cape Horn - Cape of Good Hope - Cape Leeuwin - Sydney
Ship launched	1984
Ship renamed	original name ''Shanty''
Ship badge	}}

Ship type	S&S; 34 yacht
Ship length
Ship beam
Ship draught
Ship propulsion	Sails
Ship crew	1
Ship notes	}}

|} The boat is a Sparkman & Stephens S&S; 34, the same design as used by Jon Sanders, David Dicks and Jesse Martin in their circumnavigations. It was obtained and refitted with new equipment under the supervision of Don McIntyre and Bruce Arms, both skilled and experienced sailors. The refitting included a new galley, reconditioned diesel and water tanks, and a complete rebuild of the electrical system. Jessica Watson was also deeply involved in the preparation of the boat, which she named ''Ella's Pink Lady''. Most of the time the boat is steered by a self-steering windvane system. She has named the system ''Parker'' after the chauffeur of the pink Rolls-Royce in the ''Thunderbirds'' television series.

Test run and collision

During a test run sailing from Brisbane to Sydney, on her first night after leaving Brisbane, ''Ella's Pink Lady'' collided with the ''Silver Yang'', a 63,000-tonne bulk carrier at about 02.00 am on 9 September 2009 near Point Lookout. Watson's boat was dismasted in the collision. She was able to retain control and return the boat to Southport under motor.

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau's preliminary report on the collision found that Watson had been taking a five minute nap during the event, (thus she was asleep at the time of the collision), and that while she had checked her radar prior to lying down, she had failed to spot the ''Silver Yang''. This led to the accident four minutes later. The report also found that the ''Silver Yang'' had been aware of her presence and had attempted to change course, but that this had been insufficient to avoid Watson's boat.

The final report was released in June 2010. The report stated that both Watson and the ''Silver Yang's'' watchkeepers had failed to maintain an adequate lookout and that both had failed to properly employ the navigational aids. In addition, the report found that the watchkeeper on the ''Silver Yang'' had failed to offer assistance to Watson after the two vessels had collided.

Journey

Watson sailed out of Sydney Harbour on 18 October 2009 in her pink-hulled Ella Baché-sponsored ''Ella's Pink Lady''. 18 days later, on 5 November, she passed Tonga, sailing clear of both New Zealand and Fiji.

As required for a full circumnavigation, she crossed the equator on 19 November 2009 (Australian date), near Jarvis Island at about 161°40'W longitude, and rounded Kiritimati on 22 November 2009 (Australian date) after 36 days. Then she crossed the equator again at 156°20'W longitude, and continued south-easterly towards Cape Horn. The sailed distance from Sydney to Kiritimati was about 3,900 nmi. At Christmas she was near Point Nemo, the place located furthest from land.

On 13 January 2010 (9:40 UTC) she passed Cape Horn, having sailed around 9,800 nmi in 87 days. This was 11 days ahead of the planned per day schedule. Soon after her parents flew over her in a small plane in order to witness the passage. Just over a week later, on 23 January 2010, several days after passing the Falkland Islands, she suffered four knock-downs in a severe storm with 10-metre waves and winds. The storm caused minor damage to her boat and her emergency beacon was inadvertently activated as the mast hit the water.

The halfway point on the voyage was passed on 25 January 2010, her 100th day at sea, based on the original calculation of sailing route.

On 15 February 2010, she crossed the Prime Meridian, crossing from the Western Hemisphere to the Eastern Hemisphere. This placed her near the Cape of Good Hope, which she passed on 24 February, reaching Cape Agulhas, (the southernmost point of Africa), and crossing from the Atlantic Ocean into the Indian Ocean. From southern Africa, Watson sailed more than towards Western Australia.

Watson arrived in the Australian economic zone on 10 April 2010, celebrating with crackers and Vegemite. There her parents and media flew over her in a small plane in order to welcome her. She passed Cape Leeuwin on south-western Australia two days later, with approximately remaining.

When south of Australia, Watson suffered a lot of inclement weather. In this part of the journey, she had at least three knockdowns (where the mast hit the water), one of them with the mast deep into the sea, luckily without any real damage or injury. The swells she experienced in the Great Australian Bight were up to 12 metres in height, higher than anytime before.

On 3 May, Watson rounded the South East Cape of Tasmania and began heading north to Sydney, her final destination.

Watson completed her journey on day 210 of her voyage at 1:53pm on 15 May 2010 when she arrived in Sydney Harbour. Her 17th birthday was 3 days later.

During the journey Watson had to do repairs herself to the boat and the equipment. Several of the repairs were reported on the blog: the battery monitor (18 Dec), the stove, toilet and mainsail (24 Jan), the toilet again (11 March), replacement of wind generator blades (30 March), the kettle (10 April), the mainsail again (18 April), replacement of the wind generator with a spare (21 April), and finally the fuel pump of the engine (10 May).

''Ella's Pink Lady'' stays in Queensland

In the months following the completion of Jessica's journey, there were questions about what would become of her boat, ''Ella's Pink Lady''. In April 2011, after the state and federal governments jointly purchased the yacht for $300,000, it was announced that the Pink Lady would have a permanent exhibition at the Queensland Maritime Museum in Brisbane.

Criticism

Watson's journey has been criticised, particularly after the collision with the freighter. Barry Tyler of ''Pacific Motor Yacht'' magazine wrote, "like the majority of the seafaring world [I] consider it irresponsible, cavalier and indeed ignorant to attempt such a feat, at such a tender age and with so little trans-ocean experience." Questions about her experience were also expressed by Phil Jones, the CEO of Yachting Australia, and by Grant Wharington, the skipper of ''Skandia'', with Wharington stating that he had been impressed by Watson when they had met, but that he had advised her to gain experience by undertaking a number of shorter solo passages before attempting the circumnavigation, although she chose not to follow his advice. A more general concern was raised by the Australian Childhood Foundation, who questioned whether a 16 year old girl would have the ability to fully understand the risks that such a venture would involve.

Circumnavigation scrutiny

Sailing website Sail-World.com published an analysis on 3 May 2010 which claimed that the expected rhumb line distance travelled by Watson was , which was less than the required distance according to the definition set by the World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC), and that the journey was therefore ineligible to claim world record status for round-the-world journeys. The equivalent orthodromic distance for Watson's route would be . The WSSRC definition states in part "The shortest orthodromic track of the vessel must be at least in length." The analysis suggests that Watson's published distance logs are based on sailed distances, including tacks and strategic weather detours, rather than the shortest orthodromic track between islands and capes as defined. The rule is based on the older rule, followed by current record-holder Jesse Martin, that during a circumnavigation the sailor must pass two points on opposite sides of the earth (antipodes). For example, if starting in southern England, a place near the start will be opposite to the track near New Zealand. It was replaced by the rule that for world records the shortest orthodromic track must be at least as long as the circumference of the earth (hence 21,600 nautical miles).

Watson responded "If I haven't been sailing around the world, then it beats me what I've been doing out here all this time! Yes it's a shame that my voyage won't be recognized by a few organizations because I'm under 18, but it really doesn't worry me."

Watson's manager, Andrew Fraser, dismissed the claim, noting that the WSSRC does not recognise records by sailors under eighteen. He stated "Jessica has sailed a southern hemisphere solo circumnavigation, [in which] 'a vessel must start from and return to the same point, must cross all meridians of longitude and must cross the Equator'. Jessica has ticked all of these boxes. Jessica has sailed the most challenging and treacherous oceans of the world, passing the four capes (Cape Horn, Cape Agulhas, Cape Leeuwin and the Cape of SE Tasmania) and crossed the Equator twice. She has sailed around the world, non-stop, solo, unassisted and when she completes the voyage, she will be the youngest to have done that, sailing almost 23,000 nautical miles in the process. We have official TracPlus data to confirm Jessica's exact distance upon her return."

British sailing journalist and author Bob Fisher published an article on Sail-World.com refuting the round the world claim. He said "True, Jessica has sailed alone and unassisted, passed under the four required capes, but the orthodromic route she has taken does not total the necessary 21,600 miles that is equivalent of the girth of the Earth at the equator. And that, Andrew Fraser, is a requirement for the world record you were claiming for Jessica, and which would put her in line to beat Jesse Martin's record."

Watson commented on this matter in her book ''True Spirit.'' She states that she wrote a number of letters to the WSSRC asking what she had to do to claim the record. Their answer was that she could not claim the record since age records were no longer recognized. She got the impression it was (according to WSSRC) not necessary to follow the route Jesse Martin followed (which went far north of the equator in the Atlantic), a route Watson knew well from reading Martin's book more than once. Watson decided to follow a route commonly accepted as round the world. A number of sailors, like Kay Cottee, followed a similar route which has been accepted.

In the book she also criticised those who criticised her management. Sail-World.com has written "We don’t believe she decided her route. People think we’re criticising Jessica. We’re not. We’re criticising her management". She felt hurt by that, since it hinted that "He was suggesting that I was just a puppet, that I had no voice and no will of my own."

Praise

Despite criticism, Watson has had her supporters, not only after, but before the departure. In particular, adventurer Don McIntyre strongly supported her attempt, providing her with a boat and speaking in support of her attempt. Similarly, Tony Mowbray, who, like McIntyre, has previously circumnavigated the globe, provided his support, arguing that she was "doing it for the right reasons" and that he was confident of her success. The captain of the ''Magic Roundabout'' spoke highly of her skills, backing her circumnavigation attempt by describing her as a "damn-good crew member" and stating that he believed that she possessed the necessary abilities. Also adventurer and company owner Richard Branson gave his support before departure.

During her journey others expressed their support for her attempt. Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said in a public speech on 26 January that "Jessica Watson ... is an extraordinary young Australian." According to ABC News, competing circumnavigator Abby Sunderland congratulated Jessica on rounding Cape Horn, "She's done an amazing job and I hope the rest of her trip goes as well as it has so far."

At the arrival in Sydney, she was met by approximately 75,000 spectators including Australian Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd. He said "Jess welcome back to dry land. Welcome back home to Australia. You know something, you may feel a little wobbly on your feet just now, but in the eyes of all Australians you now stand tall as our newest Australian hero."

Awards

Since completing her circumnavigation, Jessica Watson has been recognised with a number of awards. These include the "Spirit of Sport" award from the Sport Australia Hall of Fame, and "Young Performer of the Year" for 2010, an award voted by the Australian public and presented at the annual Sports Performer Awards in Melbourne. She was selected as one of the ten international "2010 Adventurers of the Year" by National Geographic Society, and was the only sailor in the group.

Watson was named the Young Australian of the year on 25 January 2011.

She was selected as one of the entrants to the Who's Who in Australia 2012 edition.

Further projects

Jessica Watson took part in the Mini Fastnet sailing race, in Europe, in June 2011, sailing a two person mini sailboat with Scott Cavanough as skipper. Following the Mini Fastnet, she sailed the Round the Island Race in United Kingdom in June 2011, as a crew member with Phil Baughen as skipper and Michael Perham as third crew member, although they had to retire after boat damage. She also sailed in the Sydney Gold Coast Yacht Race with part of the intended Sydney-Hobart crew using the boat "Another Challenge". They won their class.

After that, she sailed in the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race in December 2011, skippering the boat "Another Challenge" with the youngest crew to ever compete in the race, consisting of ten people aged under 22, with Jessica aged 18. The boat got the second place in its class, Sydney 38 One Design, with equal standard boats. This was considered a success, since all the other boats in the class had considerably older male skippers.

See also

List of youth solo sailing circumnavigations

References

External links

Official website

Broadcast of her arrival in Sydney (7:19 in length). Retrieved 29 Jan 2011.

Collision between ''Silver Yang'' and ''Ella's Pink Lady'' off Point Lookout, Queensland on 9 September 2009 ATSB Final Report, 15 June 2010

Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:Australian autobiographers Category:Australian bloggers Category:Australian people of New Zealand descent Category:Australian sailors Category:Australian sportswomen Category:Australian women writers Category:New Zealand autobiographers Category:New Zealand bloggers Category:New Zealand people of Australian descent Category:New Zealand sailors Category:New Zealand sportswomen Category:New Zealand women writers Category:People from Queensland Category:Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia Category:Single-handed circumnavigating sailors Category:Single-handed sailors Category:Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees Category:Teenage single-handed circumnavigating sailors Category:Writers from Queensland Category:Young Australian of the Year Award winners

de:Jessica Watson fr:Jessica Watson it:Jessica Watson lv:Džesika Votsone ms:Jessica Watson pl:Jessica Watson ru:Ватсон, Джессика simple:Jessica Watson sv:Jessica Watson vi:Jessica Watson